Abstract: A method is present for flight crew training. Flight crew interactions are recorded during a lesson to form recorded flight crew interactions. Flight deck displays occurring during the lesson are recorded to form recorded flight deck displays. A flight training video is formed from the recorded flight crew interactions and the recorded flight deck displays.

Abstract: A method to control a motion heading at a receiving end by referring to an angle between the receiving end and a transmission end includes the following steps solving an angle, ?, between an original heading and a user inputted direction of transmission end; having a signal-receiving unit at the receiving end to pick up signals sent from the transmission end; determining a signal source orientation according to strength of the signals received by the signal-receiving unit which comprises multiple sensors or a position sensitive device arranged in a form to pick up the signals from the transmission end; solving an angle, ?, between the signal source orientation and an original motion heading of the receiving end; and solving a new motion heading according to the angles ?and ?.

Abstract: A radio control transmitter for a model is disclosed wherein a control range is limited to not to exceed a maximum control range without using a mechanical means. In accordance with the transmitter, an added control range being a sum of two or more of the control ranges is calculated, whether the added control range exceeds a maximum control range set to correspond to the operating section of the object to be controlled is determined, and the control range is corrected when the added control range exceeds the maximum control range.

Abstract: A illumination device comprises a transparent member in which a lenticular lens of a cylindrical shape is disposed in a longitudinal direction; and light emitting members disposed in a vertical direction at prescribed intervals inside the transparent member; in which a visual illusion of existence of light emitting rings, respectively arrayed in a horizontal direction and respectively disposed in a vertical direction inside the transparent member, is created by light emitted from the various light emitting members.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for facilitating navigation techniques in a three-dimensional virtual environment. The present invention couples input driving techniques to the state of one or more workspace variables (e.g., object state, virtual body state, environment state) to change the user's viewing context within a single input control motion. Modification of the user's viewing context allows navigation to various positions and orientations with out the need to be provided with that viewing context prior to navigation. The modification of the user's viewing context also allows for single input motion employing the same input drive controls.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing electronic devices, in particular, but not exclusively, semiconductor devices, and apparatus for carrying out such a method, in which method wafers 1, which are provided at a surface 2 with a material 3 to be removed, are subjected, while being divided into successive batches, to a wet treatment in a bath 4 containing a solution 5 of an active component in a solvent. The successive batches of wafers 1 are immersed in the solution 5 at first time intervals during the wet treatment of the successive batches, which first time intervals each consist of a processing period during which the material 3 is removed from the surface 2 of the wafers 1, thereby forming ionic components, and a waiting period following the removal of the wafers 1 from the bath 4 at the end of the processing period.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for facilitating navigation techniques in a three-dimensional virtual environment. The present invention couples input driving techniques to the state of one or more workspace variables (e.g., object state, virtual body state, environment state) to change the user's viewing context within a single input control motion. Modification of the user's viewing context allows navigation to various positions and orientations with out the need to be provided with that viewing context prior to navigation. The modification of the user's viewing context also allows for single input motion employing the same input drive controls.

Abstract: A toy or model aircraft with motions that can reproduce the operational status and flight attitude of the corresponding real aircraft. Model aircraft include a vertical motion device for enabling the aircraft body to ascend or descend in order to reproduce changes in position from a state in which the aircraft is set at a lower position so as to copy the attitude of the corresponding real aircraft during a halt on the ground to a state in which the aircraft is set at a higher position so as to copy the attitude of the corresponding real aircraft during a flight, and an attitude control device for enabling the aircraft body to be inclined in longitudinal and lateral directions in order to reproduce longitudinal and lateral motions of the rear aircraft, the attitude control device being provided at a tip portion of the vertical motion device, so that an operation performed by the vertical motion device can be synthesized with an operation performed by the attitude control device.

Abstract: An apparatus for operating a remote controlled airplane including a frame, a remote control unit received within the frame and having first and second joystick elements, a joystick controller cantably mounted to the frame so as to have a forward/backward movement and a side-to-side movement, a first linkage connected to the joystick controller and to the first joystick element and adapted to cause an up-and-down movement of tie first joystick element relative to the forward/backward movement of the joystick controller, and a second linkage connected to the joystick controller and to the first joystick element. The second linkage is adapted to cause a side-to-side movement of the first joystick element relative to the side-to-side movement of the joystick controller. A pedal structure is pivotally mounted to the frame so as to be pivotable about a central axis. A third linkage connects the pedal structure to the second joystick element.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a system which is portable and attache the body of a trainee so that the trainee can practice navigating of a model airplane at an arbitrary location, contrary to the system of a large-sized airplane. According to an object of the present invention there is provided a trainee navigates a model airplane virtually by simulating a model airplane using a computer by combining the three-dimensional virtual image of a model airplane and the actual image of the training site by a computer.

Abstract: An control mechanism apparatus is shown which electromechanically actuates a control board of a radio transmitter. The radio transmitter transmits radio signals to a receiver on board a model aircraft for actuating the various parts thereof. The apparatus comprises a base frame for providing a stable platform with a seat mounted at the rear of the base frame. A plurality of controls emulating the controls found in a cockpit of an actual aircraft are mounted to the base frame. A plurality of mechanical linkages are provided which transmit the position of each of the plurality of controls to a corresponding plurality of electrical devices. Each of the corresponding electrical devices is in electrical communication with the control board and the output of each of the electrical devices varies in accordance with the position of the controls. The radio signals are transmitted by the radio transmitter control board and vary in accordance with the electrical output of each of the electrical devices.

Abstract: A novel instrument for demonstrating flight principles is disclosed wherein a simulated aircraft is mounted to the end of a tube member by an arrangement wherein finger tip linear and rotational manipulation of a single control enables tail and wing control surfaces respectively, to move in coordinated response to demonstrate aircraft maneuver response to control surface movement.

Abstract: A flight simulator kit which includes at least a simulated flight attitude control member, the simulated flight attitude control member being capable of mimicking the movements of an actual aircraft flight attitude control member. A visual display system is also provided for receiving input signals and in response thereto visually display a video simulation of a plurality of simulated aircraft flight instruments mimicking the movements and responses of actual aircraft flight instruments. The kit further includes a computer for receiving the output signals from the simulated control system and in response thereto for providing the input signals to the visual display system. The kit may be used to set up a simulator in an actual aircraft not in flight.

Abstract: A model airplane flight simulator which enables a model airplane to be maneuvered by a remote control device through pitch, yaw and roll without movement over ground. The model airplane includes most of the attributes of a flying model such as one and preferably two, motor-driven propellers for generating airflow over control surfaces which include actuator controlled ailerons, elevator and rudder and a remote control device for selectively controlling these features from the remote location. The control device may utilize hard wiring or radio signal to activate the actuator system. No airfoil for wing lift is required in that the model airplane is supported within a rigid inner ring or hoop to which wing or fuselage extension rods coaxially extending from each wing tip or from each end of the fuselage are connected at diametrically opposing points on the inner ring for free rotation of the model airplane within the inner ring about one rotational axis.

Abstract: The radio controlled model pilot's station provides realism for the radio controlled modeler in flying his models. The present invention provides a chair having a motorized, rotatable seat to keep the model in view while positioning a throttle quadrant and other aircraft controls in realistic positions easily accessible to the pilot. A resilient pad and releasable clamps incorporated on a moveable radio shelf for quick mounting and removal of the control radio allow interchanging of radios for multiple models or increased battery endurance, while the movable radio shelf allows ingress to and egress from the chair by the pilot without removal of the radio.

Abstract: A toy airplane amusement game has a plurality of flip-up targets which are randomly laterally and longitudinally spaced on a web, and are transported past a miniature airplane facing the oncoming targets. The airplane is provided with manual controls for moving the airplane laterally and vertically across the web and into the paths of the successively oncoming targets for knocking them down. The controls include a linkage to allow the operator to align the airplane parallel to the path of travel of the oncoming targets in any selected position across the width of the web.

Abstract: An aircraft landing game apparatus (10) comprising a housing unit (11) having a first motorized unit (12) including a closed loop track member (24) operatively connected to a miniature airplane (13) which makes a circuit around a horizontally disposed elevated platform member (18); and a second motorized unit (14) including a moving surface unit (15) including a flexible belt member (31) which rotates about a horizontally disposed axis; wherein, the flexible belt member (31) is provided with a normally open circuit means (40) including an illumination element (41); whereby the miniature airplane (13) is adapted to engage a contact plate (45) on the circuit means (40) to activate the illumination means (41) representative of a proper simulated landing of the miniature airplane (13).

Abstract: This invention provides a helicopter flight training device. The device comprises, in combination, a free-flying, radio-controlled, scale model of a helicopter and a flight station that is a substantially actual size simulation of a helicopter cockpit with its associated individual flight controls. The individual flight controls of the flight station incorporate means to convert their operation into a radio signal transmitted to the scale model helicopter to actuate the appropriate flight controls therein to control the flight thereof. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the flight station consists of dual flight stations with dual flight controls to facilitate teaching student pilots. The device of this invention provides the utmost in safety to the student and instructor during the early, most hazardous, stages of flight training.

Abstract: To control a model aircraft or spacecraft with a control stick, the first and second sides of a parallelogram linkage within the console housing are attached to and form universal joints for the bottoms of a control column and control stick respectively, both of which extend out of the console housing, with the craft being mounted to the control column. Both the control stick and the control column are mounted by universal joints to the console so that movement of the control stick causes swiveling and tilting motion of the craft in both forward and side to side directions and any position in between about the universal joint under the control of the parallelogram linkage which connects the bottom ends of the control stick and control column.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the control members of a transmitter used for sending radio signals to a receiver in a model airplane which emulates the actions of a pilot in a cockpit on board an aircraft.

Abstract: A toy type flight simulating console for a toy aeroplane comprising a relatively small compact housing completely enclosing all operating components and mechanism except the outer ends of a simulated joystick and motor throttle lever as well as a vertical staff projecting a short distance upwardly from the rear portion of said housing, an instrument panel on the front face of said housing and the housing having a base readily adapted to be supported upon a table top, a model toy aeroplane detachably connected to the upper end of said staff and enclosing an electric D.C.