Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid PX11435810 and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid PX11435810 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated X03B465 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X03B465 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X03B465 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X03B465, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X03B465. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X03B465.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated X13B606 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X13B606 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X13B606 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X13B606, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X13B606. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X13B606.

Abstract: A method of producing a stably transformed corn plant in a single container is demonstrated. This method allows for the automation of the transformation process and reduces labor, material, and ergonomic costs associated with traditional plant tissue culture systems.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated 10146900 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing maize variety 10146900 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into 10146900 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety 10146900, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety 10146900. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety 10146900.

Abstract: Non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) (IND) designated Sesaco 34 (S34) is herein disclosed. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S34 suitable for mechanized harvesting and for selection for sesame crop growth in most geographical locations, particularly where whiteflies are a high risk factor. In addition, S34 sesame produces a larger, heavier seed than previously described varieties.

Abstract: Triploid sterile plant compositions and methods for production of triploid sterile plants are provided. The methods include regenerating a plant from an endosperm tissue by culturing the endosperm tissue in a series of different culture media containing certain plant growth regulators. Also provided are plants produced by the disclosed methods, as well as systems for production of the triploid sterile plants.

Abstract: According to the invention, there is provided seed and plants of the corn variety designated CV789457. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of the variety CV789457, and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing a corn plant of variety CV789457 with itself or with another corn plant, such as a plant of another variety. The invention further relates to corn seeds and plants produced by crossing plants of variety CV789457 with plants of another variety, such as another inbred line. The invention further relates to the inbred and hybrid genetic complements of plants of variety CV789457.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 14333215 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 14333215, to the plants of soybean cultivar 14333215, to the plant parts of soybean cultivar 14333215, and to methods for producing progeny of soybean cultivar 14333215. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to soybean cultivars or breeding cultivars, and plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 14333215. The invention also relates to methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines, or plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 14333215, and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing cultivar 14333215 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 18172925 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 18172925, to the plants of soybean cultivar 18172925, to the plant parts of soybean cultivar 18172925, and to methods for producing progeny of soybean cultivar 18172925. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to soybean cultivars or breeding cultivars, and plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 18172925. The invention also relates to methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines, or plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 18172925, and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing cultivar 18172925 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: The present invention relates to excision of explant material comprising meristematic tissue from seeds, and storage of such material prior to subsequent use in plant tissue culture and genetic transformation. Methods for tissue preparation, storage, and transformation are disclosed, as is transformable meristem tissue produced by such methods, and apparati for tissue preparation.

Abstract: An inbred corn line, designated SBK22, the plants and seeds of the inbred corn line SBK22, methods for producing a corn plant, either inbred or hybrid, produced by crossing the inbred corn line SBK22 with itself or with another corn plant, and hybrid corn seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line SBK22 with another corn line or plant and to methods for producing a corn plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic corn plants produced by that method. This invention also relates to inbred corn lines derived from inbred corn line SBK22, to methods for producing other inbred corn lines derived from inbred corn line SBK22 and to the inbred corn lines derived by the use of those methods.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid PS09954859 and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid PS09954859 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: A polynucleotide isolated from soybean plants capable of initiating transcription and with sequence identity to SEQ ID No. 1 is provided. In some aspects, the polynucleotide has sequence identity to SEQ ID No. 1 of at least 40%, is the reverse complement or the reverse of such sequences. In some aspects, the polynucleotide is linked to expression enhancers or sequences of interest. In some embodiments, a recombinant vector comprises the polynucleotide. In some aspects, the recombinant vector comprises enhancers, termination sequences, or sequences of interest. In some embodiments a transformed cell, plant, plant part, or propagulum comprise the polynucleotide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for developing embryos and producing germination-competent embryos using a liquid embryo development media.

Abstract: According to the invention, there is provided seed and plants of the hybrid corn variety designated CH092965. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of the variety CH092965, and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing a corn plant of variety CH092965 with itself or with another corn plant, such as a plant of another variety. The invention further relates to genetic complements of plants of variety CH092965.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid PS09967422 and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid PS09967422 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid PS09979325 and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid PS09979325 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid PX11334879 and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid PX11334879 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid PS09967922 and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid PS09967922 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid PS09956434 and the parent lines thereof, such as line SMY 99-1311. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid PS09956434 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 13350612 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 13350612, to the plants of soybean cultivar 13350612, to the plant parts of soybean cultivar 13350612, and to methods for producing progeny of soybean cultivar 13350612. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to soybean cultivars or breeding cultivars, and plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 13350612. The invention also relates to methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines, or plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 13350612, and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing cultivar 13350612 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated X8K709 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X8K709 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X8K709 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X8K709, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X8K709. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X8K709.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated 10084890 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing maize variety 10084890 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into 10084890 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety 10084890, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety 10084890. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety 10084890.

Abstract: A rice cultivar designated CL 142-AR is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of rice cultivar CL 142-AR, to the plants of rice CL 142-AR, to methods for producing a rice plant produced by crossing the cultivar CL 142-AR with itself or another rice variety, and to methods for controlling weeds in the vicinity of plants of rice cultivar CL 142-AR, which comprises increased resistance to acetohydroxyacid synthase-inhibiting herbicides. The invention further relates to hybrid rice seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar CL 142-AR with another rice cultivar.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are media, kits, systems and methods for achieving micropropagation of bamboo on a commercially-relevant scale.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated X08A209 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X08A209 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X08A209 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X08A209, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X08A209. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X08A209.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated X80A418 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing maize variety X80A418 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X80A418 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X80A418, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X80A418. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X80A418.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the regeneration of sorghum involving organogenesis. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of regenerating sorghum, particularly Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, via organogenesis that yields a high frequency of regenerants. In addition to providing high frequency regeneration, the present invention can be applied directly to the production of sorghum variants through somoclonal variation and to the genetic transformation of sorghum.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 15172101 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 15172101, to the plants of soybean cultivar 15172101, to the plant parts of soybean cultivar 15172101, and to methods for producing progeny of soybean cultivar 15172101. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to soybean cultivars or breeding cultivars, and plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 15172101. The invention also relates to methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines, or plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 15172101, and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing cultivar 15172101 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated X85A660 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X85A660 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X85A660 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X85A660, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X85A660. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X85A660.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid BS02827989 and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid BS02827989 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: A rice cultivar designated M-105 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of rice cultivar M-105, to the plants of rice M-105 and to methods for producing a rice plant produced by crossing the cultivar M-105 with itself or another rice variety. The invention further relates to hybrid rice seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar M-105 with another rice cultivar.

Abstract: Basically, this invention provides for an inbred corn line designated NPIJ7011BT11/CRW604, methods for producing a corn plant by crossing plants of the inbred line NPIJ7011BT11/CRW604, with plants of another corn plant. The invention relates to the various parts of inbred NPIJ7011BT11/CRW604, including culturable cells. This invention also relates to methods for introducing transgenic transgenes into inbred corn line NPIJ7011BT11/CRW604, and plants produced by these methods.

Abstract: Basically, this invention provides for an inbred corn line designated NPID5198BT11/CRW604, methods for producing a corn plant by crossing plants of the inbred line NPID5198BT11/CRW604, with plants of another corn plant. The invention relates to the various parts of inbred NPID5198BT11/CRW604, including culturable cells. This invention also relates to methods for introducing transgenic transgenes into inbred corn line NPID5198BT11/CRW604, and plants produced by these methods.

Abstract: Basically, this invention provides for an inbred corn line designated NPXO5745GT21, methods for producing a corn plant by crossing plants of the inbred line NPXO5745GT21, with plants of another corn plant. The invention relates to the various parts of inbred NPXO5745GT21, including culturable cells. This invention also relates to methods for introducing transgenic transgenes into inbred corn line NPXO5745GT21, and plants produced by these methods.

Abstract: An inbred corn line, designated D065046, the plants and seeds of the inbred corn line D065046, methods for producing a corn plant, either inbred or hybrid, produced by crossing the inbred corn line D065046 with itself or with another corn plant, and hybrid corn seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line D065046 with another corn line or plant and to methods for producing a corn plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic corn plants produced by that method. This invention also relates to inbred corn lines derived from inbred corn line D065046, to methods for producing other inbred corn lines derived from inbred corn line D065046 and to the inbred corn lines derived by the use of those methods.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid BS02827975 and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid BS02827975 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: Basically, this invention provides for an inbred corn line designated NPFA4212GT21, methods for producing a corn plant by crossing plants of the inbred line NPFA4212GT21, with plants of another corn plant. The invention relates to the various parts of inbred NPFA4212GT21, including culturable cells. This invention also relates to methods for introducing transgenic transgenes into inbred corn line NPFA4212GT21, and plants produced by these methods.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated X08A240 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X08A240 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X08A240 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X08A240, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X08A240. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X08A240.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid PS16364674 and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid PS16364674 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid BS02828008 and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid BS02828008 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated X03A194 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X03A194 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X03A194 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X03A194, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X03A194. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X03A194.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid PS11423700 and the parent lines thereof, such as pepper line HPA 114-1047. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid PS11423700 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: The present invention has incorporated a non-lethal negative selectable marker gene into the vector backbone DNA of a DNA plasmid used to transform plant cells. These transgenes are designed to express a non-lethal gene product in plant cells that contain the vector backbone DNA of the DNA plasmid. The gene products of the non-lethal negative selectable marker gene are involved in plant hormone biosynthesis pathways, plant hormone substrate diversion, plant hormone degradation, plant hormone signaling or metabolic interference. The use of these DNA plasmids to transform plant cells provides for the enhanced production of commercially viable plants.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated X08A236 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X08A236 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X08A236 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X08A236, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X08A236. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X08A236.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated X8N313 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X8N313 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X8N313 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X8N313, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X8N313. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X8N313.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated X05A920 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X05A920 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X05A920 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X05A920, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X05A920. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X05A920.

Abstract: An inbred corn line, designated D054530, the plants and seeds of the inbred corn line D054530, methods for producing a corn plant, either inbred or hybrid, produced by crossing the inbred corn line D054530 with itself or with another corn plant, and hybrid corn seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line D054530 with another corn line or plant and to methods for producing a corn plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic corn plants produced by that method. This invention also relates to inbred corn lines derived from inbred corn line D054530, to methods for producing other inbred corn lines derived from inbred corn line D054530 and to the inbred corn lines derived by the use of those methods.

Abstract: The invention provides improved plant transformation methods. In particular the method provides increased transformation frequency, especially in recalcitrant plants. The method includes various transformation protocols for monocots, such as maize and sorghum, using a combination of media and light conditions to achieve increased efficiency of monocot transformation and increased callus initiation frequencies.