Abstract: A monitoring system can be configured to monitor activities or actions occurring in clinical settings, such as hospitals. The monitoring system can improve patient safety. The system can use visual and/or other tracking methods. The system can detect and/or identify people in a clinical setting. The system can also track activities of the people, for example, to improve adherence to hygiene protocols.

Abstract: Systems and methods for interactively engaging consumers of a media asset are disclosed. The methods allow selection and personalization of a media asset character's name, voice, or dialogue while the media asset is being consumed. The personalization may be propagated through the entire media asset or additionally to other episodes, sequels, and related media assets by identifying and replacing associated metatags. The system determines whether the media asset is being consumed as a group watch where its members are consuming the media asset from different IP addresses or being consumed by viewers in the same room to determine the type of changes allowed. The methods also present queries to engage the viewer, such as by the character asking them a question, and provide supplemental videos to aid in responding to the queries. The responses to queries may also determine the path a story takes in the media asset.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for classifying a multi-channel user data set to a program category configuring the processor to receive user data by displaying a graphical user interface, the graphical user interface having at least a user input field, receiving, at the user input field, a first element of user data and capture, using a sensor, a second element of user data, wherein the second element of user data indicates a current user state, determine a user compatibility with a plurality of program category admission requirements as a function of user data utilizing a machine-learning model, wherein generating the machine-learning model comprises receiving training data, wherein the training data comprises user data inputs correlated to user compatibility outputs and determining, using the machine-learning model, as a function of the user data, the user compatibility with program category admission requirements, generate program category data for a user as a function of user data and user compatibility and gene

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for an interactive crochet kit and tutorials thereof is disclosed herein. In one example, a kit for making a crochet piece, the kit includes a length of yarn, a first end of the yarn formed into a pre-started piece, the pre-started piece including a plurality of crochet stitches. The kit also includes at least one stitch marker in at least one of the crochet stitches and a knot to prevent unraveling of the pre-started piece. The kit also includes an article including (i) a link to an electronic address with instructions for forming the crochet piece using the length of yarn and the pre-started piece, and (ii) a code for accessing the instructions.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to a dynamic virtual reality (VR) coaching computing platform. The dynamic VR coaching computing platform may configure a VR coaching model based on model training data. The dynamic VR coaching computing platform may use the VR coaching model and a user profile to select a plurality of VR modules. The dynamic VR coaching computing platform may configure a first VR module of the plurality of VR modules based on one or more user selections. The dynamic VR coaching computing platform may receive real-time feedback during execution of the first VR module. The dynamic VR coaching computing platform may select a second plurality of VR modules based on the first real-time feedback. The dynamic VR coaching computing platform may configure a second VR module of the second plurality of VR modules based on user selections.

Abstract: A video data obtaining method comprises: deploying at least two simulators, each of the at least two simulators being used to simulate operation of one mobile terminal; sending video access requests to a server respectively by means of the at least two simulators; and respectively receiving, by means of the at least two simulators, video data returned by the server according to the corresponding video access requests. During the respectively receiving, by means of the at least two simulators, video data returned by the server according to the corresponding video access requests, the obtaining method further comprises: intercepting the video data returned by the server according to the corresponding video access requests, and storing the intercepted video data in a set database.

Abstract: A system for encouraging a child to learn to read, comprising a computing device and at least one physical manipulative, wherein the computing device can identify the physical manipulative and display at least one word relating to the physical manipulative. In an embodiment, a letter identification board with letter manipulatives is included, wherein a child can spell out a word on the letter identification board and the computing device shows an animation of the physical manipulative performing the action indicated by the word.

Abstract: Systems and methods for training firefighters and other first responders are provided. The systems include a plurality of sensors configured to detect at least one ambient condition, such as, temperature; a receiver configured to receive the electric signals from the plurality of sensors; and a digital storage device operatively connected to the receiver and adapted to store the electrical signals corresponding to the detected ambient conditions. The data detected by the sensors can be retrieved for later review, analysis, and training. The systems may include at least one video recorder and/or at least one infrared image recorder each configured to detect images that can be stored for later retrieval and a synchronizing device adapted to synchronize the sensor data with the recorded images for later review. Methods of implementing the systems and portable cases enclosing the system are also provided.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an interactive streaming application plays back a media title via a client device. In operation, while a client device plays back a first chunk of the media title, the interactive streaming application determines a first movement of an internet of things (“IoT”) device. The interactive streaming application then determines, from multiple target states, a target state that is associated with the first movement. Based on the target state, the interactive streaming application determines that a second chunk of the media title should be a next chunk of the media title that is streamed to the client device for playback. The interactive streaming application then causes the second chunk of the media title to be streamed to the client device. Advantageously, the interactive streaming application can automatically personalize the playback of the media title for a user based, at least in part, on movements of the IoT device.

Abstract: A system, device, and wireless computer technology-implemented method for providing hearing healthcare education and communication for a patient, his/her communication partner, and a hearing care provider. The system provides the patient at least one educational and experiential module and a method for assessing the patient's comprehension of the module's lessons. The system further provides the patient with a method to select personal hearing aid and communication goals; a method to evaluate his/her progress on achieving each personal goal; and a method to report his/her hearing experiences. The system further provides a method to compare data reported by the patient to personalized thresholds. When one or more of the patient's reports do not meet the thresholds, the system sends automated alerts to the hearing care provider to encourage prompt remedial action and sends automated reminders to the patient to improve the patient's ability to achieve his/her personal goals.

Abstract: An electronic device that includes one or more input sensor devices, one or more output devices, one or more computer processors and a memory containing computer program code that, when executed by operation of the one or more computer processors, performs an operation. The operation includes collecting information, using one or more input sensor devices, about the plurality of users within a physical environment. The operation includes analyzing the collected information to determine a present situational context for the plurality of users that are currently present within the physical environment. An action to perform is determined based on the determined present situational context. The determined action is executed using the one or more output devices.

Abstract: A method for assessing learning comprehension regarding a topic includes modifying a fundamental illustrative model to illustrate a first set of assessment assets of a first learning object of learning objects to produce a first assessment illustrative model. The fundamental illustrative model is based on illustrative assets of a lesson that includes the learning objects. The method further includes obtaining a first assessment response for the first assessment illustrative model. When the first assessment response is favorable, the method further includes modifying the fundamental illustrative model to illustrate a second set of assessment assets of a second learning object of the learning objects to produce a second assessment illustrative model and obtaining a second assessment response for the second assessment illustrative model.

Abstract: Customer support, and other types of activities in which there is a dialogue between two humans can generate large volumes of conversation records. Automated analysis of these records can provide information about high-level features of, for example, the workings of a customer service department. Analysis of these conversations between a customer and a customer-support agent may also allow identification of customer support activities that can be provided by virtual agents instead of actual human agents. The analysis may evaluate conversations in terms of complexity, duration, and sentiment of the participants. Additionally, the conversations may also be analyzed to identify the existence of selected concepts or keywords. Workflow characteristics, the extent to which the conversation represents a multi-step process intended to accomplish a task, may also be determined for the conversations.

Abstract: In some implementations, one or more computers provide data for an application configured to provide interactive content personalized for a user of a mobile device. The one or more computers obtain activity data for the user for a current segment of the program. The activity data can include interaction data indicating one or more interactions of the user with the application during the current segment and sensor data indicating one or more measurements separate from user input to the application. The one or more computers identify a subset of content for the current segment based data indicating on a current track or level assigned for the user. The one or more computers cause a selected portion of the content in the subset to be presented on the mobile device in response to a determination, based at least in part on the sensor data for the current segment, that one or more triggers or conditions defined by rules associated with the current track or level are satisfied.

Abstract: This disclosure presents systems and methods to facilitate artificial intelligence communications. One or more sensors may be configured to generate output signals conveying user behavior information and/or other information. The user behavior information may represent one or more communicative behaviors of a user in a real world. The one or more communicative behaviors may be interpreted based on communication structures of the one or more communicative behaviors to determine a meaning of a message conveyed by the one or more communicative behaviors. The communication structures may be categorized by structure type. The structure types may include one or more of a verbal type communication structure and/or a non-verbal type communication structure. Verbal type communication structure may refer to the conveyance of words via speech and/or non-speech communications. Non-verbal communication structure may refer to the conveyance of one or more of feelings, emotions, and/or impressions.

Abstract: A playback method of infrared remote control audiovisual device comprises: utilizing a display interface and an audio output interface to output frames and an audio signal of a video; utilizing an infrared sensor to receive a first indication signal; pausing a playback of the display interface and an output of the audio output interface according to the first indication signal, so that the display interface displays a paused frame; utilizing the infrared sensor to receive a second indication signal; determining a target character pattern of a target block in the paused frame according to the second indication signal; extracting a determined audio track corresponding to the target character pattern from the audio signal according to a relation between the pre-processed character feature sets and pre-processed audio tracks; controlling the display interface to resume the playback and controlling the audio output interface to output the determined audio track.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a controller. The controller performs a speech word analysis based on the voice of a user after performing a first voice output request. The controller estimates a comprehension level of the user, based on information linked to a word stored in the memory and a result of the speech word analysis, and then performs a second voice output request in accordance with the comprehension level of the user. When the mobile terminal configured to output the first voice and the second voice is mounted on a charging stand, the controller may perform the speech word analysis, estimate the comprehension level, and perform the second voice output request.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided herein for providing a storyline based media content. At least two storylines may be identified, each storyline specifying an order of providing a plurality of episodes from a plurality of interrelated series. Identifiers of the plurality of episodes are displayed. Then identifiers of a first set of the plurality of episodes that are relevant to the first storyline are graphically modified to indicate relevance to the first storyline. Identifiers of a second set of the plurality of episodes that are relevant to the second storyline are also graphically modified to indicate relevance to the second storyline. A first and second storyline identifier are generating for display to enable storyline selection. The interrelated series are then provided to a user device in the order specified by the selected storyline.

Abstract: A method for managing a language speaking lesson on a network is implemented through the steps of: receiving, by a management server, a request for registering a voice recording task of a learner from an instructor terminal; receiving, by the management server, voice recording data from a terminal of a learner who has confirmed the voice recording task; and receiving, by the management server, recording data for pronunciation correction of the voice recording data from the instructor terminal. By this method, the learner may be sufficiently given an opportunity to practice speaking a foreign language in a course of performing the voice recording task. In addition, the learner may repeatedly listen to the recording data for pronunciation correction directly recorded by the instructor for his or her foreign language pronunciation.

Abstract: A system is provided for interpreting conversation profile records and generating sales task. The system includes a data store having a plurality of data items including conversation profile data and consumer product data and a resource management module configured to evaluate the data items and create a plurality of sales representative tasks and assign to each task at least one of a customer, a product, a sales representative, at least one action plan queue, and a priority level according to the evaluation. The evaluation of the data items can include identifying patterns between the data items.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing driver situational awareness recovery training in a virtual reality environment are disclosed. According to some aspects, a virtual reality driving simulation may be determined based on one or more input parameters. The virtual reality driving simulation may include: i) an autonomous vehicle for executing a transition from a first level of vehicle control to a second level of vehicle control, and (ii) a driving scenario for the user to practice situational awareness recovery in response to the transition. The first level requires an automated driving system to monitor the driving environment and control the autonomous vehicle, and the second level requires a human driver to monitor the driving environment and control the autonomous vehicle. While the virtual reality driving simulation is rendered, user performance data may be recorded. Based on an analysis of the user performance data, a driving competency score may be determined.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method and system for improving digital content recommendations of a presentation is provided. The method comprises determining one or more knowledge areas covered by the presentation stored in a database; determining an audience proficiency level in the one or more knowledge areas based on audience data stored in the database; estimating a knowledge gap from the audience proficiency level and the presentation; and automatically generating a recommendation based, at least in part, on the knowledge gap.

Abstract: In some implementations, one or more computers provide data for an application configured to provide interactive content personalized for a user of a mobile device. The one or more computers obtain activity data for the user for a current segment of the program. The activity data can include interaction data indicating one or more interactions of the user with the application during the current segment and sensor data indicating one or more measurements separate from user input to the application. The one or more computers identify a subset of content for the current segment based data indicating on a current track or level assigned for the user. The one or more computers cause a selected portion of the content in the subset to be presented on the mobile device in response to a determination, based at least in part on the sensor data for the current segment, that one or more triggers or conditions defined by rules associated with the current track or level are satisfied.

Abstract: A system and method for assisted-learning with a portable computing device that includes a color detection mode and a game mode.

Abstract: Embodiments describe an approach for improving learning techniques based on a virtual augmented reality learning platform, comprising generating one or more augmented reality learning memories of one or more instructors teaching a task to one or more instructees. Creating ranking scores for the one or more augmented reality memories based on learning effectiveness of the one or more instructees. Incorporating a portion of the one or more augmented reality memories into a virtual augmented reality learning platform based on the ranking scores, and sharing the virtual augmented reality learning platform with the one or more instructees not associated with the portion of the one or more augmented reality memories.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products controlling navigation of a visual aid during a presentation are provided. An example method includes monitoring, speech of an individual during the presentation. Evaluating one or more verbal and visual cues indicative of an end of a slide of a plurality of slides of the visual aid. Predicting a probability of changing the slide to a next slide of the plurality of slides in a predetermined amount of time, in which the probability is predicted based, at least in part, on the evaluated one or more verbal and visual cues. Displaying the next slide at the predetermined amount of time from the predicting.

Abstract: The invention provides a classroom cognitive load detection system belonging to the field of education informationization, which includes the following. A task completion feature collecting module records an answer response time and a correct answer rate of a student when completing a task. A cognitive load self-assessment collecting module quantifies and analyzes a mental effort and a task subjective difficulty by a rating scale. An expression and attention feature collecting module collects a student classroom performance video to obtain a face region through a face detection and counting a smiley face duration and a watching duration of the student according to a video analysis result. A feature fusion module fuses aforesaid six indexes into a characteristic vector. A cognitive load determining module inputs the characteristic vector to a classifier to identify a classroom cognitive load level of the student.

Abstract: An internet service provider (ISP) is configured to provide notification messages such as service updates to subscribers via redirected web pages. In order for the web pages to be treated as originating from the ISP, the ISP provides a shared secret in the browser message. The shared secret may be a secret not derivable by viruses or trojans in the subscriber computer, such as a MAC address of the subscriber modem.

Abstract: A multi-page illustrated and written book printed on synthetic paper with an electronics module that can record sounds through one or more microphones to solid-state, digital memory and playback pre-recorded or user recorded audio data from the digital memory device through one or more speakers is disclosed. The book may include one or more of the following either on the front or back cover or on any of the plurality of pages inside the book: mirror, signature page, pocket page, or high-contract geometric patterns.

Abstract: An image display system including a display control device and terminals is provided. Each of the terminals includes a processor configured to: extract, from a photograph photographed for a specific period, an image representing a code for identifying a material stored in a server; and obtain the code by decoding the image, and a receiver configured to obtain a material from the server based on the code obtained. The display control device includes a controller configured to control the display to display the image. In a first terminal of the terminals, the specific period is a first period. In a second terminal of the terminals, the specific period is a second period. The controller controls the display to display a particular image as the image for the first period. The particular image represents, as the code, a code for identifying a particular material.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for providing a digital flash card function in electronic devices. In an embodiment, a digital flash card includes a word or phrase along with the definition of the word or phrase pulled automatically from a glossary or dictionary. The digital flash card may be created through an options menu after selecting a word or phrase, automatically whenever a word or phrase is highlighted by the user, or whenever a word or phrase is looked up. Once the flash cards have been created, they may be organized into various folders or stacks, and in some cases the flash cards may automatically be organized based on the source of the selected word or phrase. Once one or more flash cards have been created, the user may view flash cards, flip them over to view the opposite side, and scroll through the flash cards using various touch screen gestures.

Abstract: A video distribution device includes: an acquisition unit for acquiring multiple videos of the same object shot from different angles; a storage unit for associating a still image for a predetermined duration of time extracted from each of the multiple videos with information indicating an angle at which the corresponding video is shot, and storing the associated still image in a chronological order; a reception unit for receiving an angle for viewing the object designated via an information processing terminal; and a control unit for performing a control in which each time the reception unit receives the designated angle, a still image corresponding to the angle is obtained from the storage unit, and the still image corresponding to the angle is transmitted to the information processing terminal in the chronological order where the still image is stored.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for providing a learning aid using pictorial mnemonics. The method can include receiving a first input including a selection of a content topic. The method further includes displaying a first pictorial mnemonic associated with the selected topic, wherein the first pictorial mnemonic comprises one or more sub-images, and a list of one or more attributes, wherein each attribute is associated with a corresponding sub-image.

Abstract: Provided are a display device and a program which allow a user to intuitively recognize a connection and a breathing timing between respective notes. A CPU (11) generates a guide image, based on information about a sound-producing timing and a sound length of each note, which are included in a guide melody track. The CPU (11) smoothly connects respective notes. Thereafter, the CPU (11) disconnects the notes at the breathing timing indicated in a breath position track.

Abstract: A learning system for a text-to-text application such as a machine translation system. The system has questions, and a matrix of correct answers to those questions. Any of the many different correct answers within the matrix can be considered as perfectly correct answers to the question. The system operates by displaying a question, which may be a phrase to be translated, and obtaining an answer to the question from the user. The answer is compared against the matrix and scored. Feedback may also be provided to the user.

Abstract: A method and system for description of synthetic audiovisual content makes it easier for humans, software components or devices to identify, manage, categorize, search, browse and retrieve such content. For instance, a user may wish to search for specific synthetic audiovisual objects in digital libraries, Internet web sites or broadcast media; such a search is enabled by the invention. Key characteristics of synthetic audiovisual content itself such as the underlying 2d or 3d models and parameters for animation of these models are used to describe it. To represent features of synthetic audiovisual content, depending on the description scheme to be used, a number of descriptors are selected and assigned values. The description scheme instantiated with descriptor values is used to generate the description, which is then stored for actual use during query/search.

Abstract: Systems, methods and articles of manufacture for creating out-of-game objectives for a computer game. Embodiments include determining user identification information identifying a user account within a computer game. Communications with a first physical device are established. In response to an in-game event within the computer game, embodiments configure the first physical device to detect a first out-of-game activity by configuring the first physical device with one or more conditions that are satisfied when data collected using one or more sensors of the first physical device exceeds a defined threshold value, and that, when satisfied, indicate the first out-of-game activity is completed. Upon receiving, from the first physical device, an indication that the out-of-game activity has been completed, embodiments affect one or more gameplay attributes of the computer game for the user account, based on the completed out-of-game activity.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method and system for simulating a mock press conference for fantasy sports. The method includes presenting a plurality of topics and corresponding questions to a user. The questions are pre-loaded and recorded by a reporter representing a media outlet. The method also includes allowing the user to select a topic and a question. Further, the method includes recording the user's response to the question within a pre-defined time period to develop a corresponding Mock Press Conference video. Furthermore, the method includes processing the Mock Press Conference video once the user successfully completes responding to the question. Moreover, the method includes synchronizing the Mock Press Conference video with the question for automatic playback to simulate a real-life press conference broadcast with media flashes.

Abstract: A method of making audio music selection and creating a mixtape, comprising importing song files from a song repository; sorting and filtering the song files based on selection criteria; and creating the mixtape from the song files sorting and filtering results. The sorting and filtering of the song files comprise: spectral analyzing each of the song files to extract low level acoustic feature parameters of the song file; from the low level acoustic feature parameter values, determining the high level acoustic feature parameters of the analyzed song file; determining a similarity score of each of the analyzed song files by comparing the acoustic feature parameter values of the analyzed song file against desired acoustic feature parameter values determined from the selection criteria; and sorting the analyzed song files according to their similarity scores; and filtering out the analyzed song files with first similarity scores lower than a filter threshold.

Abstract: At a mobile terminal coupled to a control apparatus using an interface provided by the mobile terminal: receiving a user instruction to play a main multimedia file; playing a pre-arranged multimedia file associated with the main multimedia file before playing all or a portion of the main multimedia file; while playing the pre-arranged multimedia file, receiving an operation signal from the control apparatus through the interface, wherein the control signal is sent to the mobile terminal in response to a user operation received at the control apparatus, and the control signal corresponds to a control instruction regarding playback of the pre-arranged multimedia file; in response to receiving the control signal: if a user account associated with the mobile terminal meets authorization criteria with respect to the control instruction, executing, according to the control instruction, a control operation on the pre-arranged multimedia file that is being played.

Abstract: Interactive electronic system having a screen and a three-axis compass sensor for detecting flipping of pages of a book, wherein the book comprises a plurality of pages, each having with one or more magnets, and wherein the system is arranged to detect the flipping of pages of the book by the data readings of the value of one axis, X, Y, or Z; or the magnitude of the calculated vector of the values of the axes X, Y, and Z. Also a method of interaction comprises: downloading the software of the book to the electronic device; putting the book which contains the sensors in a pre-determined area near the electronic device in manner to identify the pages; calibrating the system; obtaining the values of the magnitude of the magnetic field by the compass sensor to detect the page that is open; displaying the corresponding digital content in synchronization.

Abstract: A handheld communication device includes first and second screens, a hinge to rotate the first and second screens between open and closed positions, and a position sensor to determine the relative position of the first and second screens. The position sensor can be a Hall-Effect sensor.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus is provided capable of creating images of a plurality of question sentences and answer columns from a document. A document reading unit reads a document to which marking has been applied by a plurality of different patterns and acquires document image data. A marking pattern detection unit recognizes in each different pattern the marking in a marking region to which the marking of the document image data has been applied and detects a pattern of the marking. A question sentence creation unit creates, in each different pattern, question sentence image data in which partial image data in the marking region is deleted from the document image data. An output unit outputs the question sentence image data created by the question sentence creation unit.

Abstract: A system for publication and distribution of instructional materials comprises a host computer capable of receiving and storing educational works having one or more segments over a communications network, receiving one or more selections of at least one of the segments, producing a compilation of educational course materials containing at least the selected segments, receiving a request for access rights to a selection of one or more segments of the compilation, and providing access rights to the selected segments in response to the request.

Abstract: The technology disclosed further relates to distribution of live streaming sources during a video collaboration session. In particular, it relates to receiving or placing an outside call from or to at least one remote limited participant to be joined with an ongoing video collaboration session on a display wall that combines multiple live streaming sources, locating a template that identifies at least one live streaming source selected from the ongoing video collaboration session to transmit to the remote limited participant, and causing a copy of the selected live streaming source to be directed to the remote limited participant upon connection to the ongoing video collaboration session.

Abstract: A system for the integration of print and electronic media includes an electronic media device having a display operable to render an image and a paged media collection wherein several pages of the collection have an open area void of material. This open area is aligned with the display of the electronic device so as to integrate content presented on the printed pages with synchronized content rendered on the display of the electronic device.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of the present invention pertain to an apparatus that helps a child to fall asleep. The apparatus includes a set of eyes and eye lids. The apparatus also includes a media input/output unit configured to output audio from the apparatus or a portable device. The eyelids are may be configured to close while the audio is outputted from the media input/output unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing toilet training of a person are provided. In one aspect, a method for managing toilet training of a person is provided. The method includes packaging a toilet training product within a container. The method also includes enclosing a post-sale image within the container. The post-sale image is configured to enable a set of enhanced functionality within a user computing device. The set of enhanced functionality is configured to track and record toilet training milestones achieved by the person.

Abstract: A system for communication over a network is provided. The system has a module in communication with an application and the network, wherein the module is configured to create an event using an application, wherein the event comprises a first media upload by a first authorized user, receive permission from the first authorized user to transmit the event, store, on a server, the first media upload, transmit the first upload media to a second user in an authorized group of users upon request by the second user, wherein the transmission is permitted only for a first predetermined amount time, receive, at the server, a second media upload from the second authorized user in response to the first media upload and store, on a server, the second media upload until the first authorized party is ready to view the second media upload, wherein the server is configured to store the second media upload for a second predetermined amount of time. A method for communication over a network is also provided.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a system for rendering audio animation, the system comprising: two or more non-biotic figures; an audio player, having two or more audio sources correspondingly to the two or more non-biotic figures, for simultaneously playing the audio signals associated with the two or more non-biotic figures; and two or more speaker units corresponding to the two or more audio sources. The system may further comprise means for wireless transmission of the audio signal of at least one of the audio sources to a remote speaker unit thereof. The means for wireless transmission may comprise a wireless transmission unit deployed at the audio player, and a wireless receiving unit deployed at the speaker unit. The non-biotic figure may be a two-dimensional, three-dimensional figure, and so on.