Abstract: The invention relates to method and apparatus for cooling a furnace configured for processing refractory composites. More specifically, the invention is directed to method and apparatus for cooling a furnace more rapidly than prior art methods. According to the invention, a cooling gas is flowed in a closed circuit through the furnace, over the refractory composites disposed within the furnace, and over a cooling element disposed within the furnace. The cooling gas may be flowed by natural convection or by force.

Abstract: The invention relates to method and apparatus for cooling a furnace configured for processing refractory composites. More specifically, the invention is directed to method and apparatus for cooling a furnace more rapidly than prior art methods. According to the invention, a cooling gas is flowed in a closed circuit through the furnace, over the refractory composites disposed within the furnace, and over a cooling element disposed within the furnace. The cooling gas may be flowed by natural convection or by force.

Abstract: Strip guiding device for guiding hot metal strip, comprising a frame, a support construction which is accommodated in the frame in such a manner that it can rotate about an axis, drive means for the stepwise rotation of the support construction in the frame, at least two supporting rolls which are rotatably and removably arranged in the support construction, insulating means which are connected to the support construction and are positioned between the supporting rolls, and cooling means for cooling each supporting roll, in which device the cooling means for each supporting roll comprise a cooling body which is connected to the support construction, each cooling body extending in the longitudinal direction of the associated supporting roll, externally delimiting this roll over part of the circumference, and being positioned at a distance from the support roll, each cooling body cooling the associated supporting roll as a result of direct radiation from the said roll.

Abstract: A furnace includes a core tube that has an elongate boundary wall and is configured to accommodate wafers for processing the wafers in a treatment atmosphere. The furnace includes a cooling chamber defined between the elongate boundary wall and an outer casing of the furnace, wherein the outer casing includes a heating element and has first lateral, circumferentially spaced openings in proximity of a first end of the outer casing and second lateral, circumferentially spaced openings in proximity of a second end of the outer casing. Cooling gas is supplied through one of the first and second lateral, circumferentially spaced openings to a region of one end of the cooling chamber and provides for a cooling atmosphere. The cooling gas is guided along the cooling chamber with a uniform distribution of flow and discharged through one of the first and second lateral, circumferentially spaced openings from a region of an opposite end of the cooling chamber.

Abstract: The increase of temperature in heat sensitive devices during heat generating conditions is prevented through the absorption of heat, by providing Boric acid in an amount sufficient to effect the required heat absorption. Where the heat generating conditions are generated by a heat generator, separate and distinct from the heat sensitive device, the Boric acid is supported in a position between the heat sensitive device and the heat generator. Where the heat sensitive device is itself the heat generator, the Boric acid is contacted to the heat sensitive device either directly or indirectly.

Abstract: The increase of temperature in heat sensitive devices during heat generating conditions is prevented through the absorption of heat, by providing a salt of an organic acid such as lithium formate and its hydrates, beryllium formate and its hydrates, sodium formate and its hydrates, magnesium formate and its hydrates, aluminum formate and its hydrates, potassium formate and its hydrates, calcium formate and its hydrates, ammonium formate and its hydrates, lithium acetate and its hydrates, beryllium acetate and its hydrates, sodium acetate and its hydrates, magnesium acetate and its hydrates, aluminum acetate and its hydrates, potassium acetate and its hydrates, calcium acetate and its hydrates, ammonium acetate and its hydrates, lithium propionate and its hydrates, beryllium propionate and its hydrates, sodium propionate and its hydrates, magnesium propionate and its hydrates, aluminum propionate and its hydrates, potassium propionate and its hydrates, calcium propionate and its hydrates, ammonium propionate a

Abstract: The increase of temperature in heat sensitive devices during heat generating conditions is prevented through the absorption of heat, by providing a hydrated salt such as Lithium Chloride, Magnesium Chloride, Magnesium Sulfate, Sodium Sulfate, Aluminum Oxide, Aluminum Sulfate, Aluminum Fluoride, Aluminum Nitrate, Lithium Nitrate, Sodium Borate, Beryllium Sulfate, Sodium Phosphate, Calcium Chloride, Zinc Sulfate, Aluminum Chloride, Zinc Chloride and the mixtures thereof, in an amount sufficient to effect the required heat absorption. Where the heat generating conditions are generated by a heat generator, separate and distinct from the heat sensitive device, the hydrated salt is supported in a position between the heat sensitive device and the heat generator. Where the heat sensitive device is itself the heat generator, the hydrated salt is contacted to the heat sensitive device either directly or indirectly.

Abstract: The increase of temperature in heat sensitive devices during heat generating conditions is prevented through the absorption of heat, by providing an aldehyde such as formaldehyde (methanol), acetaldehyde (ethanal), propionaldehyde (propanal), n-butyraldehyde (butanal), benzaldehyde, p-Nitrobenzaldehyde, p-tolualdehyde, salicylaldehyde (ortho-hydroxybenzaldehyde), phenylacetalaldehyde (phenylethanal), alpha-methylvaleraldehyde (2-methylpentanal), beta-methyvaleraldehyde (3-methylpentanal), isocaproaldehyde (4-methylpentanal), paraformaldehyde, trioxane, dioxane, paraldehydeand the mixtures thereof, in an amount sufficient to effect the required heat absorption. Where the heat generating conditions are generated by a heat generator, separate and distinct from the heat sensitive device, the aldehyde is supported in a position between the heat sensitive device and the heat generator.

Abstract: The increase of temperature in heat sensitive devices during heat generating conditions is prevented through the absorption of heat, by providing an organic acid such as formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butyric acid and the mixtures thereof, in an amount sufficient to effect the required heat absorption. Where the heat generating conditions are generated by a heat generator, separate and distinct from the heat sensitive device, the organic acid is supported in a position between the heat sensitive device and the heat generator. Where the heat sensitive device is itself the heat generator, the organic acid is contacted to the heat sensitive device either directly or indirectly.

Abstract: A method for cooling the heating furnace during the dormant stage of the heating furnace; said method surely and sufficiently shortens the cooling time of the heating furnace irrespective of seasons such as summer or winter, and yet, without damaging the inner furnace refractories. Furthermore, the method is applicable to ceramic fiber furnaces. The method comprises: inserting, from an extracting port to the inside of the heating furnace, a plurality of lances being arranged along the width direction of the extracting port of said furnace while taking a predetermined distance between each other; and spraying, from a plurality of spray nozzles provided on the lances, a coolant in the form of a mist against a scale deposited inside the heating furnace. Optionally, a cooling fan is provided to forcibly supply a cooling air into the heating furnace.

Abstract: The increase of temperature in heat sensitive devices during heat generating conditions is prevented through the absorption of heat, by providing a bicarbonate salt, such as Lithium Bicarbonate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate, Magnesium Bicarbonate, Calcium Bicarbonate, Beryllium Bicarbonate, Aluminum Bicarbonate, Ammonium Bicarbonate and the mixtures thereof, in an amount sufficient to effect the required best absorption. Where the heat generating conditions are generated by a heat generator, separate and distinct from the heat sensitive device, the bicarbonate salt is supported in a position between the heat sensitive device and the heat generator. Where the heat sensitive device is itself the heat generator, the bicarbonate salt is contacted to the heat sensitive device either directly or indirectly.

Abstract: A load lock chamber includes a chamber body having an aperture to allow a substrate to be transferred into or out of the chamber. The load lock chamber is configurable in several configurations, including a base configuration for providing a transition between two different pressures, a heating configuration for heating the substrate and providing a transition between two different pressures, and a cooling configuration for cooling the substrate and providing a transition between two different pressures. Various features of the chamber configurations help increase the throughput of the system by enabling rapid heating and cooling of substrates and simultaneous evacuation and venting of the chamber, and help compensate for thermal losses near the substrate edges, thereby providing a more uniform temperature across the substrate.

Abstract: The increase of temperature in heat sensitive devices during heat generating conditions is prevented through the absorption of heat, by providing a carbonate salt, such as Lithium Carbonate and its hydrates, Sodium Carbonate and its hydrates, Potassium Carbonate and its hydrates, Magnesium Carbonate and its hydrates, Calcium Carbonate and its hydrates, Beryllium Carbonate and its hydrates, Aluminum Carbonate and its hydrates, and the mixtures thereof, in an amount sufficient to effect the required heat absorption. Where the heat generating conditions are generated by a heat generator, separate and distinct from the heat sensitive device, the carbonate salt is supported in a position between the heat sensitive device and the heat generator. Where the heat sensitive device is itself the heat generator, the carbonate salt is contacted to the heat sensitive device either directly or indirectly.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflow furnace for an electronic assembly. The electronic assembly comprises a printed circuit board and a device on the printed circuit board. The printed circuit board has solder at a first area near the device and a metallic surface at second area distant from the device. The furnace comprises a frame, a support, a heater, and a shield. The support is secured to the frame and is capable of holding the printed circuit board. The heater is secured to the frame and is capable of heating the printed circuit board while being held by the support. The shield is secured to the frame and is positioned to prevent solder from migrating from the first area to the metallic surface at the second area while the printed circuit board is being heated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved equipment in semiconductor processing. The invention includes a horizontal quartz tube surrounded with heating element for processing wafers, an inlet pipe of a gas injector mounted at the center of the closed end of a horizontal quartz tube, four sheath supports each being 90 degrees apart located at the closed end of a horizontal quartz tube for supporting a thermocouple sheath. The horizontal quartz tube is rotated 90 degrees every 14 to 15 days in a predetermined direction. As the horizontal quartz tube is rotated, the thermocouple sheath is always inserted into the sheath support located at the bottom of the horizontal quartz tube.

Abstract: The temperature of articles in an "environmental" chamber is stabilized by evacuation of the "environmental" chamber, after having stabilized the temperature of such an article to approximate that of a controlled-temperature member spaced from the article by a small gap, to a pressure just sufficient to provide viscous gas behavior, adjusting the temperature of the article to closely match that of the member by gas conduction heat transfer across the gap, and evacuating the chamber to high vacuum.

Abstract: A method of resistance heating using a graphite container having a graphite body and a pyrolytic boron nitride coating in which a metal charge of predetermined weight is deposited over the coating and the container is heated by the application of a variable source of electrical power to cause the metal charge to fully evaporate in a short interval of time of less than two minutes with the heat cycle controlled to provide a cool down period in each cycle of applied power and with a new metal charge introduced upon completion of each heat cycle in a semi-continuous fashion.

Abstract: A convection braze furnace for brazing aluminum heat exchangers in an inert gas rich atmosphere includes entrance and exit vestibules forming atmosphere barriers of suspended stainless steel strips. The interior of the braze furnace is divided into multiple zones for progressively heating the heat exchangers to a brazing temperature and then cooling the heat exchangers in the final zone. An impeller circulates the heated intent gas atmosphere within each zone to accelerate heat transfer. A chain type conveyor supports the heat exchangers as they are moved through the braze furnace. An isolated return tube surrounds the lower return side of the conveyor chain as it passes through the braze furnace. The braze furnace housing is comprised of inner and outer shells having an inert gas pressurized cavity interstitial therebetween. The inner shell includes a plurality of expansion strips having generally ellipsoidal corner expansion joints.

Abstract: To facilitate a smooth and quick start-up of a rotary kiln, a Fuzzy Logic Control system is proposed, the principal feature of which is to mandate control actions to decrease the specific heat consumption along a straight line from an initial high value to a steady-state value established for the kiln, and then to switch over to an existing steady-state fuzzy logic control mode. In the start-up phase, further process variables are preferably measured and monitored against reference values to mandate concurrent control actions influencing the Fuzzy Logic Control system in a weighted manner.

Abstract: A method of carrying out a gas combustion process with recovery of the heat from the combustion gases, which comprises passing said gases during the stationary condition of the process through a recuperator in which a part of the heat released is used for heating the air required for the combustion, and then passing the gases through a reformer in which a part of the residual heat is used for converting fresh gas to be burned with steam, in which method at least during the non-stationary conditions of the process a cooling medium is supplied to the combustion gases before introducing them into the reforming reactor.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and an apparatus for optimizing combustion in a furnace which has open chambers, referred to as a ring furnace, for the baking of carbonaceous blocks, the furnace comprising a plurality of preheating, baking and cooling chambers which are aligned in series, each chamber being formed by the alternating juxtaposition of hollow heating partitions in which the combustion gases circulate and compartments in which the carbonaceous blocks to be baked are stacked, the combustion gases being extracted by a suction pipe connected by delivery tubes to each of the heating partitions of the first natural preheating chamber.

Abstract: A process is provided for cooling fired products such as tiles in a kiln by repeating a cooling step to cool down said products, the cooling step comprising blowing a cooling gaseous fluid, e.g., cooling air, to the fired products in the kiln, alternately with a non-cooling step to moderate a sharp temperature gradient between the surfaces and the interior regions of the products, the non-cooling step comprising stopping or suppressing the blowing of cooling gaseous fluid between cooling steps. The process of the invention can achieve rapid cooling without giving rise to dunting due to thermal stresses and thus can increase the productivity of kilns. When the invention is applied to a tunnel kiln, the kiln can be considerably shortened.

Abstract: An improvement in a chemical recovery process in which a hot liquid smelt is introduced into a dissolving tank containing a pool of green liquor. The improvement comprises preventing smelt explosions in the dissolving tank by maintaining a first selected superatmospheric pressure in the tank during normal operation of the furnace; sensing the pressure in the tank; and further impinging a high velocity stream of steam upon the stream of smelt whenever the pressure in the tank decreases below a second selected superatmospheric pressure which is lower than said first pressure.

Abstract: This invention relates to ladle heating methods and apparatus. More particularly, this invention pertains to rapid high temperature ladle preheating utilizing an optimized heating cycle by involving oxygen and combustion air preheated by recuperation in the fuel burning process. Controlled oxygen flow directed into the process is used to increase the heat input during the initial preheating phase and to insure maximum efficiency of the system during the soaking phase of ladle preheating. The disclosed ladle preheating station comprises a refractory lined lid including a partially open refractory ring for docking a portion of a ladle rim having a significant protrusion caused by a local accumulation of solidified metal or slag, said refractory lid opening shaped to receive said protrusion within the opening while providing a gap between said metal deposition and the refractory lid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improved preheating and/or curing of the channel of an induction furnace wherein an elongated burner tube is provided with a combustion zone adjacent its forwardmost end and an air inlet is provided adjacent its opposite end outside of the furnace to provide high velocity and high volume air flow to cool the burner tube extending within the furnace and support combustion within the burner combustion zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved method of controlling temperatures within a cleaning or reclamation furnace which is normally used to reclaim metal parts contaminated with combustible materials by pyrolyzing the combustible materials. A reclamation furnace usually includes a primary heat-input burner employed to heat the contaminated parts in the primary heating chamber, an afterburner chamber contained within the heating chamber having a secondary burner to burn volatile gases which are given off by the combustible materials as the parts are heated, and two separately-controlled automatic valve and spray nozzle assemblies connected to the primary heating chamber. Each nozzle assembly is connected to a pressurized water source to deliver a water-spray injection into the heating chamber.

Abstract: The cylinder for guiding a web of textile material comprises at least one hollow space which is partly filled with a liquid heat carrier and can be evacuated. The pressure increase in the hollow space if the temperature is increased is to be limited to values below a multiple of calculated safety even though heat carriers with a steeply rising vapor pressure curve such as water are used. The solution consists in that only a quantity of heat carrier which can be evaporated completely in the volume of the hollow space already before a predetermined vapor pressure is reached, is contained in the hollow space.

Abstract: A composition for use in fluidizing accumulated pit scrap in ingot soaking pits is provided which contains from about 38 to about 56 wt. % SiO.sub.2, from about 2 to about 4 wt. % C, and from about 38 to about 56 wt. % FeO. A method is also provided according to which an effective amount of the above composition is added to the pit and the pit maintained at a temperature and for a time sufficient to fluidize the accumulated pit scrap. The fluidized pit scrap is then removed by drainage or mechanical means.

Abstract: The heating apparatus according to the invention concerns open circulatory-firing baking furnaces comprising an assembly of chambers which are heated by gases which circulate in hollow partitions (7, 19, 25) which divide the chambers into compartments. The hot gases are produced by fuel injection means (13, 17) which are placed in the upper part of the partitions.In accordance with the invention, instead of the fuel injectors (13, 17) being placed in the same direction as the flow of combustion-supporting gas, the injectors (26, 29) are placed countercurrent, which permits the temperature distribution and the accuracy of the control action to be substantially enhanced.The apparatus is applied in particular to baking carbon anodes which are used in aluminum electrolysis cells.

Abstract: There is provided an improvement in a recuperator of the type having an elongated flow passage defined by an inner heat exchanger wall wherein the flow passage has a selected cross-sectional shape, a lower hot gas entrant end adjacent the gas outlet of a heating furnace and an upper gas exit end above and axially aligned with the lower end of the passage. The improvement involves the use of a radiator member in the form of a plug reciprocably mounted within said passage and movable axially within the passage between a normal plug position adjacent the upper end of the flow passage and a furnace capping position adjacent the lower end of the flow passage.

Abstract: A calcining system for the manufacture of cement clinker and the like including the combination of a preheater into which the raw material to be calcined is introduced, a rotary kiln which receives the preheated material either directly or through a preliminary calcinator, and a cooler which receives the discharge of the rotary kiln. In accordance with the invention, a heater means is operatively associated directly with the cooler to bring the cooler up to operating temperatures during start-up.

Abstract: In the treatment of bulk materials with hot gases below the melting point of the charge component it is desired to prevent a formation of undesired crusts during normal operation and when the rotary kiln is operated at a reduced speed during short-time trouble. For this purpose, a controlled dissipation of heat is effected in several sections of the rotary kiln in that the shell of the kiln and the refractory lining are cooled so that the temperature of that portion of the inside surface of the rotary kiln which is submerged below the charge is always maintained at or up to 50.degree. C. below the temperature of the charge disposed thereover.

Abstract: A temperature controller for photographic heat fixing unit which may be used in an electrophotographic copying apparatus includes a main temperature for detecting the temperature of a heater or heaters in the fixing unit and an auxiliary temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of a marginal member spaced from the heater or of a record sheet. The temperature level of the fixing unit is controlled in accordance with outputs from the both temperature sensors.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying machine comprises at least one paper supply unit from which a copying is automatically supplied towards a processing station, a manual feed mouth through which a copying paper is manually inserted into the machine, an electrophotographic processing unit for forming thermally fusible powder image on the copying paper, and a heat-fixing device for fusing and fixing the powder image on the copying paper. This machine is provided with a manual paper feed inhibiting device operable in such a manner the manual feed of the copying paper through the manual feed mouth is permitted only when and after the heat fixing device has attained the predetermined high temperature.

Abstract: An electrographic apparatus by which powder images corresponding to electrostatic images can be formed on receiving material and fixed onto the receiving material by heat and contact is provided with a control system which regulates the quantity of receiving material transported to the fixing device per unit of time so as to keep the heat content of heated surface elements of the fixing device suited for the heat capacity of the receiving material even when receiving materials of different weights are used. The control system can also make the formation of either electrostatic or powder images dependent upon the existance of heat content in the fixing device suited for the heat capacity of the receiving material.

Abstract: A heat regulator for a fuser in a reproduction machine. The heat regulator includes a fuser cooling fan, and a controller having a cooling fan counter. The cooling fan counter manifests the number of copies reproduced up to a predetermined maximum in response to a document scan switch. The contents of the cooling fan counter is the basis for determining the length of time of operation of the cooling fan at the end of a reproduction run. Specifically, the machine cooling fan maintains operation during machine cycle out at the end of a reproduction run for a three second period for each count in the cooling fan counter up to a predetermined maximum.

Abstract: A method for preventing fires and explosions and thus controlling excess temperature within a burn-off or reclamation furnace including a water injection nozzle within the furnace, an automatic valve assembly connected to a source of water under pressure to turn the water on and off, an input burner to heat contaminate materials, an afterburner to burn volatile gases given off by the contaminate materials as they are heated, a temperature sensor located in the discharge from the afterburner to actuate the automatic valve assembly open and closed responsive to the temperature of the discharge, the temperature of the discharge depending on the rate of emission of volatile gases from the contaminate material so that if a high emission rate causes a predetermined temperature to be exceeded the valve assembly opens and the water injection nozzle sprays water on the contaminate materials to cool them and decrease the emission rate until the valve assembly closes.

Abstract: Apparatus comprising a metal shell enclosing a spaced adapted to be heated, low heat retention, thermal shock resistant insulation on one substantially entire surface of the metal shell, a heater to heat the space enclosed by the metal shell, a vent for heated gases from the shell-enclosed space, a conduit and nozzle to supply atomized water into the shell-enclosed space to controllably cool the shell-enclosed space, and a vent for steam from the shell-enclosed space.A method comprising applying a low heat retention, thermal shock resistant insulation on one substantially entire surface of a metal shell enclosing a space, heating the space enclosed by the metal shell by means of hot gases with venting of the hot gases from the shell-enclosed space, supplying atomized water into the shell-enclosed heated space to controllably cool said space, and venting steam from the cooling shell-enclosed space.

Abstract: During a clean-out period when black liquor supply lines to paper pulp mill recovery furnace fuel spray guns are circulated with purge water or when black liquor firing is interrupted due to low consistency solids, the removal and unauthorized insertion of such fuel spray guns is positively verified and prevented by swing gates and series condition switches respective to each gun port. In order for a liquor circulation pump to be restarted following an automatic shutdown, all gates must be closed across respective gun ports which simultaneously closes all gate switches.

Abstract: In a line for coating a ferrous base metal strip with a molten coating metal, the line being of the type having a preparation furnace for the strip comprising a direct fired furnace, a controlled atmosphere heating furnace, one or more cooling chambers and a snout leading beneath the surface of the molten coating metal bath, all in sealed relationship to each other, the improvement comprising a method and means for maintaining a non-oxidizing atmosphere at positive pressure within the entire preparation furnace during line stops. To this end, a retractable, refractory lined door means is provided in the conduit between the direct fired furnace and its exhaust fan to seal off the direct fired furnace from its exhaust fan and an air dilution opening in that conduit. Additionally, means are provided to add excess nitrogen flow to the preparation furnace to maintain a positive pressure therein.

Abstract: A process for heating up a sulfur recovery plant such as a Claus unit or a combined Claus and SCOT unit, the process including first purging the plant with inert gas and blocking in the purged plant, followed by circulating heated inert gas through the plant to bring the plant to start-up temperature.

Abstract: In a line for coating a ferrous base metal strip with a molten coating metal, the line being of the type having a preparation furnace for the strip comprising a direct fired furnace, a controlled atmosphere heating furnace, one or more cooling chambers and a snout leading beneath the surface of the molten coating metal bath, all in sealed relationship to each other, the improvement comprising a method and means for maintaining a non-oxidizing atmosphere at positive pressure within the entire preparation furnace during line stop. To this end, a retractable, refractory lined door means is provided in the conduit between the direct fired furnace and its exhaust fan to seal off the direct fired furnace from its exhaust fan and an air dilution opening in that conduit. Additionally, means are provided to add excess nitrogen flow to the preparation furnace to maintain a positive pressure therein.

Abstract: Apparatus for drying webs which includes a housing having two compartments with one compartment open on one side and having heating elements therein. The other of said compartments is closed and has air inlet and outlet openings for circulation of air normally therethrough. An air control valve is disposed between the compartments and functions to direct all of the air into the open compartment should the web speed decrease or the movement of the web terminate completely.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for measuring relative movement between loose raceways and a revolving drum consisting of generating pulses for one or more revolutions of the raceways by a contactless pulse generator in the area between the motor and a gear input shaft and via contactless pulse generators on the raceways for one or more revolutions of the raceways, the difference of the pulses being determined with a predetermined constant value for the revolving drum and the difference being recalculated for the relative movement.

Abstract: A vertical vessel, having a low bed of broken material, having included combustible material, is initially ignited by a plurality of ignitors spaced over the surface of the bed, by adding fresh, broken material onto the bed to buildup the bed to its operating depth and then passing a combustible mixture of gas upwardly through the material, at a rate to prevent back-firing of the gas, while air and recycled gas is passed through the bed to thereby heat the material and commence the desired laterally uniform combustion in the bed. The procedure permits precise control of the air and gaseous fuel mixtures and material rates, and permits the use of the process equipment designed for continuous operation of the vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus for the heat treatment of fine-grained material, particularly pulverized raw material for use in the manufacture of cement, the apparatus comprising a preheater composed of a plurality of superimposed cyclones, the preheater feeding a rotary kiln. An exhaust conduit is connected to the rotary kiln and has a combustion zone formed therein. The gas discharge from one of the intermediate cyclones is directed into the combustion zone. The exhaust conduit includes a pair of upper and lower concentric conduits, the upper conduit having its lower end received in spaced relation to the upper end of the lower conduit and terminating at the combustion zone. A fuel feed conduit is disposed between the lower end of the upper conduit and the upper end of the lower conduit. The arrangement provides for a more efficient treatment of finely divided particles with the hot gases.

Abstract: A heat processing system in which a product is efficiently conveyed through a high temperature furnace and in which the product can be stored within a section of the furnace at a temperature less than the critical temperature to which product exposure must be limited. The furnace includes multiple sections each of a respective operating temperature, one of the sections being of high temperature to which a product can be exposed for only a limited time. A supply of product carriers is contained within the furnace onto which a product is supplied for transport forwardly through the furnace for unloading at an opposite end thereof, the carriers being returned rearwardly through the furnace back to a loading area. During an emergency mode of operation, loading of the product is discontinued and the product already within the furnace is transferred from the critical heat section to an adjacent section for storage at a lower temperature less than the high critical temperature.

Abstract: A method of preheating the wall of a furnace channel, which channel extends through a wall of the hearth of the furnace at one location therein, through an inductor mounted on the wall of the hearth, and through the wall of the hearth at another location therein and which opens at the opposite ends thereof into the hearth such that a circulatory passage is defined from and to the hearth through the channel, comprising heating the air in the hearth so as to heat the walls thereof, including directing a lowered-temperature flame from a high turn-down burner into the hearth, generating circulation of heated air from the hearth through the channel to heat the wall thereof, and further heating the air in the hearth and channel to further heat the walls thereof, including raising the temperature of the flame from the high turn-down burner and circulating the further heated air through the hearth and channel, so that the temperature of the walls of the furnace and channel is rapidly elevated to furnace and channel o

Abstract: Method for maintaining preheating equipment used for heating coal at a temperature within a temperature range normally used for heating said coal in said equipment which comprises introducing into said equipment a heat-absorbing liquid at a rate sufficient to maintain said equipment within said temperature range. Typically, the heat-absorbing liquid is an aqueous solution, preferably water, and said temperature range for preheating said coal is from 250.degree. to 700.degree. F.

Abstract: A method of heating up to working temperature from cold, a furnace of the regenerative or recuperative type having its interior lined with refractory material, which method comprises projecting into the furnace from one or more substantially non-radiant high velocity burners a flow of hot gases, causing said gases to circulate around said interior to heat same substantially uniformly, introducing to said interior air (preferably from the normal firing system of the furnace) alternately via one and then the other of the regenerators, and controlling said burner or burners to cause it or them to pass to an excess fuel condition by which said air is consumed within the furnace, thereby pre-heating the furnace and the regenerators up to full working temperature.