Abstract: Inducers of non-specific immunity are obtained by increasing the pH of a virus suspension of viruses which elicit non-specific immunity and then heating the pH-increased virus suspension. The pH value can be increased to between about 8 and 11 and heating is carried at temperature between about 50.degree.-60.degree. C.

Abstract: As a new compound is now provided N-acetylbenanomicin B which is useful as an antifungal agent and also as antiviral agent for inhibiting infection of human T-cell with HIV, namely a virus causative of acquired human immunodeficiency syndrome. N-acetylbenanomicin B may be prepared by acetylation of 4"-amino group of benanomicin B which is fermentatively produced by a new microorganism, MH193-16F4 strain of actinomycetes.

Abstract: Processes for propagating a fastidious human virus in the laboratory and producing purified viral suspensions of such a virus are disclosed. The virus is extracted from tissue which contains it, and the extract is used to infect human tissue known to be susceptible to that virus. The infected tissue is placed beneath the renal capsule of an immuno-compromised animal and allowed to remain in the animal until recoverable quantities of the virus are produced. The virus is then recovered from the infected tissue and is purified. Also disclosed are variations of the process, used for detecting a fastidious human virus, for determining the infectivity of a sample containing a fastidious human virus, or for determining the antiviral activity of a substance. Finally, purified suspensions of fastidious human viruses and compositions useful as vaccines are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention comprises a lyophilized live herpes virus vaccine that comprises from about 0.5% to about 8% moisture.

Abstract: A method for sterilizing blood, plasma or derivatives thereof by using vitamins or provitamins.

Abstract: An enzymatic sterilization system is disclosed which is effective against viruses and other organisms. Methods are disclosed to increase the rate of and reduce the cost for sterilization with this chemistry as compared to the prior art. Methods are disclosed to formulate a sterlizing chemistry which actively maintains a sterile environment over a defined period of time.

Abstract: A stabilized live attenuated vaccine with improved thermal stability, which comprises a live attenuated plain vaccine consisting of measles, mumps or rubella virus grown in a medium-199 for cell culture, or a combined live attenuated vaccine thereof, containing a stabilizing agent at a final concentration of lactose 2.5-5 W/V %, saccharose 2.5-5 W/V %, D-sorbitol 1.8-2 W/V %, sodium glutamate about 0.1 W/V % and gelatin hydrolyzate, M.W. approx. 35,000, 2-3 W/V %.

Abstract: A live vaccine for infectious laryngotracheitis, which comprises culture cells infected with attenuated infectious laryngotracheitis virus. Also, a live combined vaccine for infectious laryngotracheitis and Marek's disease, which comprises culture cells infected with attenuated viruses off these two diseases. These vaccines can be used on day-old (newborn) chicken, by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, to give them immunity from infection by the virus or viruses.

Abstract: Novel and improved methods for diagnosis, prognosis, prophylaxis and therapy of viral infections are described. The novel methods employ a virus, viral antigen or fragment thereof in which "perturbation" of an oligosaccharide moiety renders the virus, viral antigen or fragment thereof more specifically recognizable or reactive with neutralizing antibody. As described, "perturbation" of an oligosaccharide moiety encompasses a variety of modifications such has one that (1) alters the chemical or physical structure of a carbohydrate residue that is naturally present; (2) that removes, wholly or in part, a carbohydrate residue; and/or (3) that prevents or alters addition of a carbohydrate residue. A variety of different methods for oligosaccharide "perturbation" are also described. In particular, the carbohydrate residue is altered by an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A vaccine for immunizing animals against Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) infections contains an FeLV antigen emulsified with a polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block polymer, a glycol ether-based surfactant, an immunopotentiating amount of an immunostimulating glycopeptide, and, optionally, a metabolizable non-toxic oil.

Abstract: A method of treating a body fluid which is to be infused so as to inactivate any enveloped viruses in said fluid comprises mixing the body fluid with an effective amount of a photosensitizing agent which will bind to the viruses and/or virus infected cells and photosensitize them, and then exposing the resulting mixture to visible light to excite and inactivate the viruses. An apparatus for use in the method includes at least one container which contains an effective amount of the photosensitizing agent and which has at least one wall which is permeable to visible light. A number of photosensitizing agents which can be used in the method also are disclosed.

Abstract: A vaccine for protecting canine animals from disease caused by infection with canine corona virus (CCV) which comprises an effective amount of the cell-associated CCV peplomer protein. A polyvalent vaccine comprising an effective amount of cell-associated CCV peplomer protein and an effective amount of an antigenic component which is protective against one or more additional pathogenic organisms or viruses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A procedure for the inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in protein solutions as described, which process comprises addition of a phenol to a solution of this type, and allowing it to act. It is possible in this way, for example, to prepare products for human use which are free of any infectious HIV and thus do not transmit AIDS. Phenol is used at a low concentration and can be used at a ph of 3.5 to 4.5.

Abstract: A method of treatment of the diseases caused by AIDS virus which comprises administering an effective amount of prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitor to a subject in need of such treatment.

Abstract: Attenuated pseudorabies viruses are provided which comprise DNA including a sequence essential for replication of the attenuated virus, at least a portion of which is present in a sequence essential for replication of a naturally-occurring pseudorabies virus, from which at least a portion of a repeat sequence has been deleted. These viruses are useful as vaccines for immunizing animals against pseudorabies virus disease.The invention also provides methods of preparing attenuated pseudorabies viruses.

Abstract: Retroviral vaccines are provided comprising incompetent retroviruses containing defective RNA produced by growing viral transformed cells in the presence of interferon. The resulting defective viruses by themselves or in combination with interferon can be used as vaccines for immunizing viral sensitive hosts against infection. A novel feline interferon is produced in culture with cells infected with the defective non-infectious retroviruses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new variety of retroviruses designated human immunodeficiency virus type II, HIV-II, samples of which have been deposited at CNCM as I-502 and I-532. It also concerns purified forms of the antigens which can be obtained from this virus, in particular from the gp 36 and gp 130-140 proteins. These various antigens are useful in medical diagnosis, in particular by being placed in contact with serum of the patient to be diagnosed. Lastly, the invention relates to immunizing compositions, in particular containing at least one of glycoproteins gp 36 and gp 130-140.

Abstract: Diluent compositions for preparing specimens for immunoassay contain effective amounts of salt and non-ionic surfactants to inactivate viruses in the specimens and improve the sensitivity and specificity of the immunoassays; said diluents having some strengths of from about 21 to about 35 mS/cm and comprising 0.05 to 1% non-ionic surfactants, along with other conventional ingredients. The invention relates as well to immunoassay procedures using the novel diluents.

Abstract: A vaccine against a DNA virus, for exmaple, Herpes simplex virus, is prepared by incubating a cell sample which has been infected with the virus, releasing the nuclei in the infected cell material from the cytoplasmic fraction of that material, chemically fixing the polypeptide chains in the cytoplasmic fraction, and forming a precipitate which includes the virus antigens in the cytoplasmic fraction, the precipitate providing the active constituent of the vaccine. A characteristic strain of the virus is preferred, and transfers its characteristics to the vaccine so that vaccinated subjects may subsequently be distinguished from infected subjects.

Abstract: PrU.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTSThe invention described herein was made in the course of work under a grant or award from the National Institutes of Health. The U.S. Government has certain rights in this invention pursuant to such grant or award.

Abstract: Recovery of antigen from cells containing an intracellular parasite, in particular a virus, by extracting the antigen from the cells with a hypertonic salt solution. CMV antigen extracted in this manner may be supported on particles and used in an agglutination assay for CMV antibody.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the pasteurization of plasma proteins and plasma protein fractions without essentially impairing their biological activity, by subjecting a suspension of the plasma proteins or plasma protein fractions in glycerol esters of saturated or singly or multiply unsaturated fatty acids having 4-22 carbon atoms, or mixtures of these esters, as the inert heat-transfer agent, with a maximum water content of the suspension of 1% by weight, to a heat treatment at temperatures of 50.degree. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Novel vaccines for feline viral rhinotracheitis are prepared by psoralen inactivation of live Feline Herpesvirus I by exposure to ultraviolet radiation in the presence of an inactivating furocoumarin. The resulting inactivated viruses are suitable as the immunogenic substances in vaccines, which vaccines are useful for inoculation of hosts susceptible to feline virus rhinotracheitis.

Abstract: A method of removing lipid soluble process chemicals from biological materials containing the lipid soluble process chemicals comprising bringing the biological materials containing the lipid soluble process chemicals into contact with an effective amount of a naturally occurring oil extracted from a plant or an animal or a synthetic compound of similar chemical structure, agitating the resultant mixture, separating out an upper-phase and a lower-phase by sedimentation and decanting the upper-phase. The method is particularly useful for producing relatively virus free physiologically acceptable plasma.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the cloning and expression of Streptococcus pyogenes M protein genes, and, in particular, types 5, 6 and 24 genes in single-cell host organisms. The streptococcal M protein produced by the recombinant DNA techniques described herein may be formulated for use as immunogens in vaccines to protect against S. pyogenes infections. The gene for the M protein may further be employed as a molecular probe for the accurate identification of streptococci in infected body tissues and fluids.

Abstract: A method of inactivating viruses comprises bringing the viruses into contact with an effective amount of a photosensitizing agent which will bind to the viruses and/or virus infected cells, and then exposing the resulting mixture to visible light to excite and inactivate the viruses.

Abstract: Disclosed is a temperature - sensitive (ts) mutant of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus which shows a considerably limited replication ability at the animal body temperature. The mutant is prepared by reacting wild-type BVD with a chemical mutagen such as nitrous acid. The mutant virous is advantageously used in vaccine compositions because it is capable of inducing immunity in bovines without causing serious side effects.

Abstract: A novel feline fibroblastic cell line infected with Snyder-Theilen feline leukemia virus is provided. The cell line produces large amounts of FeLV when cultured in a medium free from serum supplement. The latter aspect is a substantial advantage since it reduces the expense of culturing and eliminates the need to separate serum from culture medium prior to preparing a vaccine.Feline fibroblastic cell line FF64/280 was deposited at the American Type Culture Collection on Apr. 17, 1984, and granted accession no. VR 2085.

Abstract: Vaccines employing inactivated viruses having improved retention of antigenic characteristics are prepared by psoralen-inactivation of the live virus in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. By excluding oxygen and other oxidizing species from the inactivation medium, degradation of the antigen characteristics resulting from irradiation with ultraviolet light is largely prevented. The resulting inactivated viruses are employed in vaccine preparations for the inoculation of susceptible hosts to inhibit viral infection.

Abstract: An improved herpes simplex virus subunit vaccine being effective against both of HSV type 1 and type 2 and having high safety and high effectiveness, which comprises as an active component a highly purified glycoprotein gB which is a component common to Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, and a method for preparing the herpes simplex virus subunit vaccine and also a lyophilized preparation of the vaccine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of virus vaccine, comprising covalently attaching virus to saccharide to form a virus-saccharide conjugate, and harvesting the resultant conjugate. The virus vaccine, prepared according to the present invention, exhibits a higher producibility of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies, while it induces less or substantially no production of immunoglobulin E antibody, in comparison with conventional-type inactivated virus vaccine; thus, the present vaccine is favorably usable for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.

Abstract: A rabies vaccine composition is disclosed which comprises a sterilized suspension of proteineous suckling mice or rat brain particles of injectable particle size laden with an amount of inactivated rabies virus which is equivalent to a virus titer of at least 10.sup.5.0 to about 10.sup.6 MLD.sub.50 per 0.1 milliliter thereof at a brain tissue concentration of from about 0.3% to about 5.0% by weight, in physiological buffer solution having a pH of between about 7.5 and about 8.0 and comprising an amount dissolved therein, of between 0.02 and 0.08, preferably 0.04, moles per liter, of a buffer composition comprising a mixture of an organic base formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each are CH.sub.2, C.sub.2 H.sub.4 or C.sub.3 H.sub.6, preferably C.sub.2 H.sub.4 combined with between 0.03 and 0.12, preferably 0.06 moles per liter of its corresponding salt, preferable sodium salt. The presence of ethylene maleic anhydride enhances the effectiveness of the composition.

Abstract: Vaccine prepared by inactivation of non-enveloped virus with cis-diamino chelated platinous halide in presence of an effective amount of a detergent. Method of inactivation particularly applicable employing a non-ionic detergent in inactivating a double stranded RNA virus.

Abstract: A live bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus vaccine capable of producing immunity in bovines without causing significant side effects comprising a temperature sensitive (ts) mutant of BVD virus which is obtained by mutating a strain of BVD virus with nitrous acid. The temperature sensitive mutants show a replication ability considerably limited at the animal body temperature of 39.5.degree. C. The vaccine may be combined with other live bovine vaccines such as respiratory virus vaccines and then administered to bovines.

Abstract: The preparation of a vaccine for immunization of canine and feline animals from inactivated HCP-SAD strain of rabies virus is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of inactivating a lipid virus in a protein carrier by contacting said virus for an abbreviated period of time and ambient temperature with a halohydrocarbon solvent or treating agent, preferably chloroform, in an amount of 5% v/v to 50% v/v. Preferred lipid viruses are Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and non-A, non-B Hepatitis (NANBH).

Abstract: Described are thymidine kinase negative temperature resistant mutants of bovine herpesvirus effective in inducing resistance to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, methods for their production, methods for maintaining them in viable form, and methods for administering them to animals in immunologically effective doses to induce resistance to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.

Abstract: Novel vaccines of double-stranded RNA viruses are prepared by psoralen inactivation under mild conditions in an inert atmosphere, optionally in the presence of a mild singlet oxygen scavenger. The resulting inactivated virus can be used as a vaccine for inoculation of hosts to provide for the stimulation of the immune system to the virus.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing virus sub-units with lipid envelopes, comprising, in a neutral or basic pH, dissolving a lower halogenated hydrocarbon, at a concentration equivalent to or approximating its limit of solubility, in an aqueous virus suspension, thereafter contacting, with stirring, the preparation so obtained with a nonionic detergent at a minimum concentration effective to induce disruption of virions into heavy sub-units for a length of time sufficient to permit said disruption, and in separating the heavy sub-units so obtained from the reaction medium. The process permits preparation of purified disrupted antigens for use as vaccines, notably influenza vaccines.

Abstract: A method of inactivating a lipid virus in a protein carrier selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) by contacting said virus for an extended period of time and ambient temperature with a halohydrocarbon treating agent preferably chloroform in an amount of 5% v/v to 50% v/v.

Abstract: The invention relates to virus vaccines and to a process for the preparation thereof especially to polio virus vaccines and other picorna virus vaccines, such as foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.The invention provides vaccines which are stabilized and show an improved activity by the addition of compounds of formula I of the formula sheet, in which R.sub.1 en R.sub.2 each represent an alkyl- or alkoxy group of not more than 6 carbon atoms, preferably not more than 4 carbon atoms,A represents a bivalent hydrocarbon radical of 3-12 carbon atoms,R.sub.3 represents an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl radical and n is 1 or 0.

Abstract: Infectivity and replication of influenza viruses in successive numbers of cells of the same liquid cell culture is assured by including a protein hydrolyzing enzyme in the culture during virus incubation. Technique overcomes "one-step growth cycle" of virus and allows commercial influenza vaccine production from liquid cell cultures instead of from more costly embryonated chicken eggs. Resulting vaccine is thus substantially free of egg proteins.

Abstract: Viruses, particularly hepatitis viruses, in blood clotting enzyme compositions are inactivated with little enzyme activity loss by heating the compositions in the dry state. The novel products which result are therapeutically and diagnostically useful.

Abstract: Biological indicators are used to evaluate the effectiveness of virus inactivation conducted on virus-contaminated, protein-containing compositions. The indicators comprise dry protein and a predetermined titer of infectious virus.

Abstract: A process for inactivating foot-and-mouth disease virus by incubating such virus in the presence of soluble ammonium or Group IA salts and recovering the inactivated and stable virus.

Abstract: A process for producing a recombinant between simian virus 40 (SV40) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is given. When tissue culture cells are infected with the recombinant, hepatitis B surface antigen is produced. Because a single cloned gene is used, the surface antigen produced is homogeneous and can be produced without conventional dependence on human sera. The antigen is excreted into the culture medium as 22 nm particles with the same physical properties, antigenic composition and constituent polypeptides as those found in the sera of patients with Type B hepatitis. The antigen is useful for the preparation of vaccines.

Abstract: Influenza virus is extracted with a mixture of ether and ethanol, the aqueous and organic phases are separated and residual ether removed from the virus suspension under reduced pressure. The resulting product is useful as an influenza vaccine.

Abstract: The preparation of a vaccine for immunization of canine and feline animals from inactivated HCP-SAD strain of rabies virus is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to rotavirus vaccines for man and to methods of using them.The vaccines comprise an effective dose of bovine rotavirus which is either attenuated or inactivated.The invention comprises a method of immunizing human beings against human rotavirus infections by administering said vaccines by intramuscular, oral or nasal route; it further comprises a method of immunizing infants by boosting their mother with said vaccines prior to the birth of said infants.

Abstract: Infectivity and replication of influenza viruses in successive numbers of cells of the same liquid cell culture is assured by including a protein hydrolyzing enzyme in the culture during virus incubation. Technique overcomes "one-step growth cycle" of virus and allows commercial influenza vaccine production from liquid cell cultures instead of from more costly embryonated chicken eggs. Resulting vaccine is thus substantially free of egg proteins.