Abstract: The invention relates to a device to aid the orientation of blind and partially sighted people. The device comprises a long cane and an additional device comprising a laser measuring system. By transmitting and receiving laser beams the laser measuring system detects objects in a planar detection area of a detection plane containing the long cane. Indicating means indicates the presence and the absence of objects in this planar detection area by a first and by a second information, respectively, for example by the presence of a determined signal and by the absence of a determined signal. This allows to detect objects above the long cane.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and a system enabling the blind and the partially sighted to direct themselves and find their way in unknown surroundings. Said method consists in teletraining using a portable sensor in particular touch-sensitive or audio, the blind or partially sighted person about the path he must follow to move from one point to another, avoiding obstacles. Said method enables the blind or partially sighted person, having no material landmark which he could remember and recognize by feeling his way with his walking stick, to find his way particularly in streets of a town, in the corridors of an underground railway or of a building.

Abstract: In order to provide an image display method and apparatus capable of displaying images corresponding to document data or speech data, image data (such as sign language images) are stored in an image dictionary in motion picture form. Document data is read out from a character information storage device (or speech data is received), and a sign language image corresponding to a character string of the document data (or the speech) is selected from the image dictionary and displayed on a display.

Abstract: A sketching device for use by a blind person includes a pen body which is hollow and which has a writing end; a bobbin spool encloser which is secured to the pen body, which has slots provided in opposite sides thereof, and which has a hole defined therein through which thread may pass into the pen body; an axle positioned within the bobbin spool encloser and extending through the slots; a bobbin spool positioned on the axle; thread wound onto the bobbin spool threaded through the hole provided in the bobbin spool encloser and passing into and through the hollow pen body, and exiting the writing end of the pen body; knobs provided at both the ends of the axle to retain the axle and bobbin spool within the bobbin spool encloser; and thread cutting means provided at the writing end of the pen body for cutting the thread.

Abstract: A method and kit for teaching disabled students, such as children with developmental delays and disabilities such as autism, through music. The method makes extensive use of an illustrated song book and individual sound recordings of appropriate songs with lyrics, and tying the pages of the song book with the individual sound recordings of the songs by the use of icons or graphic images, including icon cards, representing respective ones of the songs. The method permits the students to find the appropriate page in the song book for following along as the selected song is being played, while also permitting the students to have a choice in the selection of songs to be experienced. The method and kit also provide the teacher with suggestions of activities for engaging the children, such activities being specific to the selected song being played.

Abstract: A tactile transducer is able to provide a tactile display or serve as a tactile input sensor. Paired contactors having contactor tips separated by a gap are connected to transducer means (an actuator or sensor). Variations in the gap distance can create a tactile experience through skin stretch, or provide tactile input in sensor mode. The contactors are resiliently supported to bear against a sensing finger with relatively constant pressure.

Abstract: A system and a method for determining a satellite antenna attitude are disclosed. Radio signals from a satellite, such as a GPS satellite, are received by a plurality of coupled antenna elements forming an antenna array. Local attitude values of the antenna array and/or the antenna elements with respect to a reference plane are determined using a shaft encoder or gyro, whereas a carrier-phase antenna attitude is determined from the received radio signals. The array and/or array elements are rotated over a predetermined angle and a correction value of the antenna attitude is determined from a time-averaged difference between the local attitude values and the carrier-phase attitude values.

Abstract: A system or kit for treating developmental verbal apraxia is provided. The system or kit includes a plurality of picture cards in which each card identifies in written, spelled-out form a selected multi-syllabic word for describing an activity, item or thing with a corresponding drawing or picture which illustrates the activity, item or thing. In addition, each card also includes, in written, spelled-out form, a series of single syllabic words in written, spelled-out form, each word describing an activity, item or thing. Associated with each single syllabic word is preferably a drawing or picture which illustrates the activity, item or thing.

Abstract: A touch screen system for the vision-impaired provides a speed list in which each of the virtual buttons on a screen are duplicated in a line along one edge of the screen to provide rapid access to the virtual buttons while taking advantage of their logical grouping among multiple screens to assist both vision-impaired and fill-sighted individuals.

Abstract: A graphical representation regarding one or more words. The design includes a horizontal axis and a vertical axis. The vertical axis has all of the letters of the alphabet arranged vertically in order. The horizontal axis includes one or more discrete locations. A first letter of the word is represented at the discrete location. Immediately below the discrete location is a sub-location where the first and a second letter of the word are represented. A bar graph extends immediately above the discrete location to a height dictated by the second letter, such that the bar graph extends to the height of said second letter on the vertical axis. An image of a word having the same first and second letters is provided immediately above the bar graph.

Abstract: A configurable touch sensitive keyboard system is used to adjust or control the interface to a computer or other electronic device, particularly, for disabled individuals. The configurable touch sensitive keyboard system includes a touch sensitive keyboard having touch sensitive regions and a keyboard overlay having symbols corresponding to the touch sensitive regions. The symbols can be visually recognizable symbols or tactually recognizable symbols, such as Braille characters. A keyguard template is disposed on the keyboard over the overlay and includes keyboard access regions spatially separated on the keyguard. The keyboard access regions on the keyguard help disabled individuals to locate the touch sensitive regions for activation. Keyboard access cover members are used to selectively cover the keyboard access regions and the symbols and corresponding touch sensitive regions.

Abstract: A refreshable Braille display comprising a plurality of Braille dots that extend and retract arranged in Braille characters such that the Braille dots are operable as a personal computer monitor allowing a blind person to discern the information displayed thereon by reading the Braille characters formed by the extended Braille dots. At least one microelectromechanical device operably connects to the Braille dots such that the Braille dots retract and extend based upon the operation of the microelectromechanical device.

Abstract: An educational method, apparatus, and instructions for improving an individual's ability to identify and express emotions, associate their emotion with needs, and then communicate the emotion and need through blocks having multiple faces. The apparatus comprises at least two sets of blocks and a support structure. A first set of blocks has faces bearing informative indicia identifying various emotions or feelings. A second set of blocks has faces bearing informative indicia which identify various needs. The support structure comprises optional textual material. The method and instructions lead the individual through the process of linking feelings identified through the use of the first set of blocks with needs identified through use of the second set, establishing an association between emotions and needs, and providing a simple verbal framework for identifying, linking, and sharing or describing feelings and needs. The invention can be practiced on a computer.

Abstract: An audio system that may include a flight-worthy electronics package that connects into the airborne electronics of a passenger aircraft, and to that aircraft's passenger system. The audio system may provide passengers with a variety of audio information. The audio information may include a variety of information tailored to phases of the flight plan of the aircraft. Thus, during takeoff, the system may describe the flight plan of the aircraft, whereas during descent, the system may alternately describe the distance to destination and time to destination. Other information that may be described, as desired, may include ground speed, outside air temperature, altitude, time or distance to a point of interest, and points of interest of the area that the aircraft is flying over at any particular moment. The audio system may cause these sequences of descriptions to recite automatically as determined by the preprogramming of the system. Passengers may also be provided with audio destination information.

Abstract: A tactile guidance system and method provides a user with navigational assistance through continuous background communication. This continuous background communication is realized through tactile cueing. By making the direction giving through tactile cues, a user's main attention can focus on visual and auditory cues in the real world, instead of focusing on the direction giving device itself. An electronic compass maintains the orientation of a user. A navigation state is maintained as a combination of orientation, location and destination. A guidance server provides a mapping from a user's current location to directions to a desired destination. Communication links maintain communication between the tactile direction device and the guidance server. The compass, tactile direction device, communication links and guidance server all interact to provide direction information to a user via a tactile surface.

Abstract: A robotic telepresence system has a user station at a first geographic location and a robot at a second geographic location. The user station is responsive to a user and communicates information to and from the user. The robot is coupled to the user station and provides a three dimensional representation of the user transmitted from the user station. The robot senses and communicates predetermined types of information to the user.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the field of Augmentative Communication Technology. The invention addresses the problem of providing a communication device for producing message output reflecting a user's intended message which minimizes the amount of user input required to produce a message. The invention pertains to an augmentative communication system in which user input may specify attributes of a predefined subject of desired communication. Responsive to such input, a system in accordance with the invention may provide to the user a set of predefined messages which are pertinent to the specified subject. From this set of messages the user may specify a message to be produced as output for purposes of communication. Alternatively, the user may alter the specified attributes and receive a different set of predefined messages based on the revised specifications.

Abstract: A navigation system, used for example to navigate visually handicapped people, uses a satellite system such as the GPS system to locate the user via a user held receiver (14). A two-way communication system such as a digital telephone (18) communicates with a central service center (10) at which the user's exact location and navigational information can be determined. There is preferably provided a human-to-human information interface (30). The use of a two-way communication system (18) enables some of the components (20-30) to be kept at a remote and stationary base station (10).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an audio sign adapted to provide an aural message once the sign is tactilely actuated. The invention typically includes a graphical information section, a tactile information section, and a self contained audio section configured to provide aural information once tactilely actuated.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the field of Augmentative Communication Technology. The invention addresses the problem of providing a communication device for producing message output reflecting a user's intended message which minimizes the amount of user input required to produce a message. The invention pertains to an augmentative communication system in which user input may specify attributes of a predefined subject of desired communication. Responsive to such input, a system in accordance with the invention may provide to the user a set of predefined messages which are pertinent to the specified subject. From this set of messages the user may specify a message to be produced as output for purposes of communication. Alternatively, the user may alter the specified attributes and receive a different set of predefined messages based on the revised specifications.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the field of Augmentative Communication Technology. The invention addresses the problem of providing a communication device for producing message output reflecting a user's intended message which minimizes the amount of user input required to produce a message. The invention pertains to an augmentative communication system in which user input may specify attributes of a predefined subject of desired communication. Responsive to such input, a system in accordance with the invention may provide to the user a set of predefined messages which are pertinent to the specified subject. From this set of messages the user may specify a message to be produced as output for purposes of communication. Alternatively, the user may alter the specified attributes and receive a different set of predefined messages based on the revised specifications.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying tactile signals to the user of a vehicle or other machine to indicate the operational status or condition of the vehicle or machine, or a functional part thereof. A cam undergoes rotary movement within a flexible cylindrical wall having a corrugated inner surface, as with ridges of the like. The distal end of the cam contacts the inner surface as the cam rotates. The rotary motion of the cams modulated and regulated in response to output signals associated with operating conditions, for example, fluid pressure, engine speed, oil temperature, transmitted from corresponding sending units. The rotation of the cam causes periodic flexure of displacement of the wall which is palpable to the user. In one embodiment, the rotating cam causes one or more movable plungers to move to-and from in and out of the wall, also resulting in a tactile signal to the user. The cam may be driven by an electric motor which is responsive to the input signals.

Abstract: A Braille cell having a pressure-exerting member in the form of a bar or leaf spring, of which one end can be displaced with the aid of a first displacement mechanism in a direction that is perpendicular to a longitudinal direction. One end of the pressure-exerting member is configured for placement in either a first or second position. In the first position, the pressure-exerting member does not place touch pins in a high position, while in the second position, the pressure-exerting member does place the touch pins in a high position. A second displacement mechanism is configured to displace the end of the pressure-exerting member, after the end has been disposed in one of the first or second positions, in the longitudinal direction, in such a manner that a touch pin is placed or is not placed in the high position. This allows a touch pin to be fixed in the correct position with respect to the touch surface of the touch board in a very simple manner.

Abstract: A reading aid member is formed by fixedly overlaying on a hard substrate a scan guiding plate-like member having substantially the same shape as that of the hard substrate with use of adhesive or the like. The hard substrate has a code pattern recording face on one side, on which two-dimensional code patterns (dot code patterns) are printed so as to be optically read. The scan guiding plate-like member has windows formed at positions corresponding to the printed positions of the code patterns. In reading a code pattern, the distal end portion of a pen-like reading apparatus is positioned in a window. By manually moving the reading apparatus along the window, the reading apparatus can be moved without meandering on the code pattern.

Abstract: A workstation comprising a keyboard for inputting data, a braille reading line having a number of braille cells located side by side, and a first switch device comprising a number of switch elements located side by side, wherein the first switch device is arranged in or parallel to the braille reading line, and wherein the workstation further comprises a second switch device comprising number of switch elements located side by side, wherein the second switch device is arranged in or parallel to the braille reading line, so that the first and the second switch device can each be operated by a visually handicapped person without the orientation of the hand relative to a braille cell of the braille reading line being lost.

Abstract: The problem solving skills development system is used, for example, as a puzzle or game, to develop problem solving or analytical skills in visually impaired individuals. The system includes a supporting board having sliding pieces arranged in a grid, for example, a 4 by 4 grid of 15 sliding pieces and one empty position. The sliding pieces include tactilly recognizable regions that are arranged into a predetermined pattern by sliding and shifting the appropriate pieces. The tactilly recognizable regions can include characters, such as letters that can be arranged to form words or phrases, numbers that can be arranged in numerical order, or any other symbols. Some of the tactilly recognizable regions can also include blank surfaces to make the puzzle easier for individuals at lower ages or abilities. The system preferably includes tactile recognition blocks that have the tactilly recognizable regions and that can be removably engaged with the sliding pieces.

Abstract: A portable reading device for the blind consisting of a miniature housing (2) attached to a sleeve to be fitted over the tip of the user's index finger like a thimble. The housing (2) includes an optical sensor array (5) and an electromagnetic unit for displaying one printed character at a time in Braille on a tactile surface as soon as the user's finger passes over the character. The electromagnetic unit contains six electromagnets (7) for reproducing Braille characters, and two further electromagnets for indicating incorrect tracking to the user. The latter two electromagnets are activated when the blind user's finger moves too far up or down as it runs along a line of text.

Abstract: In order to assist a visually impaired person to generate digital image data in a computer, a plurality of graph components are provided each of which is tactually recognized by the visually impaired person. A touch graph is generated using the graph components on a plate-like member by the visually impaired person. The touch graph is acquired into a computer using an input interface such as a digital still camera. Subsequently, a computer software analyzes the digital image data so as to define each of the graph components and logical relationship between the graph components. The analyzed digital image data is stored in a memory within the computer.

Abstract: An apparatus for educating children with special educational needs about how to set a table includes a mat having emblems thereon indicative of the locations for proper placement of a napkin, a plate, flatware and a drinking vessel. The emblems are each filled-in outlines of the item to be placed thereon and colored a distinctive primary color. Also included is a set of napkin, plate, flatware and a drinking vessel for a child with special educational needs to place on the mat. The napkin, plate, flatware and drinking vessel have colors that match the corresponding color of the emblem therefor on the mat. A teaching criteria manual has instruction for a teacher to guide the student in the process of setting the table by using the matching colors and shapes to appropriately place the napkin, plate, flatware and drinking vessel on the mat.

Abstract: The invention provides implementation of the pedagogic method of the Orton-Gillingham Approach by providing orthographic handwriting recognition, that is recognizing and pedagogically evaluating handwriting. This is done by noting, remediating or rejecting letters constructed by students which are pedagogically nonnormative in appearance, sequence of construction or both, even if the end appearance is clearly recognizable, including the possibility that the letter is perfect in end appearance.

Abstract: A tactile recognition input device is used by a visually impaired individual, for example, to interact with an electronic device, such as a computer. The input device includes a plurality of activation keys movable in a direction generally parallel to the input device and preferably away from the individual to activate the input device and transmit input signals. Each of the activation keys includes a tactilly recognizable region including, for example, a Braille character. A tactile recognition overlay is used with an existing input device, such as a membrane computer keyboard. The overlay includes an overlay member having a plurality of depressible portions that are movable to below the overlay member to activate input regions on the input device. Activation keys are disposed on the overlay member over each of the depressible portions and are movable in the direction generally parallel to the input device.

Abstract: A communication and teaching aid for increasing the communication skills of a nonverbal, speech and/or language impaired individual comprising a collection assembly preferably in the form of a book structure having a plurality of movably mounted pages each of which serves as a support structure for a plurality of demonstration pieces. Informative indicia is formed on an exposed surface of each of the demonstration pieces either in the form of an alpha-numeric display or a pictorial representation with a word or phrase label, wherein the informative indicia is representative of subject related categories of common objects, activities, statements, phrases, questions, answers, etc. A coding system is utilized to identify each of the plurality of demonstration pieces by category so as to facilitate their accessibility and identity when at least one demonstration piece of a given category is desired to be used either by the individual or one communicating with or teaching the individual.

Abstract: Representations of letters of the alphabet have surfaces which have a feel on being touched which are different from the feel of surfaces of other letters. The letters may be presented in a book having a plurality of pages, each page displaying a letter of the alphabet, the surface of the letter having a feel on being touched which is different from the feel of its page and from the feel of other letters. The letters may also have a different appearance from the appearance of other letters. Each letter may have a combination of feel and appearance which is different from the combination of feel and appearance of each of the other letters. The letters may be disposed in a plane which is offset from a plane defined by its page. Each page is preferably split into a first portion which displays the uppercase form of the letter and a second portion which displays the lowercase form of the letter, the first and second portions being capable of being turned independently of one another.

Abstract: A portable electronic device assists persons with learning disabilities and attention deficit disorders in performing daily living tasks. These tasks can include, e.g., making a bed, applying makeup, brushing teeth, getting dressed, and eating a meal, or hundreds of other tasks. The device is designed to allow users to develop a personal schedule of these tasks and special events. It alerts users at predetermined times to perform scheduled tasks and coaches and motivates the user in completing the tasks through text, audio and animation. The user is given a predetermined period of time to complete the task and rewarded with points if the task is completed on time. The device also records the user's performance of tasks and creates a task log of the user's performance over a given period of time.

Abstract: A reading machine for a blind or visually impaired person includes a computer system that causes the computer to load a definition file in accordance with the current word whose definition a user desires the reading machine to read aloud, extract from said definition file text corresponding to at least a first definition contained in said file, and synthesize speech corresponding to the extracted text to permit the definition to be read aloud. The reading machine includes a user input device including a user activated button that produces a signal that causes the computer to enter a definition mode to read a definition of current word being spoken by the reading machine.

Abstract: A memory wire Braille tactile system for continuously replicating a plurality of Braille characters on a single display which is substantially less costly than conventional prior art and allows the user to maintain their level of touch sensitivity. The inventive device includes a housing having an interior portion, a securing member attached near one end of the housing within the interior portion, a first plate attached to the housing opposite of the securing member, a second plate between the first plate and the securing member, a plurality of contactor shafts slidably projecting through the plates, and a plurality of memory wires connected at one end to the securing member and connected to the contactor shafts opposite thereof. A plurality of compression springs are attached to the contactors for forcing the contactors outward from the first plate.

Abstract: A method of conveying information to a nervous system of a person has the steps of disintegrating an initial information into separate streams; coding each of the streams as a sequence of signals; transmitting the signals of each of the streams to separate fixed areas of a tactile sensitivity of a person which areas together form a total information zone; and cyclically changing a function of coding to ensure integration of a perceived information by a person, within limits of the cycle by choosing parameters of the function and a law changing the function in time.

Abstract: A learning apparatus for use with a computer comprising a set of tactile flash cards, each individual card having a tactilely perceptible pattern embossed on a surface of the card and two electrically connected contacts at a unique set of discrete spaced positions on the card with a preselected correspondence between the tactilely perceptible pattern on the surface of the card and the selected positions of the contacts, and a tactile flash card reader capable of sensing the positions of the contacts on a card and controlling the computer.

Abstract: A hand operated tactile device including a tactile body positionable in a hand of a user. The tactile body includes at least one articulated member movable relative to the remainder of the body in a manual operation phase with the user manipulating the articulated member relative to the remainder of the body and in an automatic operation phase with the articulated member being manipulated relative to the remainder of the body and the hand of the user. A control system is carried by the body. The control system receives a first signal from the articulated member when the articulated member is manually manipulated by the user and control system generates a second signal controlling movement of the articulated member to automatically move the articulated member relative to the remainder of the body and the hand of the user.

Abstract: In a braille recognition system according to the present invention, light is obliquely irradiated onto the surface of a document in braille, and its reflected light is received by imaging means, to obtain a gray image. An image corresponding to a pattern of projected points on the document in braille is obtained on the basis of the obtained gray image. An image is then cut in braille units from the image corresponding to the pattern of projected points. A braille code is generated for each cut image in the braille unit.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the field of Augmentative Communication Technology. The invention addresses the problem of providing a communication device for producing message output reflecting a user's intended message which minimizes the amount of user input required to produce a message. The invention pertains to an augmentative communication system in which user input may specify attributes of a predefined subject of desired communication. Responsive to such input, a system in accordance with the invention may provide to the user a set of predefined messages which are pertinent to the specified subject. From this set of messages the user may specify a message to be produced as output for purposes of communication. Alternatively, the user may alter the specified attributes and receive a different set of predefined messages based on the revised specifications.

Abstract: pe1A dynamic keyboard includes a plurality of keys, each with an associated symbol, which are dynamically redefinable to provide access to higher level keyboards. Based on sequenced symbols of keys sequentially activated, certain dynamic categories and subcategories can be accessed and keys corresponding thereto dynamically redefined. Dynamically redefined keys can include embellished symbols and/or newly displayed symbols. These dynamically redefined keys can then provide the user with the ability to easily access both core and fringe vocabulary words in a speech synthesis system.

Abstract: The guidance system of the invention includes at least two spaced, permanently magnetized regions that each produce a magnetic field. The two permanently magnetized regions can be provided at either side of another region that produces a magnetic field of less intensity than the permanently magnetized regions, and in one embodiment, the former region produces no magnetic field. The system may also include portable means for detecting the magnetic fields produced by the permanently magnetized regions, and that sensor may be mounted to a cane for use by a person. In another embodiment, the permanently magnetized regions contrast with either each other or the region that produces a magnetic field of less intensity, or have different surface characteristics, or both.

Abstract: A braille teaching tool that audibly pronounces each braille character as it is touched by the student is comprised of a touch pad having a rectangular matrix of touch sensitive areas each connected to a processor with memory for identifying each sensitive area of each sheet of braille placed on the touch pad. The processor is coupled to a speech synthesizer for pronouncing the braille character.

Abstract: In continuous sign language recognition, reference sign language patterns of good quality are generated. Continuous sign language patterns and reference sign language patterns are efficiently compressed. The compressed continuous sign language patterns are sequentially and directly matched with the compressed reference sign language patterns to recognize the sign language at high speed and with high precision. A reference sign pattern generating unit generates a reference sign language pattern by normalizing sample patterns while taking into consideration of their nonlinear compression/expansion and by calculating an average of the sample patterns. A continuous sign language recognition unit recognizes a continuous sign language at high speed by sequentially matching the continuous sign language of time sequential patterns with reference sign language patterns while allowing nonlinear expansion and compression in the time domain.

Abstract: An information management device is provided which is capable of performing a flexible search of input information, without the need to attach user-specified keywords or search information and without the need of pre-processing of the input information such as character matching processing, natural language processing, statistical processing and recognition processing.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an audio sign adapted to provide an aural message once the sign is tactilely actuated. The invention typically includes a graphical information section, a tactile information section, and a self contained audio section configured to provide aural information once tactilely actuated.

Abstract: The invention relates to an orientation aid for visually impaired and particularly blind persons. In this connection, at least one signal device (5, 6) for the indicating of a change in the direction of walking is associated with a memory (7) for the storing of a selectable direction of walking.

Abstract: A learning and assessment aid (10) for helping visually impaired individuals develop desirable ambulatory motion habits. The learning aid includes a housing (14) designed to be attached to an article of clothing worn by the individual. Internal to the housing is an inertial transducer (16) that monitors the rotation of the housing and the individual. The individual enters commands to the learning aid through a keypad (20) in response to audible instructions generated over a speaker (22). To foster desirable turning motions, the learning aid informs of the extent to which the individual turns. To foster straight-line walking, the learning aid generates a message over the speaker whenever the individual rotates more than a pre-set individual-entered maximum veer.

Abstract: An audio-book player includes a member capable of indicating to a blind person that a recording medium is loaded in or unloaded from the body proper. The audio-book player, which reproduces written data recorded on a recording medium as voice, includes a body proper into which the recording medium can be unloadably loaded and a member for identifying a loading state, in which the recording medium is loaded in the body proper, and an unloading state, in which the recording medium is unloaded therefrom. With this structure, the identifying member identifies the states by changing its tactile impression, so that blind persons can understand the states wherein recording medium is loaded in or unloaded from the body proper.