Abstract: A fusion capsid protein comprising a plant virus capsid protein fused to an antigenic polypeptide is used as a molecule for presentation of that polypeptide to the immune system of an animal such as a human. The plant virus capsid protein is that of an alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) or ilarvirus.

Abstract: A promoter derived from an SHH gene, especially the SHH gene of Arabidopsis thaliana which is capable of directing expression on a variety of operator genes in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The promoter of the invention may be used for directing expression of pathogen resistance genes to disease or wound sites.

Abstract: Transgenic plants which express cellulose-degrading enzymes, methods to make the transgenic plants, and methods to use the cellulose-degrading enzymes produced by the transgenic plants are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided herein are signal peptides, and constructs and vectors having signal peptides, as well as methods of using signal peptides to deliver proteins into secretory material. The invention facilitates the purification of recombinant proteins. Also provided are a new class of proteins called nectarins, from which the signal peptides may be derived. Additionally, the nectarins possess oxalate oxidase activity and have utility as agents for treating diseases or conditions relating to abnormal oxalate deposition or metabolism or as diagnostics for measuring oxalate concentrations in specimens.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of enzymatically active recombinant human and animal lysosomal enzymes involving construction and expression of recombinant expression constructs comprising coding sequences of human or animal lysosomal enzymes in a plant expression system. The plant expression system provides for post-translational modification and processing to produce a recombinant gene product exhibiting enzymatic activity. The invention is demonstrated by working examples in which transgenic tobacco plants having recombinant expression constructs comprising human hGC and IDUA nucleotide sequences produced enzymatically active modified human glucocerebrosidase and human .alpha.-L-iduronidase. The recombinant lysosomal enzymes produced in accordance with the invention may be used for a variety of purposes, including but not limited to enzyme replacement therapy for the therapeutic treatment of human and animal lysosomal storage diseases.

Abstract: A medium is disclosed that supports pollen germination and pollen tube growth in the presence of Agrobacterium, the medium comprising agarose, sucrose, NO.sub.3, MnSO.sub.4, H.sub.3 BO.sub.3, MgSO.sub.4 and gibberellic acid. A method is disclosed for the genetic transformation of plants and lines by a pollen-based Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.

Abstract: A nucleotide sequence comprising a transcriptional regulatory sequence and a sequence contiguous therewith and under the transcriptional control thereof, which contiguous sequence encodes an RNA which consists of a plurality of sub-sequences, characterized in that at least two of the sub-sequences have the sequences of viral RNAs and the RNA contains at least one translational stop codon located upstream of the 3' terminal sub-sequence. It is preferred that at least one of the sub-sequences is in an anti-sense configuration with respect to virus RNA, and that the contiguous sequence encodes mRNA. The invention also includes, inter alia, the use of such a sequence in the generation of virus resistant or tolerant plants, and such plants comprising the sequence.

Abstract: Helianthinin is an 11S seed storage protein of sunflower embryos. The present invention is directed to the 5' regulatory regions of helianthinin genes. More particularly, the present invention is directed to specific cis-regulatory elements of this regulatory region which direct tissue-specific gene expression. The present invention provides chimeric genes comprising the cis-regulatory elements linked to a coding sequence from a heterologous gene to control expression of these genes.

Abstract: Recombinant gene coding for a protein having endochitinase activity or for a precursor thereof which comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 below:Gly Gly Asp Leu Gly Ser VaL Ile Ser Asn Ser Met Phe Asp Gln Met Leu Lys His Arg Asn Glu Asn Ser Cys Gln Gly Lys Asn Asn Phe Tyr Ser Tyr Asn Ala Phe Ile Thr Ala Ala Arg Ser Phe Pro Gly, Phe Gly Thr Ser Gly Asp Ile Asn Ala Arg Lys Arg Glu Ile Ala Ala Phe Phe Ala Gln Thr Ser His Glu Thr Thr Gly Gly Trp Pro Ser Ala Pro Asp Gly Pro Phe Ala Trp Gly Tyr Cys Phe Leu Arg Gly Arg Gly Asn Pro Gly Asp Tyr Cys Ser Pro Ser Ser Gln Trp Pro Cys Ala Pro Gly Arg Lys Tyr Phe Gly Arg Gly Pro Ile Gln Ile Ser His Asn Tyr Asn Tyr Gly Pro Cys Gly Arg Ala Ile Gly Val Asp Leu Leu Asn Asn Pro Asp Leu Val Ala Thr Asp Pro Val Ile Ser Phe Lys Thr Ala Ile Trp Phe Trp Met Thr Pro Gln Ser Pro Lys Pro Ser Cys His Asp Val Ile Ile Gly Arg Trp Asn Pro Ser Ala Gly Asp Arg Ser Ala Asn Arg Leu Pro Gly Phe Gly Val Ile Thr Asn Ile Ile Asn Gly Gly Leu Glu Cys Gly Arg Gly Asn Asp Asn Arg Val Gln Asp Arg Ile Gl

Abstract: Recombinant materials for the production of practical amounts of the sweet protein, mabinlin are provided. In addition, transgenic plants which have inherently sweetened edible parts result from modifying native plants containing edible parts to express the mabinlin gene. Single-chain forms of this protein which retain their sweetening property are also provided.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for measuring the accumulation of advanced glycosylation endproducts (AGEs), which are predicated on the discovery that such AGEs are present in tobacco and its byproducts. More particularly, the methods focus on the observation that individuals who smoke or otherwise use tobacco have increased levels of AGEs over non-smoking individuals. The present methods relate to the measurement of AGE levels in both individuals and in tobacco and its byproduct, smoke. Methods are also disclosed for the evaluation of the tobacco products to determine their storage status and organoleptic capacity and potential, as well as for the treatment of the ambient to lower AGE levels. For example, air or other samples may be taken and evaluated by a dosimeter or like device, to determine whether AGE levels exceed normal, after which measures could be implemented to remediate the ambient condition. All such methods and corresponding materials are contemplated and included.

Abstract: A nuclear scaffold attachment region isolated from a tobacco gene, and a method of making recombinant cells having increased levels of expression of foreign genes therein, are described. The method comprises transforming the cell with a DNA construct comprising in the 5' to 3' direction, a transcription initiation region, a structural gene positioned downstream from the transcription initiation region and operatively associated therewith, and a scaffold attachment region of the nucleotide sequence provided herein, positioned either 5' to the transcription initiation region or 3' to the structural gene. DNA constructs and vectors employed in carrying out the foregoing method are also discussed.

Abstract: Nicotine acid sequences encoding a tobacco protein involved in nicotine synthesis are described. These sequences, when inserted in to sense or anti-sense orientation, affect nicotine synthesis in transgenic tobacco plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an isolated gene fragment which confers disease resistance to plants by responding to an avirulence gene in plant pathogens. The gene fragment encodes for protein kinase, particularly serine/threonine kinase. The gene can be cloned into an expression vector to produce a recombinant DNA expression system suitable for insertion into cells to form a transgenic plant transformed with that gene fragment. Also disclosed is a process of conferring disease resistance to plants by growing plant host cells transformed with that expression system and expressing the gene conferring disease resistance to impart such resistance to the host cells.

Abstract: Rice anther-specific promoters which are of particular utility in the production of transgenic male-sterile monocots and plants for restoring their fertility.

Abstract: Regulatory regions from maize .alpha.-tubulin genes are disclosed. In particular, 5' regulatory regions comprising an upstream regulatory ensemble (URE) from maize .alpha.-tubulin 1 and 3 genes is useful in tissue specific expression of heterologous genes in transformed plants. The maize .alpha.-tubulin URE comprises regulatory elements which when operably linked to a promoter and heterologous gene, confer regulated expression in roots, pollen and meristematic tissues. Expression constructs which confer tissue specific expression are also provided.

Abstract: Genes encoding Class II EPSPS enzymes are disclosed. The genes are useful in producing transformed bacteria and plants which are tolerant to glyphosate herbicide. Class II EPSPS genes share little homology with known, Class I EPSPS genes, and do not hybridize to probes from Class I EPSPS's. The Class II EPSPS enzymes are characterized by being more kinetically efficient than Class I EPSPS's in the presence of glyphosate. Plants transformed with Class II EPSPS genes are also disclosed as well as a method for selectively controlling weeds in a planted transgenic crop field.

Abstract: A gene promoter sequence has been isolated and characterised from the plant gene encoding the enzyme cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), an enzyme which participates in the biosynthesis of lignins. The promoter may be used to control expression of exogenous genes placed under its control. Genes controlled by the CAD promoter is inducible by wounding.

Abstract: Plant cells are transformed by:(i) transforming a plant cell whose growth is sensitive to inhibition by a sulfonamide or a salt thereof with a chimaeric gene comprising (a) a plant promoter, (b) a sulfonamide resistance gene having a sequence encoding a transit peptide fused to the 5'-end of the resistance gene and (c) a plant polyadenylation/terminator sequence;(ii) selecting a transformed plant cell whose growth is resistant to inhibition by a sulfonamide or salt thereof;(iii) optionally, regenerating from the transformed plant cell a genetically transformed plant which exhibit the said resistance;(iv) optionally, obtaining seed from the regenerated plant; and(v) optionally, propagating plants from the seed.The growth of weeds can be controlled by a locus where a transgenic plant obtained as above is being cultivated by applying to the locus an effective amount of a herbicide, such as asulam, which acts by inhibiting dihydropteroate synthase.

Abstract: A Brassica promoter (hsp80) has been isolated which can provide for constitutive expression of heterologous genes in a wide range of tissues and organs. Various deletion mutants and hybrid promoters are described which retain activity and/or which show enhanced activity. Upstream activating sequences are described which separately and in combination can provide for constitutive gene expression. These sequences can also confer constitutive expression on heterologous, non-constitutive promoters.

Abstract: There are described DNA sequences, that contain the coding region of an oligosaccharide transporter, whose introduction in a plant genome modifies the formation and transfer of storage materials in transgenic plants, plasmids, bacteria and plants containing these DNA sequences, a process for the preparation and transformation of yeast strains, that makes possible the identification of the DNA sequences of the plant oligosaccharide transporter of the invention, as well as the use of DNA sequences of the invention.