Abstract: The present invention relates to cells that have been genetically manipulated to have an altered capacity to produce expressed proteins. In particular, the present invention relates to Gram-positive microorganisms having exogenous nucleic acid sequences introduced therein and methods for producing proteins in such host cells, such as members of the genus Bacillus. More specifically, the present invention relates to the expression, production and secretion of a polypeptide of interest and to cells that have been genetically manipulated to have an altered capacity to produce expressed proteins. In particular, the present invention provides for the enhanced expression of a selected polypeptide by a microorganism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cells that have been genetically manipulated to have an altered capacity to produce expressed proteins. In particular, the present invention relates to Gram-positive microorganisms having exogenous nucleic acid sequences introduced therein and methods for producing proteins in such host cells, such as members of the genus Bacillus. More specifically, the present invention relates to the expression, production and secretion of a polypeptide of interest and to cells that have been genetically manipulated to have an altered capacity to produce expressed proteins. In particular, the present invention provides for the enhanced expression of a selected polypeptide by a microorganism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cells that have been genetically manipulated to have an altered capacity to produce expressed proteins. In particular, the present invention relates to Gram-positive microorganisms having exogenous nucleic acid sequences introduced therein and methods for producing proteins in such host cells, such as members of the genus Bacillus. More specifically, the present invention relates to the expression, production and secretion of a polypeptide of interest and to cells that have been genetically manipulated to have an altered capacity to produce expressed proteins. In particular, the present invention provides for the enhanced expression of a selected polypeptide by a microorganism.

Abstract: Nucleic acid compositions encoding novel chromo/fluoroproteins and mutants thereof are provided. The subject proteins of interest are proteins that are colored and/or fluorescent, where this feature arises from the interaction of two or more residues of the protein. The subject proteins are further characterized in that they are either obtained from non-bioluminescent Cnidarian, e.g., Anthozoan, species or are obtained from non-Pennatulacean (sea pen) species. Specific proteins of interest include proteins obtained from the following specific Anthozoan species: Anemonia majano (NFP-1), Clavularia sp. (NFP-2), Zoanthus sp. (NFP-3 & NFP-4), Discosoma striata (NFP-5), Discosoma sp. “red”(NFP-6), Anemonia sulcata (NFP-7), Discosoma sp “green”(NFP-8), and Discosoma sp.“magenta”(NFP-9). Also of interest are proteins that are substantially similar to, or mutants of, the above specific proteins.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of interferon alpha 5 in the treatment of viral hepatopathies. The invention describes the reduced synthesis of IFN?5 in the livers of patients with hepatitis C in comparison to healthy livers. The sub-type of IFN expressed in said healthy livers corresponded only to the subtype alpha 5 in comparison with the different sub-types expressed in ill livers. The sequence SEQ ID NO:1 shows the partial sequence of cDNA corresponding to IFN?5. These significant differences between the expression patterns of some livers an others demonstrate the importance of the use of such interferon sub-type in the fabrication of compositions useful in the treatment of viral hepatopathies. The invention discloses in details such utilization in different forms and processes, including those which use the production of recombinant proteins from sequences of the type SEQ ID NO:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to proteins which have a role in controlling neuronal cell migration and cell death as well as to the DNA which encode those proteins. It is an object of the present invention to provide control of cell migration and/or cell death by providing a method for screening for promoters or inhibitors of proteins which affect the control of cell migration and/or cell death of neurons by interacting with an actin-binding protein, Filamin 1, through promoting the degradation of Filamin 1 or the DNA encoding Filamin 1. The cDNAs of S-FILIP, L-FILIP and h-FILIP cDNAs, which interact with Filamin 1, thereby negatively affecting cell migration and cell death by promoting the degradation of Filamin 1, were isolated and the full nucleotide and amino acid sequences thereof were determined.

Abstract: There are disclosed a stable factor VIII/vWF-complexes, particularly comprising high-molecular vWF multimers, being free from low-molecular vWF molecules and from proteolytic vWF degradation products, as well as methods of producing these complexes.

Abstract: This invention provides nucleic acids encoding human PAK5-related proteins, and provides the encoded proteins. This invention also provides vectors, cells and compositions. Finally, this invention provides methods of inducing and inhibiting various cellular processes using the instant nucleic acids and proteins.

Abstract: A GFP with an F64L mutation and E222G mutation is provided. This GFP has a bigger Stokes shift compared to other GFPs making it very suitable for high throughput screening due to a better resolution. This GFP also has an excitation maximum between the yellow GFP and the cyan GFP allowing for clearer band separation when used together with those GFPs. Examples include the sequences in SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 4.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of cultivating oil-bearing microbes using cellulosic material. Also provided are microorganisms that manufacture non-alcohol-based fuels and fuel feedstocks through a process of converting cellulosic materials into oils. Also provided are compositions comprising depolymerized cellulosic materials and oil-bearing microbes. Some methods of microbial fermentation are provided that comprise combining depolymerized cellulosic materials with other non-cellulosic feedstocks to enhance the economics of renewable fuel manufacturing. Particular advantages of the processes provided herein include production of oils rather than alcohols through cellulosic processes. Additional advantages include methods for manufacturing high nutrition oils from non-edible feedstocks such as wood chips, switchgrass, and bagasse.

Abstract: Protease-like nucleic acid molecules and polypeptides and fragments and variants thereof are disclosed in the current invention. In addition, protease-like fusion proteins, antigenic peptides, and anti-protease-like antibodies are encompassed. The invention also provides vectors containing a nucleic acid molecule of the invention and cells into which the vectors have been introduced. Methods for producing the polypeptides and methods of use for the polypeptides of the invention are further disclosed.

Abstract: Nucleic acid compositions encoding novel chromo/fluoroproteins and mutants thereof, are provided. The subject proteins of interest are proteins that are colored and/or fluorescent, where this feature arises from the interaction of two or more residues of the protein. The subject proteins are further characterized in that they are either obtained from non-bioluminescent Cnidarian, e.g., Anthozoan, species or are obtained from non-Pennatulacean (sea pen) species. Specific proteins of interest include proteins obtained from the following specific Anthozoan species: Anemonia majano (NFP-1), Clavularia sp. (NFP-2), Zoanthus sp. (NFP-3 & NFP-4),Discosoma striata (NFP-5), Discosoma sp. “red” (NFP-6), Anemonia sulcata (NFP-7), Discosoma sp “green” (NFP-8), and Discosoma sp.“magenta” (NFP-9). Also of interest are proteins that are substantially similar to, or mutants of, the above specific proteins.

Abstract: Nucleic acid compositions encoding novel chromo/fluoroproteins and mutants thereof are provided. The subject proteins of interest are proteins that are colored and/or fluorescent, where this feature arises from the interaction of two or more residues of the protein. The subject proteins are further characterized in that they are obtained from non-bioluminescent Cnidarian, e.g., Anthozoan, species or are obtained from non-Pennatulacean (sea pen) species. Specific protiens of interest include protiens obtained from the following specific Anthozoan species: Anemonia majano (NFP-1), Clavularia sp. (NFP-2), Zoanthus sp. (NFP-3 & NFP-4), Discosoma striata (NFP-5), Discosoma sp. “red” (NFP-6), Anemonia sulcata (NFP-7), Discosoma sp. “green” (NFP-8), and Discosoma sp. “magneta” (NFP-9). Also of interest are proteins that are substantially similar to, or mutants of, the above specific proteins.

Abstract: A DNA encoding for a mutant of LysE protein, or a homologous protein thereof, of a coryneform bacterium, wherein the mutant, when introduced into a methanol-assimilating bacterium imparts resistance to L-lysine analogue. The DNA encoding for a mutant of LysE protein, or a homologous protein thereof, is introduced into a methanol-assimilating bacterium to improve L-lysine and L-arginine productivity of the methanol-assimilating bacterium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of triacylglycerol in a transformed organism or host cell, by means of a nucleotide sequence from S. cerevisiae, whereby said enzyme catalyzes the transfer of fatty acids from phospholipids to diacylglycerol in any acyl-CoA-independent reaction. The transformation of the organism or host cell results in increased oil content.

Abstract: Materials and methods to produce modified polyketides are disclosed. The biosynthesis, transfer and regulator genes for various sugars to effectuate polyketide modification are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel human coagulation Factor VIIa variants having coagulant activity as well as polynucleotide constructs encoding such variants, vectors and host cells comprising and expressing the polynucleotide, pharmaceutical compositions, uses and methods of treatment.

Abstract: The invention concerns nucleic acids encoding coagulation Factor VII variants in which the Leu residue in position 305 has been replaced by another amino acid residue. The invention further concerns the expression of such nucleic acids resulting in a Factor VII variant having increased biological activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel human coagulation Factor VIIa variants having coagulant activity as well as polynucleotide constructs encoding such variants, vectors and host cells comprising and expressing the polynucleotide, pharmaceutical compositions, uses and methods of treatment.

Abstract: Host cells, such as E. coli, are provided with an expression system for making starter units required for biosynthesis of polyketides using the ato pathway.

Abstract: Provided are four new fluorescent proteins. The proteins were derived from two wild-type fluorescent proteins: a red fluorescent protein (RFP) that was isolated from Actinodiscus or Discosoma sp. 1 and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) isolated from Montastraea cavernosa. Two mutant forms were generated from each wild-type protein. Each of the mutated forms has a higher fluorescence intensity than the respective wild-type form. The mutant forms of the fluorescent proteins allow for more sensitive detection of the fluorescence emitted by the proteins. Additionally, one of the mutant proteins is more resistant to photobleaching than its wild-type protein. The invention also encompasses isolated nucleic acids encoding the mutant forms of the wild-type RFP and GFP.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of microorganisms for the generation of ethanol from lignocellulosic waste materials. Yeast strains of the genus Kluyveromyces which have the capability to ferment cellulose, hexose sugars to ethanol are provided. Also provided are methods for converting cellulose, hexoses, or mixed hydrolysates of hexoses to ethanol by fermentation with Kluyveromyces strains. The invention also provides methods to isolate yeast strains which metabolize cellulose, pentoses, or hemicelluloses from waste materials.

Abstract: A system including a harvested plant material degradation system, a microbial growth system in fluid contact with the harvested plant material degradation system, and an intermediary animal system in biomass-transfer interaction with the microbial growth system is disclosed. The intermediary animal can be fed to a product animal for consumption by the product animal. The intermediary animal can be worms, annelids, arthropods, mollusks, and/or fish. The intermediary animal can be provided for human consumption and/or consumption by a product animal, such as a crustacean, mollusk, fish, bird, pig, goat or cow. The product animal can be subsequently provided for human consumption. The harvested plant material degradation system can include polyculture plant material or photosynthetically produced material obtained from a single species of plant.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for inducing an immunological CTL response to an antigen by sustained, regular delivery of the antigen to a mammal so that the antigen reaches the lymphatic system. Antigen is delivered at a level sufficient to induce an immunologic CTL response in a mammal and the level of the antigen in the mammal's lymphatic system is maintained over time sufficient to maintain the immunologic CTL response. Also disclosed is an article of manufacture for delivering an antigen that induces a CTL response in an animal.

Abstract: The sequence of the disorazole polyketide synthase protein gene is disclosed. Domains of disorazole polyketide synthase and polynucleotides encoding them are provided. Methods to prepare disorazoles in pharmaceutically useful quantities are described, as are methods to prepare disorazole analogs and other polyketides using the polynucleotides encoding disorazole polyketide synthase domains or modifying enzymes.

Abstract: An antimicrobial peptide produced by Bacillus subtilis 168 was isolated and characterized and named sublancin 168. The invention includes DNA encoding for the sublancin 168 peptides and peptides which are at least 80% identical to the sublancin 168 peptide. The peptides may be administered as anti-bacterials, or may be used in food preservation. The peptides may also be co-administered with other lantibiotics (such as nisin and subtilin), or with known antibiotics.

Abstract: A microorganism of the genus Rhodococcus is provided which has a higher sensitivity to lysozyme at a low concentration than a wild-type strain, which can easily cause cell lysis, and from which a recombinant protein expressed therein is easily recovered. More specifically, a mutant microorganism of the genus Rhodococcus having a higher sensitivity to lysozyme than a wild-type microorganism of the genus Rhodococcus.

Abstract: Nucleic acid compositions encoding novel chromo/fluoroproteins and mutants thereof, are provided. The subject proteins of interest are proteins that are colored and/or fluorescent, where this feature arises from the interaction of two or more residues of the protein. The subject proteins are further characterized in that they are either obtained from non-bioluminescent Cnidarian, e.g., Anthozoan, species or are obtained from non-Pennatulacean (sea pen) species. Specific proteins of interest include proteins obtained from the following specific Anthozoan species: Anemonia majano (NFP-1), Clavularia sp. (NFP-2),Zoanthus sp. (NFP-3 & NFP-4), Discosoma striata (NFP-5), Discosoma sp. “red” (NFP-6), Anemonia sulcata (NFP-7), Discosoma sp “green” (NFP-8), and Discosoma sp.“magenta” (NFP-9). Also of interest are proteins that are substantially similar to, or mutants of, the above specific proteins.

Abstract: Nucleic acid compositions encoding novel chromo/fluoroproteins and mutants thereof, are provided. The subject proteins of interest are proteins that are colored and/or fluorescent, where this feature arises from the interaction of two or more residues of the protein. The subject proteins are further characterized in that they are either obtained from non-bioluminescent Cnidarian, e.g., Anthozoan, species or are obtained from non-Pennatulacean (sea pen) species. Specific proteins of interest include proteins obtained from the following specific Anthozoan species: Anemonia majano (NFP-1), Clavularia sp. (NFP-2), Zoanthus sp. (NFP-3 & NFP-4), Discosoma striata (NFP-5), Discosoma sp. “red” (NFP-6), Anemonia sulcata (NFP-7), Discosoma sp “green” (NFP-8), and Discosoma sp. “magenta” (NFP-9). Also of interest are proteins that are substantially similar to, or mutants of, the above specific proteins.

Abstract: Nucleic acid compositions encoding novel chromo/fluoroproteins and mutants thereof, are provided. The subject proteins of interest are proteins that are colored and/or fluorescent, where this feature arises from the interaction of two or more residues of the protein. The subject proteins are further characterized in that they are either obtained from non-bioluminescent Cnidarian, e.g., Anthozoan, species or are obtained from non-Pennatulacean (sea pen) species. Specific proteins of interest include proteins obtained from the following specific Anthozoan species: Anemonia majano (NFP-1), Clavularia sp. (NFP-2), Zoanthus sp. (NFP-3 & NFP-4), Discosoma striata (NFP-5), Discosoma sp. “red”(NFP-6), Anemonia sulcata (NFP-7), Discosoma sp. “green” (NFP-8), and Discosoma sp.“magenta” (NFP-9). Also of interest are proteins that are substantially similar to, or mutants of, the above specific proteins.

Abstract: Nucleic acid compositions encoding novel chromo/fluoroproteins and mutants thereof, are provided. The subject proteins of interest are proteins that are colored and/or fluorescent, where this feature arises from the interaction of two or more residues of the protein. The subject proteins are further characterized in that they are either obtained from non-bioluminescent Cnidarian, e.g., Anthozoan, species or are obtained from non-Pennatulacean (sea pen) species. Specific proteins of interest include proteins obtained from the following specific Anthozoan species: Anemonia majano (NFP-1), Clavularia sp. (NFP-2), Zoanthus sp. (NFP-3 & NFP-4), Discosoma striata (NFP-5), Discosoma sp. “red”(NFP-6), Anemonia sulcata (NFP-7), Discosoma sp. “green” (NFP-8), and Discosoma sp.“magenta” (NFP-9). Also of interest are proteins that are substantially similar to, or mutants of, the above specific proteins.

Abstract: Nucleic acid compositions encoding novel chromo/fluoroproteins and mutants thereof, are provided. The subject proteins of interest are proteins that are colored and/or fluorescent, where this feature arises from the interaction of two or more residues of the protein. The subject proteins are further characterized in that they are either obtained from non-bioluminescent Cnidarian, e.g., Anthozoan, species or are obtained from non-Pennatulacean (sea pen) species. Specific proteins of interest include proteins obtained from the following specific Anthozoan species: Anemonia majano (NFP-1), Clavularia sp. (NFP-2), Zoanthus sp. (NFP-3 & NFP-4), Discosoma striata (NFP-5), Discosoma sp. “red” (NFP-6), Anemonia sulcata (NFP-7), Discosoma sp “green” (NFP-8), and Discosoma sp.“magenta” (NFP-9). Also of interest are proteins that are substantially similar to, or mutants of, the above specific proteins.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for efficiently producing sporangia of Bacillus popilliae containing spores and parasporal bodies having controlling effects on Scarabaeidae insects, and a control agent and controlling method for Scarabaeidae insects obtained by said production process. In a process for producing sporangia of Bacillus popilliae containing spores and parasporal bodies by culturing Bacillus popilliae in a medium containing an adsorbent, the medium contains 0.2-4.0% by weight of glutamic acid.

Abstract: The disclosure provides proteins that can be used to determine the redox status of an environment (such as the environment within a cell or subcellular compartment). These proteins are green fluorescent protein (GFP) variants (also referred to as redox sensitive GFP (rosGFP) mutants), which have been engineered to have two cysteine amino acids near the chromophore and within disulfide bonding distance of each other. Also provided are nucleic acid molecules that encode rosGFPs, vectors containing such encoding molecules, and cells transformed therewith. The disclosure further provides methods of using the rosGFPs (and encoding molecules) to analyze the redox status of an environment, such as a cell, or a subcellular compartment within a cell. In certain embodiments, both redox status and pH are analyzed concurrently.

Abstract: The invention relates to the isolation, sequencing, and recombinant expression of genes encoding either a nitrile hydratase (NHase) or amidase (Am) from Comamonas testosteroni 5-MGAM-4D, where the NHase is useful for catalyzing the hydration of nitriles to the corresponding amides, and the amidase is useful for hydrolysis of amides to the corresponding carboxylic acids. Also provided are transformed host cells containing polynucleotides for expressing the nitrile hydratase or amidase enzymes from Comamonas testosteroni 5-MGAM-4D.

Abstract: Provided are four new fluorescent proteins. The proteins were derived from two wild-type fluorescent proteins: a red fluorescent protein (RFP) that was isolated from Actinodiscus or Discosoma sp. 1 and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) isolated from Montastraea cavernosa. Two mutant forms were generated from each wild-type protein. Each of the mutated forms has a higher fluorescence intensity than the respective wild-type form. The mutant forms of the fluorescent proteins allow for more sensitive detection of the fluorescence emitted by the proteins. Additionally, one of the mutant proteins is more resistant to photobleaching than its wild-type protein. The invention also encompasses isolated nucleic acids encoding the mutant forms of the wild-type RFP and GFP.

Abstract: The present invention provides peptides libraries which are useful for rapid identification of biologically active compounds. The invention further provides peptides which include cell-growth affecting peptides and peptides which enhance or inhibit production of cellular proteins. Many of the peptides of the invention may be produced in large quantity by recombinant techniques and formulated in culture medium to produce the desired effect on cultured cells and tissues. Certain of the libraries of the invention and the peptides identified in them are particularly useful in concatemer-based recombinant expression methods.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions and methods related to the synthesis and modification of uridine-5?-diphospho-sulfoquinovose (UDP-SQ). In particular, the methods of the present invention comprise the utilization of recombinant enzymes from Arabidopsis thaliana, UDP-glucose, and a sulfur donor to synthesize UDP-SQ, and the subsequent modification of UDP-SQ to form compounds including, but not limited to, 6-sulfo-?-D-quinovosyl diaclyglycerol (SQDG) and alkyl sulfoquinovoside. The compositions and methods of the invention provide a more simple, rapid means of synthesizing UDP-SQ, and the subsequent modification of UDP-SQ to compounds including, but not limited to, SQDG.

Abstract: The subject invention provides new fluorescent and/or colored proteins, and polynucleotide sequences that encode these proteins. The subject invention further provides materials and methods useful for expressing these detectable proteins in biological systems.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes the pre-sporulation (preconidial) mycelial stage of entomopathogenic fungi as insect attractants and/or pathogens. The fungus can be cultivated on grain, wood, agricultural wastes or other cellulosic material, attracting the insect and optionally introducing insect-specific pathogenic fungi. More than one fungus and substrate can be used in combination. The matrix of preconidial fungi can optionally be dried, freeze-dried, cooled and/or pelletized and packaged and reactivated for use as an effective insect attractant and/or biopesticide. Attractant extracts of the preconidial entomopathogenic mycelium are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel engineered derivatives of green fluorescent protein (GFP) which have an amino acid sequence which is modified by amino acid substitution compared with the amino acid sequence of wild type Green Fluorescent Protein. The modified GFPs exhibit enhanced fluorescence relative to wtGFP when expressed in non-homologous cells at temperatures above 30° C., and when excited at about 490 nm compared to the parent proteins, i.e. wtGFP. An example of a preferred protein is F64L-S175G-E222G-GFP. The modified GFPs provide a means for detecting GFP reporters in mammalian cells at lower levels of expression and/or increased sensitivity relative to wtGFP. This greatly improves the usefulness of fluorescent proteins in studying cellular functions in living cells.

Abstract: A GFP with an F64L mutation and an E222G mutation is provided. This GFP has a bigger Stokes shift compared to other GFPs making it very suitable for high throughput screening due to a better resolution. This GFP also has an excitation maximum between the yellow GFP and the cyan GFP allowing for cleaner band separation when used together with those GFPs.

Abstract: A method of inducing a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to an antigen is disclosed. The method involves delivering the antigen to the lymphatic system of an animal regularly over a sustained period of time using, e.g., an osmotic pump. The method is advantageous over prior art methods for inducing a CTL response in that it does not require repetitive immunizations or the use of adjuvants. The method of the present invention can be used for the induction of CTLs in tumor or infectious disease immunotherapy.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for inducing an immunological CTL response to an antigen by sustained, regular delivery of the antigen to a mammal so that the antigen reaches the lymphatic system. Antigen is delivered at a level sufficient to induce an immunologic CTL response in a mammal and the level of the antigen in the mammal's lymphatic system is maintained over time sufficient to maintain the immunologic CTL response. Also disclosed is an article of manufacture for delivering an antigen that induces a CTL response in an animal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a product containing antihypertensive peptides by fermenting a casein-containing starting material with lactic acid bacteria. The invention also relates to the obtained product and its use as a functional product as such or as an ingredient or additive of edible substances.

Abstract: The invention pertains to dog P-glycoproteins and related P-glycoproteins which include dog-specific amino acids, as well as nucleic acids which encode those polypeptides. The present invention also includes fragments and biologically functional variants of the dog P-glycoprotein. The invention further relates to methods of using such dog P-glycoprotein nucleic acids and polypeptides, especially in methods for determining bioavailability of drugs and for screening for inhibitors of dog PGP. Also included are dog PGP inhibitors which inhibit dog PGP activity by inhibiting the expression or function of dog PGP.

Abstract: This invention relates to isolated nucleic acids comprising genes of human chromosome 12q23-qter and the proteins encoded by these genes. Expression vectors and host cells containing such genes or fragments thereof, as well as antibodies to the proteins encoded by these nucleic acids are also included herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method to reduce, substantially reduce, inactivate or eliminate adventitious agents and/or toxins in a sample, particuarly in nutritive media, media supplements, media subgroups and buffer formulations. Specifically, the present invention provides powdered nutritive media, media supplements and media subgroups produced by the methods of the invention, particuarly cell culture media supplements (including powdered sera such as powdered fetal bovine serum (FBS)). The invention further provides powdered buffer formulations produced by the methods of the invention. The invention also provides kits and methods for cultivation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, particularly bacterial cells, yeast cells, plant cells and animal cells (including human cells) using these nutritive media, media supplements, media subgroups and buffer formulations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for producing a polypeptide, comprising: (a) cultivating a fungal host cell in a medium conducive for the production of the polypeptide; and (b) isolating the polypeptide from the cultivation medium; wherein the fungal host cell comprises a first nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide in tandem with a second nucleic acid sequence comprising a crippled translational initiator sequence operably linked to a gene encoding a selectable marker, wherein the copy number of the first nucleic acid sequence has been increased by culturing the cell under conditions that select for multiple copies of the selectable marker. The present invention also relates to such fungal host cells and methods for obtaining such fungal host cells. The present invention further relates to nucleic acid constructs and vectors comprising a crippled translational initiator sequence operably linked to a gene encoding a selectable marker.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inhibiting apoptosis under ischemic condition, which comprises a step of administering antibiotics of quinolones, quinones, aminoglycosides or chloramphenicol to an individual under ischemic condition which lacks an adequate supply of oxygen and glucose. In accordance with the present invention, the antibiotics increase cell viability under hypoxic and hypoglycemic condition, assuring that they can be applied as a therapeutic agent for ischemia-associated diseases such as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction.