Abstract: Disclosed in this invention is a process for the preparation of adenosine-5'-triphosphate by means of fermentation, using an adenosine-5-triphosphate-producing bacterium which assimilates methanol.

Abstract: Novel yeasts are disclosed including Pichia pastoris NRRL Y-11430, yeasts having the characteristics of Pichia pastoris NRRL Y-11430, mutants of Pichia pastoris NRRL Y-11430, and strains derived therefrom. Also disclosed are methods of culturing the strains, and biochemical conversions employing the strains.

Abstract: Processes for the fermentation production of L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), and to microorganisms (e.g., Candida Norvegensis MF-56, ATCC 20686) and fermentation media which are specifically adapted for such fermentation.

Abstract: A process for producing wax esters having the general structural formula RCO.sub.2 R', where R and R' are radicals selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.a CH.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.b - and CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.c - where a+b=12-14 for R and 13-15 for R' and where c=14-16 for R and 15-17 for R'. The method includes aerobically incubating a culture of microorganisms of the genus Acinetobacter species HO1-N, in an aqueous mineral salts solution containing ethanol as a primary food source. Incubation is performed at a temperature known to produce a desired percentage of diene, monoene and saturated R and R' moieties in the mixture.

Abstract: A process for producing D-.beta.-hydroxyalkanoic acids by utilizing microorganisms having an ability of stereospecifically converting alkanoic acids, 2-alkenoic acids or alcohols into D-.beta.-hydroxyalkanoic acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel facultative methylotrophic microorganisms of the genus Hyphomicrobium, to protein-containing biomass, and to a process for the microbiological purification of aqueous solutions, e.g. wastewaters, which contain methanol, ethanol, glucose, dimethyl phosphite, trimethyl phosphite, sodium formate, sodium acetate, methylammonium chloride, dimethylammonium chloride, ethylmethylammonium chloride or, chiefly, sodium methyl sulfate, as pollutants. The respective microorganism is cultured in aqueous solution and the pollutant is degraded simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel facultative methylotrophic microorganisms of the genus Pseudomonas, or of a genus Pseudomonas-type genus, to protein-containing biomass, and to a process for the microbiological purification of aqueous solutions, e.g. wastewater solutions, which contain methanol, ethanol, acetate, glucose, alkylammonium compounds, e.g., trimethylethylammonium chloride, or alkylamine oxides, e.g. trimethylamine oxide, as pollutants.

Abstract: Mutant yeasts of the strain Pichia pastoris have been developed which contain relatively high levels of methionine. These high methionine content Pichia pastoris mutants grow on an oxygenated hydrocarbon such as methanol, to produce improved amino acid balance single-cell protein product eliminating or reducing the need to supplement single-cell protein with methionine when used as food supplements.

Abstract: Vitamin B.sub.12 -active substances are produced by the fermentation of an aqueous medium consisting essentially of methanol as the main source of assimilable carbon, a source of assimilable nitrogen, cobalt ions and essential growth factors and minerals with a vitamin B.sub.12 -activity substance producing organism capable of growing under anaerobic conditions.

Abstract: L-threonine is produced by aerobically culturing a bacterium belonging to the genus Acinetobacter, which utilizes ethanol and has an ability to produce and accumulate L-threonine, in a culture medium in which ethanol is the main carbon source to produce and accumulate L-threonine in a culture liquor and recovering L-threonine from the culture liquor. The bacterium is preferably a mutant of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus YK-1011 (Ferm-P No. 5910).

Abstract: A process for the propagation of microbial cells and the production of fermentation products, such as acetic and butyric acid, comprises anaerobically growing an acidogenic bacterium, such as a strain of Butyribacterium methylotrophicum ATCC 33226, in a nutrient medium containing a single carbon product, such as methanol, as the fermentation substrate or main source of assimilable carbon, accumulating the microbial cells in said medium and then separating and recovering said microbial cells and desired fermentation products from the spent media.

Abstract: The invention disclosed provides a method for synthesizing proteins by means of strains of microorganisms improved as regards their performances in using methanol.

Abstract: Microbial cells are produced in great quantities and good yield, and economically by cultivating a bacterium belonging to species selected from the group consisting of Flavobacterium tosaensis, Pseudomonas wakayamaensis, Flavobacterium methanolicola, Corynebacterium yamanasiensis, in a culture medium containing methanol as a major carbon source. Methanol is abundantly available from the chemical industry. The resultant microbial cells have a high protein content and can be utilized as feed, food, medical and industrial materials.

Abstract: Poly beta hydroxybutyric acid is produced by the aerobic culture of Methylobacterium organophilum strains NCIB 11482 to 11488 inclusive on a carbon source such as methanol.

Abstract: Process for the culture of aerobic microorganisms in a culture medium provided with at least one source of oxygen, at least one source of carbon and at least one source of hydrogen, comprises providing oxygen originating from the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide as a source of oxygen and providing at least one highly inflammable product as a source of carbon and hydrogen.

Abstract: For the production of biological masses of microbial origin, the yeast strain NRRL-Y 11119 uses ethanol as a carbon source and an energy source simultaneously. Proteic biomasses of a very good quality are obtained.

Abstract: Growth of bacteria belonging to new species of genera Pseudomonas, Microcyclus and Hyphomicrobium upon culture media comprising sources of assimilable carbon, for example oxygenated hydrocarbons, and inorganic nutrients to produce protein compositions and/or other fermentation products, for example amino acids. The protein compositions produced are suitable for use as protein supplements in human and animal foods.

Abstract: A process of general applicability in the microbiological field wherein a culture is subjected to periods of availability and non-availability of an essential energy source such as a carbon source, i.e. the energy source is supplied in pulses. The efficiency of the culture in converting substrate carbon to cellular carbon varies depending upon the relative duration of the periods of availability and non-availability of the energy source. Thus depending upon the relative duration chosen the process can be applied differently, i.e. when the efficiency is high the process is suitable for single cell protein production while when it is low it is suitable for waste water treatment.

Abstract: Single cell protein (SCP) and other fermentation products are produced by aerobic fermentation processes at relatively high fermentation temperature conditions employing oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds, such as an alcohol, as carbon and energy source material, and employing a unique thermophilic mixed culture of bacteria NRRL B-8158 as microbial conversion agent.

Abstract: Continuous process for the cultivation of yeast cells under aerobic conditions in an aqueous growth medium, to which an aqueous nutrient medium comprising a source of assimilable nitrogen and methanol of a source of assimilable carbon is continuously added. The yeast belongs to the species Candida boidinii and the nutrient medium comprises a primary source of assimilable nitrogen consisting of urea and a secondary source of assimilable nitrogen chosen from ammonia, ammonium hydroxide and ammonium salts, the ratio between nitrogen in the primary source and that in the secondary source being from 2:1 to 1:20.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for digesting garbage or garbage contained wastes, particularly to a microbiological treatment which facilitates the treatment with high efficiency and economics, for the recovery of methane gas, first, by effecting an alcohol fermentation treatment by alcohol fermentative yeasts which can directly convert starch into ethanol without a starch hydrolysis pretreatment in the slurry state, followed by a direct methanization by methane bacteria of the fermented product containing ethanol, without effecting sterilization treatment of garbage or garbage contained wastes.

Abstract: A process for producing L-valine or L-lysine which comprises aerobically culturing a bacterium belonging to the genus Acinetobacter, which utilizes ethanol and has an ability to produce and accumulate L-valine or L-lysine, in a culture medium in which ethanol is the main carbon source to produce and accumulate L-valine and/or L-lysine and collecting.

Abstract: A process for preparing L-tryptophan by fermentation which comprises cultivating on a medium containing ethanol as the main carbon source a microorganism of the genus Serratia that utilizes ethanol and has the ability to produce L-tryptophan, and recovering the accumulated L-tryptophan from the culture.

Abstract: Disclosed are newly discovered and isolated methylotrophic microorganism strains and their natural and/or artificial mutants which grow well under aerobic conditions in a culture medium in the presence of methane as the major carbon and energy source. The methane-grown microbial cells possess a high content of protein and can be utilized as such as feedstuffs. The methane-grown microbial cells or enzyme preparations thereof are also useful in converting C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkanes to alcohols, particularly methane to methanol, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkanes to the corresponding C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 sec. alcohols and methyl ketones, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 sec. alcohols to the corresponding methyl ketones, cyclic hydrocarbons to cyclic hydrocarbyl alcohols (e.g., cyclohexane to cyclohexanol) C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenes selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, butene-1 and butadiene to 1,2-epoxides, styrene to styrene oxide, and converting other oxidizable substrates to oxidized products.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of synthesizing single cell protein from residual oils and/or coal by a mutually advantageous combination of a synthesis gas generation process or a coal gasification process in the production of methanol and ammonia, and their use by the protein producing bacteria.

Abstract: New polysaccharide named M-30-C produced by cultivation of new strain Pseudomonas polysaccharogenes M-30 and having utility as hypocholesterol agents.

Abstract: A process for culturing methanol-utilizing yeasts, wherein a methanol-utilizing yeast is cultured in a medium containing methanol as a main carbon source, using as seeds yeast cells obtained by culturing the yeast in a culture liquor containing methanol at a concentration higher than 0.1 wt. % and not more than 6 wt. %.

Abstract: Growth of yeasts requiring organic growth factors such as vitamins in an aerobic fermentation process is improved by dechlorination of residual chlorine from residual chlorine-containing make-up water.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of a mixture of various low molecular weight hydroxyaldehydes, hydroxyketones and polyhydric alcohols by the condensation of formaldehyde with itself. The essential feature of the improvement is that unpurified synthesis gases of the kind obtained from the large scale industrial production of formaldehyde can be used directly as the source of formaldehyde.

Abstract: Growth of pseudomycelial yeasts and removal of bacterial contamination in conventional fermentation processes are accomplished by withdrawing product as a foam from the fermentor.

Abstract: A fermentation apparatus of the loop flow type includes a tubular member forming a continuous or substantially continuous loop flow path defined by the interior surface of the tubular member. A heat exchanger surrounds a portion of the tubular member and is in heat transfer relation thereto and inside the tubular member at the point where the heat exchange means surrounds the tubular member mixing vanes or fins are secured to the tubular member to effect mixing of medium flowing through the tubular member. A spray nozzle is provided just upstream of the mixing vanes and is operable for discharge of medium into the flow path adjacent the heat exchange means. A pump is connected to the nozzle and pressurizes medium taken from the flow path and discharges same through the nozzle. Injectors open into the flow path adjacent the heat exchange means and are operable for introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the medium contained in the flow path.

Abstract: A microbiological medium suitable for sterilization by ionizing radiation is prepared containing an electron acceptor that reduces adverse changes in the medium during ionizing radiation and increases the degree of ionization caused by ionizing radiation whereby a greater number of microorganisms is destroyed. A preferred electron acceptor is a combination of NADH and NAD or a combination of NADH and pyridoxine hydrochloride.

Abstract: A continuous fermentation process for the production of single cell protein employing fermentation apparatus for improved oxygen utilization comprising a fermentation section and an upper contiguous absorber section communicating therewith wherein a gas contacting zone is employed to contact cooled recycled fermentation liquid and make up nutrients with partially oxygen depleted oxygenating gas in countercurrent flow whereby the oxygen content of the fermentation liquid is enriched.

Abstract: A method of increasing yield of yeast cells on a carbon source of crude methanol or crude ethanol is given.

Abstract: A process for the production of microbial cells by fermenting a carbonaceous material in a foam fermenter containing an oxygen-enriched nutrient medium. The process uses a source of carbon which is assimilable by the microorganism for the production of the microbial cells. The microbial cells are separated and removed from the foam fermenter for use as a food product high in protein content. .Iadd.

Abstract: Single cell protein (SCP) and other fermentation products are produced by aerobic fermentation processes at relatively high temperature conditions employing oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds, such as methanol, as carbon and energy source material, and employing certain unique species Bacillus NRRL B-8066 or NRRL B-8065 as microbial conversion agent, preferably in foam-filled fermentation means.