Abstract: A teaching tool and method for teaching anatomy including a model having thereon at least one representation of an anatomical part and a template having therein an aperture that approximates the shape of the anatomical part. The template is superimposed on the model such that the anatomical part is visible through the aperture in the template. Preferably, the template includes indicia thereon describing the name and function of the anatomical part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a disposable, life-like module for use in training physicians and surgeons in the techniques of both human and veterinary microsurgical anastomosis. The module comprises a housing defining a cavity. A pair of spaced apart connectors are connected to the housing and extend therethrough. Each of the connectors includes a bore defining an internal channel for allowing the movement of a fluid through the housing. Each of the channels includes a first end external of the cavity adapted to be in fluid communication with a reservoir and a second end internal of the cavity. A first layer simulates muscle tissue and spans the cavity. An elongate simulated vascular or neurovascular bundle having proximal ends and distal ends spans the chamber and is connected to the respective second connector ends. A pump pumps a fluid simulated blood through a fluid circuit and an optional controller provides pulsatile flow.

Abstract: A game and method of playing it to simulate a minimally invasive surgical procedure. The game comprises, a base member over which a transparent domed cover having a pair of openings is located. The cover defines a work space thereunder. The base member includes a graphic likeness of a being, e.g., a woman at the bottom of the work space. A plurality of anatomic parts shaped to simulate internal organs of the being are located in respective cavities at anatomically appropriate places on the graphic likeness. A lifting instrument simulating a conventional laparoscopic instrument is provided to be extended through one opening in the cover to grasp and lift the anatomic part out of its cavity without touching the cavity with the instrument, else a lamp on the base member is automatically illuminated and a buzzer sounds.

Abstract: The present invention is a material and method of making the material that exhibits improved radiation attenuation simulation of real lungs, i.e., an "authentic lung tissue" or ALT phantom.Specifically, the ALT phantom is a two-part polyurethane medium density foam mixed with calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate if needed for K-40 background, lanthanum nitrate, acetone, and a nitrate or chloride form of a radionuclide. This formulation is found to closely match chemical composition and linear attenuation of real lungs.The ALT phantom material is made according to established procedures but without adding foaming agents or preparing thixotropic concentrate and with a modification for ensuring uniformity of density of the ALT phantom that is necessary for accurate simulation. The modification is that the polyurethane chemicals are mixed at a low temperature prior to pouring the polyurethane mixture into the mold.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided which includes a display for displaying at least part of a spine including a plurality of vertebrae and for displaying a plurality of organs and a nerve system. The organs and nerve system are physiologically associated with the vertebrae. The display includes a light penetrable support on which the vertebrae and organs are displayed. A plurality of light generating devices are employed for selectively illuminating respective of the vertebrae and organs. There are provided a plurality of control switches which are connected in a circuit to the light generating devices for the illumination of the vertebrae and organs as well as the nervous system. An electronic computer is coupled to the control switches and to the circuit and is responsive to the control switches for the selection and automatic sequencing of illumination of light generating devices to create movies.

Abstract: A training apparatus (10) for the practice of puncturing blood vessels includes a model arm and an air-tight, liquid-tight compressible liquid container (19) and a two-way pressure threshold valve for transferring liquid between the container and the model arm. The model arm includes a core (14) of a solid material, a tight-fitting cover (32) of a penetrable material and at least one penetrable tube (31) provided between the core (14) and the cover (32), one end of the tube being connected to the liquid container (19) and the other end being sealed. The liquid container (19) is integrated into the model arm and disposed in such a manner so as to allow it to be compressed by establishing a pressure on a part of the surface of the model arm.

Abstract: An anatomical model for the testing or demonstration of an intravascular device such as guidewires and dilatation catheters for angioplasty procedures. The model has a plurality of interconnecting passageways simulating the abdominal aorta and a renal artery as well as the left and right iliac and femoral arteries with one or more entry ports therein for the introduction and advancement of intravascular devices into the interconnected passageways.

Abstract: A manikin can be used to demonstrate the diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax. A doll in the form of an infant has a ribcage placed in the thoracic cavity, and a balloon is received on one side and a dark filler is on the other. The balloon side will transilluminate as in an infant with pneumothorax to demonstrate the diagnosis; and, needle thoracentesis can be performed to deflate the balloon and to demonstrate the treatment. The ribcage provides realism in requiring accuracy in insertion of the needle between the ribs.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for training physicians and technicians to locate stones found in simulated human body organs, principally simulated biliary and renal calculi, and then actually fragment these calculi using ESWL. A reusable semi-anthropomorphic phantom comprises an opaque liver tissue-equivalent mass having anatomically correct simulated organ cavities associated with the midsection of a human body, principally the gall bladder and the kidney. Channels lead from the exterior of the phantom to the simulated organs. A concrement is introduced into at least one simulated organ, the channels and simulated organs are filled with a fluid-like substance, and the channels are closed with plugs. A trainee then utilizes an ultrasound or X-ray locating device to examine the phantom until the concrements are located. The coordinates of the located concrements are then utilized with a concrement destroying apparatus such as an extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter (ESWL).

Abstract: A cardiac mapping system simulator comprising a microprocessor for simulating the electrical signal propagation of a heartbeat as it moves across the surface of a heart. A series of impulses that mimic the electrophysiological waveform are generated forming a two-dimensional map depicting heart activity. The series of pulses are generated in accordance with predetermined patterns and applied to the inputs of a cardiac mapping system or electrophysiology (E.P.) lab equipment in order to assess the operating condition of the cardiac mapping system or E.P. lab equipment prior to use on patients.

Abstract: A manikin with a disposable lung is used as a tool for teaching cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The manikin includes a head, chest, disposable lung, and compression device. The head includes a "mouth" opening to receive air blown into it by a user, and the chest is removably connected to the head. The disposable lung is removably connected to the head in communication with the mouth opening. The compression device preferably is a resilient dowel like member which extends vertically through the manikin chest, having a stop which positively prevents resilient compression of more than a certain amount.

Abstract: A model for the demonstration of the human organ system, including organs of the digestive system. The model includes a foldable support surface having the shape of a human silhouette. An abdominal tray is attached to the mid-section of the support surface and a first group of elements representative of human organs is housed within the abdominal tray. In an adult embodiment of the model, the first group of elements includes elements representing a human liver, pancreas, gall bladder and associated ducts. A second group of elements is partially housed within the abdominal tray and is removable. The second group, as provided in the adult embodiment of the model, includes elements representing a human esophagus, stomach, greater omentum, small intestine, mesentery, appendix, large intestine and rectum. Both the first and second groups of elements are substantially comprised of a flexible material such as a color-coded calico, cotton cloth. Ducts may be comprised of color-coded chenille stems.

Abstract: A medical investigative system in which a person interacts with the system to interject information that is utilized by the system to establish non-restricted environmental modeling of the realities of surrogate conditions to be encountered with invasive or semi-invasive procedures. This is accomplished by video display of simulated internal conditions that appear life-like, as well as by display of monitor data including, for example, blood pressure, respiration, heart beat rate and the like.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for documenting the findings of a physical examination. A group of pre-printed stickers are provided having an anatomical designation (either graphic or text) on the front surface of the sticker and an adhesive and peel-off back sheet on the rear of the sticker. The stickers are positioned in a dispenser with at least a portion of the anatomical designation visible from the sticker to facilitate selection of the desired stickers during the examination. The physician or patient can mark directly on the sticker to indicate the location, size and shape of any abnormality, and the back sheet is then removed and the sticker attached directly onto the patient's progress report. The system is an inexpensive method for fully documenting all findings from an examination in a minimum period of time and provides a permanent record which facilitates retrieval of the desired information from the report and minimizes the volume of patient records.

Abstract: An educational amusement apparatus forms a large building structure having an external appearance simulating a man and a woman resting partially under a blanket, wherein riders are taken through a succession of cavities that simulate internal organs of the man and woman. Entrance to a head chamber simulating an oral cavity is achieved by a stairway supported by a simulated arm of the man, the oral cavity having displays of teeth in normal and abnormal conditions, and serving as a staging area for a train to carry the riders.

Abstract: A protective pad for use by a patient during post-operative recovery from open heart surgery comprising a heart-shaped body having a cover made from a substantially dimensionally stable sheet material and a filler comprising a soft stuffing material filling said cover. The front surface of the pad has a diagram of the major coronary arteries which may be marked to indicate areas affected by the surgery.

Abstract: A stuffed toy animal has an abdominal cavity which is covered by a flap. The flap may be secured in a closed position through the use of a zipper or by VELCRO fasteners. Stuffed fabric internal organs are removably received in the abdominal cavity. These stuffed organs are retained in anatomically correct positions through the use of cooperating VECRO fasteners. VELCRO fasteners are also provided on the exterior surface of the abdominal flap for displaying the various stuffed organs in anatomically correct relative positions for educational purposes. In a second embodiment, the abdominal flap is reversible, having one side imprinted with indicia, designating the anatomically correct locations of the various organs. The flap has one surface which matches the exterior surface of the fabric covering on the remainder of the stuffed toy animal. The other surface of the flap is provided with the organ location indicia and with VELCRO fasteners for cooperation with VELCRO fasteners on each organ.

Abstract: A teaching aid is provided to enable medical students to practice various surgical techniques. The teaching aid comprises a multi-compartment tray, with the various compartments being devoted to teaching one or more distinct surgical techniques. A plurality of the compartments may comprise simulated tissues removably and replaceably mounted therein, such as simulated skin tissue, simulated blood vessels, simulated intestinal tissue and/or simulated tendons or nerves. Other compartments of the teaching aid may comprise hooks about which knot tying techniques may be practiced. Still other compartments may comprise simulated tissues that must be tensioned prior to suturing.

Abstract: A training mannequin which exhibits many of the tactile sensations of a real human body to a student. The mannequin includes an anatomically correct human skeleton including a skull, a jawbone and a spinal column which together define a throat cavity. An anatomically correct larynx and its associated trachea are disposed in the throat cavity. A plastic skin covers the mannequin and a plastic packing material is utilized between the skin covering and the skeleton. An inflatable member is disposed in a chest cavity defined by ribs and the spinal column of the skeleton. The inflatable member substantially fills the chest cavity when inflated. An air pump is in fluid communication with the inflatable member to inflate the inflatable member. A student can insert a sharp instrument, such as a needle, through the skin and into the larynx, or between the ribs and into the inflatable member to deflate the member.

Abstract: A training wear usable for students in Oriental medicine school has a number of cure target points printed thereon which are distributed over the whole area of the wear at the position which is specifically determined in accordance with teachings of Oriental medicine. The name of each of the cure target points is placed at the position in the proximity of them. When the wear is put on a student, it is necessary that vertically extending center lines on both the fore and rear surfaces thereof are correctly aligned with a backbone. Each of the cure target points is identified by a target mark in the form of a small circle or a dot.

Abstract: A medical simulator for enabling demonstration, trial and test of insertion of torqueable elongated members into small body passages that branch from main passages is disclosed. Such torqueable members may be guide wires or catheters which are constructed to cause the distal tip to turn or twist in response to a corresponding motion applied by the operator to a proximal portion of the device.

Abstract: A modeling arrangement for an anatomical organ is provided with a plurality of substructure models corresponding to predetermined substructures of the anatomical organ. Such substructures may include representations of organs, volumes, vessels, and fluids which assume predetermined shapes with the anatomical organ being modeled. The arrangement is provided with one or more members which define the surface of the anatomical organ being modeled; the members being couplable to a base member. Preferably, all of the members, including the base member, which support the substructures are formed of a transparent material, preferably one of the type marketed under the Plexiglas trademark. The modeling arrangement may be used in conjunction with written instructions to form a self-learning system which is particularly useful for students of anatomy. In one highly advantageous embodiment of the invention, a biological brain, particularly the fore-brain portion, is represented by the inventive modeling scheme.

Abstract: In a heart display system a computer is operable to simulate different selected hearts, each with a different pattern of electrophysiological pathways, which conduct waves of depolarization. The computer determines the conduction in the pattern of pathways of a selected heart in accordance with selected parameters and inputs provided by the operator. In simulating the heart, the computer determines whether a depolarization wave proceeds from one pathway segment to an adjacent segment by examining whether the adjacent segment is polarized or depolarized and determines that the depolarization wave proceeds only if the adjacent segment is polarized. The operation of the simulated heart is displayed by showing an animation of the conduction of the depolarization waves in the pattern of electrophysiological pathways of the selected heart, by an ECG, and by a ladder diagram.

Abstract: An apparatus for demonstrating and teaching the application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to a human or animal body includes a representation of such body with receptors thereon at different sites thereof corresponding to treatment sites of different pains which could afflict the body, electronic circuits capable of visually indicating locations of pain when switched on, and electronic circuits for visually showing paths of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the body representation when a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator is connected to the receptors and is activated. When the correct receptors are connected to T.E.N.S. unit for the treatment of a particular visually indicated pain and the T.E.N.S. unit is turned on the indication of the pain is cancelled. Also disclosed are apparatuses with which the electrical stimulator employed is of a type other than a T.E.N.S. unit, such as bone growth and muscle stimulators.

Abstract: In the interior of a human-like dummy and at a suitable port, there is located a support or similar element which will act as the support element for a live-scale model of a region of the digestive system, advantageously comprising the esophagus, the stomach, duodenum and initiation of the jejunum, made from a material which insures imitation both in shape and in color, texture and anatamy of a human digestive system. The device is surrounded at diverse levels by a series of conducting elements, joined together by means of an electric cable whose end is joined to a terminal of an aural alarm, while the opposite terminal of the alarm is joined to a second electric conductor which will follow the complete digestive system. The conductor is fixed by an indefinite number of contacts which surround the digestive system at zones located below the conducting bridges, each one of which will incorporate adjustable contact screws which will facilitate the adjustment thereof.

Abstract: A hollow body is in the shape of a tracheobronchial tree having a plurality of segments. The hollow body is supported in a carrying container so as to be hidden from view while having its entrance opening disposed to receive a bronchoscope operated by a trainee. The hollow body has forty openings at various locations for various segments of the tree with each opening having one end of a fiber optic bundle disposed therein. The other end of each of the fiber optic bundles is supported in an opening in a backing plate. A photographic print of a drawing of a tracheobronchial tree having the same segments as the model is secured to the upper surface of the backing plate. Each of the openings in the backing plate is aligned with an opening in the print so that a light from the probe of the bronchoscope illuminates the same segment of the tracheobronchial tree of the print as the segment of the hollow body having the probe of the bronchoscope inserted therein.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided which is divided into two frames. On one frame is pictured a human body with the spinal column thereof formed of a plurality of vertebrae. The human body displayed also includes a plurality of organs and the like which are associated, according to Gray's Anatomy, with the various vertebrae. Push-button controls are positionally related to the vertebrae and when operated could cause an illumination of the related organs. A further series of push-button controls are provided in order that the organs can be separately illuminated as desired. Arrangement is made so that the illumination can be steady state or pulsating fashion selectively. On the second of the aforesaid frames is visually displayed a set of front and rear views of the human body and the related musculature. Push button controls are arranged for the illumination of the various muscles. These latter push-button controls are coupled to one of the aforesaid sets of controls for interaction therewith.

Abstract: A rag-type doll is provided with a hollow body cavity accessible by means of a zipper-closed opening located in the front of the doll. A simulated rib cage is located in the upper portion of the body cavity and simulated, stuffed replicas of the major body organs are located within the cavity. The various organs are located in their approximately correct position within the body cavity and secured to the body cavity and/or each other by means of snap fasteners or the like. The organs are completely removable from the body cavity for instructional purposes. A small bone is also removably located in a pocket in one arm for instructional purposes.