Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for reducing steric hindrance in the product of nucleic acid polymerase reaction. Methods and compositions of the invention encompass application of exonucleases, endonucleases, and uracil-DNA glycosylases to a nucleic acid polymerase reaction such that newly formed nucleic acid strands are modified (e.g., cleaved) while the polymerase reaction continues to proceed.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for modulating plant response, development and yield under varying environmental conditions are provided. Methods employing MAPKKK are provided. The MAPKKK sequences are used in a variety of methods including modulating root development, modulating leaf and/or shoot development, modulating tolerance under abiotic stress and modulating yield. Transformed plants, plant cell, tissues, seed and expression vectors are also provided.

Abstract: This invention provides Sso7-polymerase conjugates that exhibit improved activity in a polymerase reaction.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for loop mediated isothermal amplification in which single stranded binding proteins are shown to protect primers from non-specific extension and to stimulate the rate of threshold amplification.

Abstract: The present invention provides, inter alia, crystals of the MEK1 polypeptide which are particularly useful for structure based drug design as well as methods of use thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a lysate used for cell-fee protein biosynthesis, comprising the following steps: a) a genomic sequence in an organism, which codes for an essential translation product that reduces the yield of cell-fee protein biosynthesis, is replaced by the foreign DNA located under a suitable regulatory element, said foreign DNA coding for the essential translation product that additionally contains a marker sequence; b) the organism cloned according to step a) is cultivated; c) the organisms from the culture obtained in step b) are lysed; and d) the essential translation product is eliminated by means of a separation process that is selective for the marker sequence. Also discussed are said lysate and the use thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for the enhancement of the reactivation of thermostable reversibly inactivated enzymes comprising reactivating at least one thermostable reversibly inactivated enzyme in the presence of one or more nitrogen containing compounds.

Abstract: A PPAT polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 derived from Jatropha, a PPAT polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 2 and so on were found. By transforming Jatropha with these PPAT polynucleotides, it is possible to overexpress the PPAT polypeptide in comparison with a wild type, and biosynthesis of coenzyme A is promoted by these polypeptides, the metabolic function and viability of the transformed Jatropha are enhanced, and for example, stress resistance can be significantly improved.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for alleviating cancer in a mammal by administering a therapeutic dose of a pharmaceutical composition that inhibits activity of AXL protein activity, for example by competitive or non-competitive inhibition of the binding interaction between AXL and its ligand GAS6.

Abstract: Alkynyl-derivatized cap analogs, alkynyl-modified capped RNA, 1,4-disubstituted triazole-derivatized capped RNA, methods of preparation, methods of isolation, and uses thereof are provided. The “click” modification facilitates detection and isolation of capped RNAs and the 1,4-disubstituted triazole derivatives formed by the “click” reaction are useful for producing RNA transcripts and encoded protein.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides modified nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids, and methods of using thereof.

Abstract: Nucleotide triphosphate probes containing a molecular and/or atomic tag on a a ? and/or ? phosphate group and/or a base moiety having a detectable property are disclosed, and kits and method for using the tagged nucleotides in sequencing reactions and various assay. Also, phosphate and polyphosphate molecular fidelity altering agents are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of carbamoyl synthetase 1 (CPS 1) as a humoral biomarker in in vitro methods for early diagnosis and detection, progress prognosis, the evaluation of the severity, and the progress evaluation of tumor diseases and chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases.

Abstract: A method for changing conformation of globular proteins is provided. The method controls the concentration of the globular proteins and the adsorption time of the globular proteins from the aqueous solution to the air/liquid interface, so that the main conformation of the globular proteins in a protein monolayer can be changed into ?-sheet or ?-helix. Meanwhile, the protein monolayer having the conformation of ?-sheet or ?-helix can be vertically deposited and transferred onto a substrate for various applications according to needs. The present invention can change three-dimensional structures of biological molecules and remain original functions thereof without additionally using any physical/chemical treatment to change the conformation of the globular proteins.

Abstract: The present application provides polynucleotides comprising 5?-tails with sequence segments useful for the detection of target nucleic acid sequences, and methods for their use in detecting target nucleic acids. The polynucleotides are used to amplify a subsequence of a target nucleic acid in the presence of one or more ribonucleotides. The ribonucleotides are incorporated into amplification products at regular intervals complementary to the 5?-tail sequence segments. Cleavage of amplification products at the bond immediately 3? to incorporated ribonucleotides produces detectably distinct fragments indicative of the presence or absence of a target nucleic acid.

Abstract: Immunogenic compositions that elicit immune responses against Norovirus and Sapovirus antigens are described. In particular, the invention relates to polynucleotides encoding one or more capsid proteins or other immunogenic viral polypeptides from one or more strains of Norovirus and/or Sapovirus, coexpression of such immunogenic viral polypeptides with adjuvants, and methods of using the polynucleotides in applications including immunization and production of immunogenic viral polypeptides and viral-like particles (VLPs). Methods for producing Norovirus- or Sapovirus-derived multiple epitope fusion antigens or polyproteins and immunogenic compositions comprising one or more immunogenic polypeptides, polynucleotides, VLPs, and/or adjuvants are also described.

Abstract: Provided are compositions comprising recombinant DNA polymerases that include amino acid substitutions, insertions, deletions and/or heterologous or exogenous features that confer modified properties upon the polymerase for enhanced single molecule sequencing. Such properties can include reduced reaction rates at one or more steps of the polymerase kinetic cycle, increased closed polymerase/DNA complex stability, enhanced metal ion coordination, reduced exonuclease activity, decreased branching fractions, and the like. Polymerases that exhibit branching fractions that are less than the branching fractions of the polymerases from which they were derived, or branching fractions that are less than about 25% for a phosphate-labeled nucleotide analog, are also provided. Also provided are nucleic acids which encode the polymerases with the aforementioned phenotypes, as well as methods of using such polymerases to make a DNA or to sequence a DNA template.

Abstract: The invention provides nucleic acids and polypeptides for nucleic acid polymerases from a thermophilic organism, Thermus brockianus. The invention also provides methods for using these nucleic acids and polypeptides.

Abstract: This invention provides for an improved generation of novel nucleic acid modifying enzymes. The improvement is the fusion of a sequence-non-specific nucleic-acid-binding domain to the enzyme in a manner that enhances the ability of the enzyme to bind and catalytically modify the nucleic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to diagnostic and therapeutic methods in the field of malignant disorders. More particularly, the invention provides methods of determining the invasivity of malignant disorders and methods for reducing the invasivity of malignant disorders including the prevention or treatment of cancer cell invasion.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to methods and compositions for reducing Interleukin-4 or Interleukin-13 signaling, in particular to treat asthma and atopic dermatitis. The inventors have found that Rac/PAK mediated endocytosis of the ligand bound type I (IL-4R with the chains IL-4Ra and IL-2-Rg) and/or type II receptor (IL-13R with the chains IL-4Ra and IL-13Ra1) is needed for the IL-4 and/or IL-13 mediated activation of downstream signalling events including phosphorylation of Stat family transcrition factors. These discoveries enable new methods of screening compounds that modulate Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signalling, as well as new methods for treating conditions characterized by increased Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 levels. These conditions include inflammatory conditions, asthma bronchiale, atopic dermatitis, allergies, atopic syndromes, allergic rhinitis, and th2-induced conditions.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of allele-specific amplification, utilizing an allele-specific oligonucleotide, at least partially complementary to more than one variant of the target sequence, but having at least one selective nucleotide complementary to only one variant of the target sequence and incorporating at least one “G-clamp” nucleotide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of modulating a chromatin binding protein or complex which binds to a functional group on an amino acid of a histone. This method involves phosphorylating or dephosphorylating a serine or threonine on the histone proximate to the amino acid under conditions effective to modulate the chromatin binding protein or complex. This method is particularly useful in treating or preventing cancer in a subject. In addition, the histone comprising a serine or threonine proximate to an amino acid capable of binding to a functional group can be used to screen for compounds which prevent or treat cancer. Also disclosed is an antibody or binding portion thereof raised against a binary switch on a histone comprising a phosphorylated serine or threonine proximate to an amino acid bound to a functional group and its use in detecting a condition mediated by that switch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining useful data for the diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring of colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, to a method for the diagnosis of CRC, to a method for the prognosis of CRC and to a kit for carrying out said methods.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the discovery that proteins encoded by a family of genes, termed here HDx-related genes, which are involved in the control of chromatin structure and, thus in transcription and translation. The present invention makes available compositions and methods that can be utilized, for example to control cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing cDNA characterized by preparing a reaction solution that does not allow an endodeoxyribonuclease to show its activity, without thermal deactivation of the endodeoxyribonuclease or removal of the endodeoxyribonuclease, and carrying out a reverse transcription reaction, wherein the reaction solution contains a treated sample and a reverse transcriptase, the treated sample being formed by treating a sample comprising RNA and DNA with the endodeoxyribonuclease to degrade DNA in the sample. The method and the kit for synthesizing cDNA of the present invention are widely useful in genetic engineering fields.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the utilization of bacterial cell-free extracts in the synthesis of high yields of membrane-associated polypeptides.

Abstract: The invention provides a cell-free system comprising not more than about 5% wheat germ extract for expressing proteins such as viral proteins and proteins required for viral capsid assembly, and proteins that assemble into multiprotein complexes in a manner analogous to viral capsids, are provided. Further provided are methods for expressing proteins such as viral proteins, proteins required for capsid assembly, and proteins that assemble into multiprotein complexes in a manner analogous to viral capsids using a cell-free system comprising not more than about 5% wheat germ extract. Further provided are methods to assay for compounds that modulate viral protein, viral capsid assembly, and assembly of proteins into multiprotein complexes whose disruption can ameliorate bacterial, parasitic, metabolic, oncologic, immunologic, or CNS disease in a cell-free system comprising not more than about 5% wheat germ extract.

Abstract: A primer or primer pair comprising a 3?-photolabile group, and a method of amplifying nucleic acids with controlled polymerization using the primer or primer pair, as well as related compositions, kits, and device for amplifying nucleic acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated nicotinamide riboside kinase (Nrk) nucleic acid sequences, vectors and cultured cells containing the same, and Nrk polypeptides encoded thereby. Methods for identifying individuals or tumors susceptible to nicotinamide riboside-related prodrug treatment and methods for treating cancer by administering an Nrk nucleic acid sequence or polypeptide in combination with a nicotinamide riboside-related prodrug are also provided. The present invention further provides screening methods for isolating a nicotinamide riboside-related prodrug and identifying a natural source of nicotinamide riboside.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mutagenesis method wherein a nucleic acid molecule is mutagenized with at least one mutagenesis primer in a primer extension reaction and subsequently amplified by rolling circle amplification (RCA). The method involves steps leading to selective amplification of only the mutated strand by a strand-displacing DNA polymerase. Multiple copies of the mutated plasmids are generated during multiple-primed RCA and the resulting DNA is transformed for use. The method is suitable for mutating both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA. The present invention also provides a kit for use in the mutagenesis method.

Abstract: Present invention disclosed three-dimensional crystal structure of N-terminus polypeptide of influenza virus polymerase subunit (PA_N). PA_N is residues 1˜50 to 150˜300 of influenza virus polymerase subunit PA. In three-dimensional structure, at least 40% of atoms showed same atomic coordinates, compared to that listed in Table. In other words, in three-dimensional structure of influenza virus polymerase subunit PA_N, 40% of atomic coordinates on carbon skeleton of residues of influenza virus polymerase subunit PA_N, showed less than or equal to 1.7 ? of average variance, compared to the atomic coordinates listed in Table1. Present invention also disclosed the expression, purification, crystallization methods, and three-dimensional crystal structure of 256 residues in the N-terminus of influenza virus polymerase subunit PA, and applications of the crystal structure on drug screening and designing.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, novel gene deletions and translocations involving chromosome 2 resulting in fusion proteins combining part of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) kinase with part of a secondary protein have now been identified in human solid tumors, e.g. non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Secondary proteins include Echinoderm Microtubule-Associated Protein-Like 4 (EML-4) and TRK-Fusion Gene (TFG). The EML4-ALK fusion protein, which retains ALK tyrosine kinase activity, was confirmed to drive the proliferation and survival of NSCLC characterized by this mutation. The invention therefore provides, in part, isolated polynucleotides and vectors encoding the disclosed mutant ALK kinase polypeptides, probes for detecting it, isolated mutant polypeptides, recombinant polypeptides, and reagents for detecting the fusion and truncated polypeptides.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions, methods, kits, systems and apparatus that are useful for nucleic acid polymerization. In particular, modified polymerases and biologically active fragment thereof are provided that allow for nucleic acid amplification. In one aspect, the disclosure relates to modified polymerases useful for nucleic acid sequencing, genotyping, copy number variation analysis, paired-end sequencing and other forms of genetic analysis. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to modified polymerases useful for the generation of nucleic acid libraries or nucleic acid templates for use in various downstream processes. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to the identification of homologous amino acid mutations that can be transferred across classes or families of polymerases to provide novel polymerases with altered catalytic properties. In some aspects, the disclosure provides modified polymerases having enhanced catalytic properties as compared to a reference polymerase.

Abstract: Provided are a novel Epidermal growth factor receptor variant-EGFRvA protein, a polynucleotide encoding the EGFRvA protein and a method of preparing the EGFRvA protein via recombination technology. Also provided is a uses of the polynucleotide encoding the EGFRvA protein. The EGFRvA protein has a function of promoting tumor cell invasion or promoting tumor cell migration.

Abstract: A DNA polymerase mutant comprising a Taq DNA polymerase amino acid sequence with a mutation at one or more of the following selected amino acid positions: E189K, E230K, E507K, H28R, L30R, G38R, F73V, H75R, E76A, E76G, E76K, E90K, K206R, E315K, A348V, L351F, A439T, D452N, G504S, E507A, D551N, L552R, I553V, D578N, H676R, Q680R, D732G, E734G, E734K, F749V; wherein the polymerase mutant exhibits relative to wild-type DNA polymerase increased polymerase speed, increased affinity to DNA substrate and/or increased resistance to a DNA polymerase inhibitor; and wherein, when the mutation is E507K in combination with two or more further mutations or the mutation is Q680R in combination with four or more further mutations, at least one of the further mutations is at one of the selected amino acid positions; and when the mutation is I553V, this is not in combination with D551S.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for transiently immortalizing cells according to which immortalization proteins are introduced into the cells from outside. The invention also relates to a method for producing cells according to which organ-related cells are transiently immortalized by the exogenous supply of immortalization proteins and are remortalized after their expansion. The invention further relates to the cells produced according to the inventive method, to the use of said cells for producing a transplant and to the immortalization proteins used in the method.

Abstract: Methods for producing an isotope-labeled mammalian, including a human, biomolecule, such as polypeptides and proteins, in a cell-free protein synthesis system. A biomolecule standard is produced having at least one isotope different in abundance than that of the naturally occurring isotopes in the biomolecule. Methods for quantifying biomolecules standards expressed using mammalian cell-free extracts are disclosed. Methods for producing such standards, kits, systems and reagents, relating to the use of isotope-labeled biomolecule as quantification standards in mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compositions with polymerase activity and methods of using the compositions.

Abstract: Isolated and/or purified polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius are provided. Further provided are methods for modulating or altering recombination inside or outside of a cell using isolated and/or purified polypeptides and/or nucleic acid sequences from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius.

Abstract: The present invention provides nucleic acid amplification systems and methods that desirably reduce or eliminate false positive amplification signals resulting from contaminating biological material, e.g., nucleic acid, that may be present in one or more reagents used in an amplification reaction and/or that may be present in the environment in which an amplification reaction is performed. The invention offers the further advantage of requiring less stringent purification and/or sterility efforts than conventionally needed in order to ensure that enzymes and other reagents used in amplification reactions, and the environment in which an amplification reaction is performed, are free of bacterial or other nucleic acid contamination that may yield false positive results.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of expressing UDP-GlcNAc 2-Epimerase/ManNAc Kinase enzyme (GNE) peptide in a cell of a subject comprising: delivering into the cell of the subject an isolated nucleic acid expression construct that comprises a promoter operatively linked to a nucleic acid sequence encoding a GNE peptide or a therapeutically active fragment thereof, wherein the GNE peptide has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, wherein upon the delivering into the cell of the subject, the nucleic acid expression construct initiates expression of the GNE peptide or a therapeutically active fragment thereof. Also disclosed are methods of producing a GNE peptide in a cell comprising infecting the cell with an isolated nucleic acid construct that comprises a promoter operatively linked to a nucleic acid sequence encoding a GNE peptide or a therapeutically active fragment thereof, wherein the GNE peptide has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gene that encodes a hyperactive reverse transcriptase having DNA polymerase activity and substantially reduced RNase H activity, vectors containing the gene and host cells transformed with the invention. The present invention also includes a method of producing the hyperactive reverse transcriptase, producing cDNA from mRNA using the reverse transcriptase of the invention, kits and assay templates made using the hyperactive reverse transcriptase.

Abstract: Nucleic acids and encoded phosphofructokinases (PFKs) are provided. A method for enhancing yield-related traits in plants by modulating expression of nucleic acids encoding PFKs is provided. Plants with modulated expression of the nucleic acids encoding PFKs have enhanced yield-related traits as compared with control plants.

Abstract: In the invention provides for a method of stimulating or increasing ?-cell replication or growth, by contacting a ?-cell with an inhibitor of adenosine kinase (ADK), an inhibitor of S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) or an activator of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK).

Abstract: The present invention relates to polypeptide fragments comprising an amino-terminal fragment of the PA subunit of a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase possessing endonuclease activity, wherein said PA subunit is from Influenza A 2009 pan-demic H1N1 virus or is a variant thereof. This invention also relates to (i) crystals of the polypeptide fragments which are suitable for structure determination of said polypeptide fragments using X-ray crystallography and (ii) computational methods using the structural coordinates of said polypeptide to screen for and design compounds that modulate, preferably inhibit the endonucleolytically active site within the polypeptide fragment. In addition, this invention relates to methods identifying compounds that bind to the PA polypeptide fragments possessing endonuclease activity and preferably inhibit said endonucleolytic activity, preferably in a high throughput setting.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of phosphatidylinositol based signaling pathways, and more specifically to the use of novel members of these pathways for disease prognosis and treatment. In some aspects, the present invention relates to the use of novel splice variants of type I phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase ?, named PIPKI? 700 and PIPKI? 707, to determine breast cancer and breast cancer prognosis.

Abstract: The present invention refers to muteins of the bacteriophage lambda integrases and to nucleic acid molecules comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding such muteins of the lambda integrases. The invention further refers to host cells containing a nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding such muteins of the lambda integrases. The invention also refers to methods of recombining nucleic acids of interest into target nucleic acids in the presence of the muteins of the lambda integrases, as well as sequence specific recombination kits.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of amplifying a polynucleotide, comprising: (a) mixing primers for amplifying the polynucleotide, a polymerase, nucleotide substrates and a template polynucleotide, and (b) amplifying the polynucleotide by polymerase reaction, wherein the polymerase has an amino acid sequence consisting of SEQ ID NO:1 or an amino acid sequence with at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, and an amino acid residue corresponding to, or at position 651 of the amino acid sequence has been replaced with glutamic acid.

Abstract: A method for the generation of DNA fragmentation library based on a transposition reaction in the presence of a transposon end with an engineered cleaveage site providing facilitated downstream handling of the produced DNA fragments, e.g., in the generation of sequencing templates. Transposon nucleic acids comprising a transposon end sequence and an engineered cleaveage site located in the sequence, e.g., in Mu transposon end sequence, are disclosed.