Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of isolating secondary metabolites, specifically arjunolic acid, from the calli and/or the suspension cultures derived from the pluripotent cambium tissue of Terminalia arjuna. The invention also discloses a method of inducing callus, establishing and maintaining suspension cultures of callus derived from the cambium of Terminalia arjuna for the isolation of secondary metabolites.

Abstract: A novel method of growing fungi is disclosed which uses an engineered artificial media and produces high density filamentous fungi biomats that can be harvested with a minimum of processing and from which fungal products such as antibiotics, proteins, and lipids can be isolated, the method resulting in lowered fungus cultivation costs for energy usage, oxygenation, water usage and waste stream production.

Abstract: The present invention provides a longitudinally split immature tiller separated from a rhizome (LSITR), a cluster of multiple in vitro shoots (CMIT), a cluster of stem segments containing shoot primordia (CSSSP) and an in vitro tiller of Miscanthus x giganteus (Giant miscanthus), and their uses in propagating Miscanthus x giganteus (Giant miscanthus).

Abstract: The invention relates to a genetically modified cereal plant having a recombinant DNA construct comprising a gene encoding a polypeptide having aspartyl protease activity (EC 3.4.23.12) whose expression, particularly in grain, confers enhanced fungal disease resistance as compared to a parent cereal plant from which said genetically modified cereal plant was derived. The invention further relates to a method for producing a genetically modified cereal plant of the invention comprising transforming one or more cells of a parent cereal plant with the recombinant DNA construct; as well as a method for manufacturing the genetically modified grain for production of a crop of genetically modified cereal plants which exhibit increased resistance to a fungal disease due to expression of the recombinant DNA construct.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for enhancing growth and useful substances of leafy vegetables by using environmental stress. The environmental stress may include a low temperature stress, a light stress, and a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a longitudinally split immature tiller separated from a rhizome (LSITR), a duster of multiple in vitro shoots (CMIT), a cluster of stem segments containing shoot primordia (CSSSP) and an in vitro tiller of Miscanthus x giganteus (Giant miscanthus), and their uses in propagating Miscanthus x giganteus (Giant miscanthus).

Abstract: Methods of propagating a Cannabis cutting are provided. A method of propagating a Cannabis cutting can include: providing a coherent growth substrate comprising man-made vitreous fibres bonded with a cured binder composition, the growth substrate having a density in the range of 60 kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) to 70 kg/m3; inserting the Cannabis cutting into the growth substrate at a location where the growth substrate does not have a seed hole; and providing a nutrient solution having an electrical conductivity value between 1.6 milli-Siemens per centimeter (mS/cm) and 2.4 mS/cm to the Cannabis cutting in the growth substrate.

Abstract: A method for inducing plants to increase their flavonoid compound content, includes performing an induction culture on a young shoot or an adult of a living plant, wherein flavonoid compound content of the young shoot or the adult of the living plant which has been subjected to the induction culture is higher than that of a young shoot or an adult of a living plant which is not subjected to the induction culture. Moreover, the induction culture includes a metal ion stimulation procedure comprising culturing the young shoot or the adult of the living plant in a culture environment with metal ion stimulation, wherein the culture environment with metal ion stimulation contains a metal ion used for stimulating the living plant, and the concentration of the metal ion used for stimulating the living plant is 5 ?M-50 mM.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for promoting the growth and preservation quality of Agaricus bisporus, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation and preservation of edible fungi. In the present invention, the methyl jasmonate solution is sprayed onto the surface of Agaricus bisporus at a concentration of 10-200 ?mol/L when the Agaricus bisporus grows to the mushroom bud stage, which can accelerate the growth and development of the Agaricus bisporus, improve the post-harvest preservation quality of the Agaricus bisporus, and prolong the shelf life thereof, then improving the yield and commercial value of the Agaricus bisporus. The present invention provides a new method for increase in both production and income and post-harvest preservation of Agaricus bisporus, can be applied to large-scale industrial production of Agaricus bisporus, and has important economic benefits and application promotion value.

Abstract: A concentration measurement method is a method for measuring a concentration of an analyte in a measurement solution containing the analyte having reducing action, and includes a mixing step of preparing a mixture solution by mixing a metal ion solution, a complexing agent, and a pH adjusting agent to prepare an intermediate mixture solution, and mixing the intermediate mixture solution and the measurement solution, a metal microstructure generation step of generating a metal microstructure on a support by reducing metal ions in the mixture solution by the reducing action of the analyte in the mixture solution, a measurement step of measuring an optical response of the metal microstructure on the support, and an analysis step of determining a concentration of the analyte in the measurement solution on the basis of a measurement result of the optical response.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a viability-retaining method of selecting corn embryos having a desired trait, said method comprising extracting embryos, removing associated non-embryogenic tissue or DNA from the exterior of the embryo; and extracting DNA directly from the embryo. The invention surprisingly shows that germinating embryos sampled directly for their DNA content are capable of continuing the germination process to form normal seedlings.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a single cell analysis device in which the improvement of the nucleic acid capturing efficiency and the improvement of the cell capturing efficiency are both achieved and a highly accurate single cell analysis data is thereby obtained. The present invention relates to an improvement of a cell analysis device including a two-dimensional array chip having a plurality of cell capture parts capable of capturing a single cell in each of the capture parts, and nucleic acid capture parts corresponding to the respective cell capture parts, the nucleic acid capture parts being capable of capturing a nucleic acid extracted from the cell captured by the cell capture part.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel garden bean cultivar Greenback and plant parts, seed, and tissue culture therefrom. The invention also provides methods for producing a bean plant by crossing the bean plants of the invention with themselves or another bean plant. The invention also provides bean plants produced from such a crossing as well as plant parts, seed, and tissue culture therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention discloses and claims methods and devices for the rapid mechanical isolation of monocot plant tissues suitable for transformation or tissue culture. The invention includes mechanical devices for substantially isolating target plant tissues for use as transformable explants, and propagation of transgenic plants and plant tissues.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and devices for the rapid isolation of monocot plant embryos suitable for transformation or tissue culture. The invention includes mechanical devices for substantially isolating plant embryos for use as transformable explants. Media suitable for isolating plant embryos and methods for their preparation are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and devices for separating fluid-suspended plant propagules and non-plant propagules based on differences in their fluid drag properties are disclosed. Deposition method and device for depositing plant propagules into a receiver comprising growth substrate by means of a fluid jet is disclosed. An automated system for processing plant propagules from a bioreactor to the growth substrate is also disclosed.

Abstract: A hydroponic cultivation system for plants includes a first plant cultivation apparatus to hydroponically cultivate plants using a first liquid fertilizer, a first supply path to supply the first liquid fertilizer, a second plant cultivation apparatus to hydroponically cultivate plants using a second liquid fertilizer having a component differing from a component of the first liquid fertilizer, a second supply path to supply the second liquid fertilizer, and a tray carrier device to carry cultivation trays with the plants thereon between the first plant cultivation apparatus and the second plant cultivation apparatus. The cultivation trays are arranged in stages and mutually connected in series to the first supply path via a removable hose in the first plant cultivation apparatus, and the cultivation trays are arranged in stages and mutually connected in series to the second supply path via a removable hose in the second plant cultivation apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to the novel cotton variety designated 14R934B2XF. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants, plant parts and derivatives of the cotton variety 14R934B2XF. Also provided by the invention are methods of using cotton variety 14R934B2XF and products derived therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing cotton plants by crossing the cotton variety 14R934B2XF with itself or another cotton variety and plants and seeds produced by such methods.

Abstract: Methods and devices for dispersion of clusters of somatic plant embryos suspended in a liquid are disclosed. The methods comprise i) subjecting the clusters of embryos to fluid dynamics forces causing axially extensional strain and radially compressional strain and ii) subjecting the clusters of embryos to fluid dynamics forces causing axially compressional strain and radially extensional strain fluid dynamics and iii) repeating said steps in sequence until the individual embryos are separated from each other. The devices may comprise a flow channel including at least one constriction, such that clusters of embryos flowing through the flow channel are first subjected to axially extensional strain and radially compressional strain, and then to axially compressional strain and radially extensional strain from fluid dynamics forces.

Abstract: A composition suitable for airfield management comprises fine fescue grasses that result in environmental benefits, including protection of human life and wildlife; decreased mowing, to deeper and larger root systems and tremendous financial savings. One preferred version includes: (a) about 25-50% by weight Hard Fescue; (b) about 25-50% by weight Creeping Red Fescue; and (c) about 25-50% by weight Chewings Fescue.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing triptolide from a suspension cell culture of Tripterygium sp., to a triptolide-enriched extract obtainable by means of extraction from the culture medium of an in vitro culture of dedifferentiated cells of the species Tripterygium, and to the therapeutic applications of said extract.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for obtaining a natural product preparation with reduced glucosinolate contamination from a plant of Brassicaceae. The methods can include cultivating a plant callus from a plant capable of producing a desired natural product, selecting a callus with reduced glucosinolate production, and cultivating the selected callus in a liquid medium. The method can also include recovering the natural product from the culture. Also disclosed are methods for obtaining cabbage anthocyanin with reduced glucosinolate contamination. The methods can include cultivating a red cabbage plant callus with reduced glucosinolate production in a liquid medium to obtain a suspension culture and cultivating the suspension culture in a medium lacking a nitrogen source. The method can also include recovering the anthocyanin with reduced glucosinolate contamination from the culture. Finally, several specific low-glucosinolate cell lines are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bioreactor which comprises a closed housing with a housing wall and at least one chamber which is connected to the housing wall. The at least one chamber comprises a chamber inlet and outlet for respectively supplying and discharging material to and from the at least one chamber. The housing comprises a housing inlet for supplying material to the chamber inlet and a housing outlet for discharging treated material from the chamber outlet to the outside of the bioreactor. The bioreactor forms a closed volume in which a reactor pressure prevails in the bioreactor which is higher than the external pressure outside the bioreactor, in such a way that the bioreactor is self-supporting.

Abstract: A top reference photobioreactor system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a flexible floating photobioreactor having a buoyancy tube filled with a gas that is less dense, and a ballast tube filled with a substance, such as saltwater, that is more dense, than the liquid in which the photobioreactor floats. A top reference photobioreactor method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes controlling a depth of the top reference photobioreactor by controlling a volume and/or density of ballast in the ballast tube and/or by controlling a volume and/or density of gas in the buoyancy tube.

Abstract: Methods and devices for separating fluid-suspended plant somatic embryos and embryogenic tissue based on differences in their fluid drag properties are disclosed. Deposition method and device for depositing plant somatic embryos into embryo receiver comprising growth substrate by means of a fluid jet is disclosed. An automated system for processing plant somatic embryos from the bioreactor to the growth substrate is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of freezing cells comprising the steps of incubating said cells in a solution comprising a cryoprotective agent, concentrating the cells resulting from the previous step withdrawing the eluent essentially free of cells, and freezing the resulting concentrated cells. The cells frozen by the invention's method render a high post-thawing viability, reduce cryoprotectant related toxic events and promote cells life in a suspension state after thawing. The invention also comprises the container comprising the frozen cells.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for continuous cell culture and other reactions are generally described. In some embodiments, chambers (e.g., cell growth chambers) including at least a portion of a wall formed of a flexible member are provided. A retaining structure can be incorporated outside and proximate to the chamber such that when liquid is added to the chamber, the flexible member is consistently and predictably deformed, and a consistent volume of liquid is added. The flexible member can be formed of, in some embodiments, a gas-permeable medium. In some embodiments, reaction chambers can be arranged in a fluidic loop, and a bypass channel can be used to introduce and/or extract fluid from the loop without affecting loop operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inducing a single somatic embryo, which comprises physically dividing a plant somatic embryo mass, and to a method for mass-propagation of a plant comprising inducing a large number of single somatic embryos from a somatic embryo mass according to the above method and germinating the somatic embryos.

Abstract: A method and system for achieving a gas-liquid mass transfer includes delivering into a compartment of a container a liquid, the liquid having an exposed top surface disposed within the compartment. A stream of a gas is passed over the top surface of the liquid so that the stream of gas produces turbulence on the top surface that is sufficient to achieve the gas-liquid mass transfer. In one embodiment the liquid is a culture that includes cells or microorganisms and the mass transfer functions to oxygenate the culture sufficient to sustain the cells or microorganisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of using meso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutane for the maintenance and/or improvement of biological cell function and activity, and for the prevention of improper cell functioning or cell death, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo over time and/or during exposure to stress. Meso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutane can be used to promote cell survival and as a cell protection agent, to increase cell viability, and to improve conversion of progenitor or stem cells to mature cells, whether in vitro, in vivo, ex-vivo, or transplanted.

Abstract: A method for improving the sensitivity of an assay to determine the pathogenicity of a plant root pathogen using a soil amendment is presented. The method involves growing the plant root in the presence of a soil amendment after exposure of the plant root to the pathogen. A method of breeding plants is also provided.

Abstract: A totipotent plant tissue multiplication system can include a sterile enclosure and a bioreactor in the sterile enclosure. The bioreactor can include a number of ports. A sensor can be inserted into a first port. A matter insertion system can input matter into the bioreactor via tubing configured to be connected to a second port. The sensor can be removed from the first port during operation of the matter insertion system. The tubing can be disconnected from the second port during operating of the sensor and the culture transfer system.

Abstract: A system for harvesting totipotent plant tissue culture can include a sterile enclosure, a plurality of bioreactors in the sterile enclosure, at least one agitator in the sterile enclosure, and a culture harvest system. The at least one agitator can be configured to agitate culture within the plurality of bioreactors. The culture harvest system can include tubing configured to connect to a port of one of the plurality of bioreactors in the sterile enclosure, a culture harvest container, and a pump configured to pump culture from the one of the plurality of bioreactors into the culture harvest container via the tubing.

Abstract: The invention relates to rapid and efficient methods and apparatuses for displacing target plant materials from seeds. In one embodiment, the invention relates to methods and apparatuses for displacing embryos from maize seeds. In yet another embodiment, the displaced embryos can be propagated and regenerated into plants.

Abstract: A method of gene editing or gene stacking within a FAD3 loci by cleaving, in a site directed manner, a location in a FAD3 gene in a cell, to generate a break in the FAD3 gene and then ligating into the break a nucleic acid molecule associated with one or more traits of interest is disclosed.

Abstract: A method and device for growing plant, animal or stem cells in a continuous manner.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the efficient transformation of a dicot plant. More particularly, compositions and methods of the present invention find use in agriculture for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a dicotyledonous plant. The compositions include cultivation media comprising high concentrations of sucrose and glucose. The cultivation media find use in methods directed to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a dicot plant with a gene of interest. In this manner, any gene of interest can be introduced into a dicot plant with high transformation efficiency and reduced tissue necrosis.

Abstract: A method of producing a stably transformed corn plant in a single container is demonstrated. This method allows for the automation of the transformation process and reduces labor, material, and ergonomic costs associated with traditional plant tissue culture systems.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of the pea line designated EX 08570957. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pea line EX 08570957, and to methods for producing a pea plant produced by crossing a plant of pea line EX 08570957 with itself or with another pea plant, such as a plant of another line. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of a plant of pea line EX 08570957, including the seed, pod, and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: Cytokinin is a plant hormone that regulates various physiological activities including cell division, cell cycle, cellular senescence, and axillary buds outgrowth. The present invention provides a method for producing a transformed plant by introducing an isolated nucleic acid or recombinant vector containing the isolated nucleic acid into a plant cell such that the amount of active cytokinin synthesized from nucleotide cytokinin is increased in the plant cell and by regenerating a plant body from the plant cell.

Abstract: Novel methods and systems for electromagnetic freezing are disclosed. An oscillating magnetic field can be applied in conjunction with a static magnetic field in order to align magnetic particles inside biological tissues. Such chains may be naturally present or artificially introduced. Needle-shaped electrodes may be used to produce ions and disturb the air layers insulating the tissues to be frozen.

Abstract: An improved cryopreservation process and substances can involve a cellular collection (1) in a cryopreservation fluid (4) that has been conditioned or treated (7) to enhance the cryopreservation process by adding (18) energy (19) such as in the surface energy of a substance in the cryopreservation fluid (4) prior to reducing energy for that same cryopreservation media for freezing. This can offer enhanced-post-cryogenic viability of the cryopreserved structures or a more optimum cooling curve (22) for a specific cell type.

Abstract: The invention relates to a separator for retaining and recirculating cells in a continuous-flow or batch-flow type plastic bag or bottle, which can preferably be operated outside of a bioreactor. Additionally, the invention relates to a method for retaining and recirculating cells within or outside a bioreactor. The invention further relates to a method for producing the separator according to the invention.

Abstract: A shoot of a plant is cultivated under the presence of glutathione, so that the shoot is rooted. It is possible to cultivate the shoot under the presence of glutathione by use of a rooting medium including glutathione or by contacting a solution including glutathione with the shoot. Oxidized glutathione is preferably used as glutathione. By promoting rooting of the shoot of the plant, a rooting rate of the shoot of the plant is improved. This improves productivity of a clone seedling.

Abstract: A high throughput apparatus and method for gaining access to and extracting internal tissue or structure of interest from a seed or plurality of seed is disclosed. In one aspect, an apparatus utilizes means to expose the internal tissue or structure and means to separate at least some of the exposed internal tissue or structure for collection and evaluation. In one aspect, a method utilizes some force or action to expose the internal tissue or structure and some force or action to separate the internal tissue or structure.

Abstract: A method to generate siRNAs in vivo is described, as are constructs and compositions useful in the method. The method does not depend on the use of DNA or synthetic constructs that contain inverted duplications or dual promoters so as to form perfect or largely double-stranded RNA. Rather, the method depends on constructs that yield single-stranded RNA transcripts, and exploits endogenous or in vivo-produced miRNAs or siRNAs to initiate production of siRNAs. The miRNAs or siRNAs guide cleavage of the transcript and set the register for production of siRNAs (usually 21 nucleotides in length) encoded adjacent to the initiation cleavage site within the construct. The method results in specific formation of siRNAs of predictable size and register (phase) relative to the initiation cleavage site. The method can be used to produce specific siRNAs in vivo for inactivation or suppression of one or more target genes or other entities, such as pathogens.

Abstract: A method of growing a microorganism by culturing the microorganism in a an aqueous solution of carbohydrates containing C6-sugar monomers or C5-sugar monomers, wherein the aqueous solution of carbohydrates is made by reacting biomass or a biomass-derived reactant with a solvent system including a lactone and water, and an acid catalyst. The reaction yields a product mixture containing water-soluble C6-sugar-containing oligomers, C6-sugar monomers, C5-sugar-containing oligomers, C5-sugar monomers, or any combination thereof. The product mixture is then partitioned or extracted to yield an aqueous layer containing the carbohydrates and a substantially immiscible organic layer containing the lactone. The aqueous layer is used for growing the microorganisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the cosmetic use of dedifferentiated plant cells of a plant of the Rosa sp. genus, or of an extract or a lyophilisate of said cells, as an active agent for caring for aged skin or aged hair. It also relates to rose dedifferentiated cells, in particular Lancôme rose dedifferentiated cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the generation and cultivation of plant cell material in the form of a non-tissue multilayer cell pack and its use for the accumulation or harvesting of a desired product. In particular, the invention provides a method for the generation of plant cell material in the form of a medium-deprived, porous structured and non-tissue multilayer cell pack and for the subsequent maintenance of said cell pack, comprising the steps of (i) providing a cell pack by separating cells from a plant cell suspension culture, wherein the content of the liquid comprised by the cell pack is reduced and adjusted to correspond to a cell pack density between 0.1 and 0.9 g wet cell weight per cm3, thereby establishing the medium-deprived and porous structured nature of said cell pack, and (ii) incubating said medium-deprived and porous structured cell pack in a non-liquid environment under a relative humidity of 50 to 100%.

Abstract: A nucleotide construct comprising a nucleotide sequence that forms a stem and a loop, wherein the loop comprises a nucleotide sequence that modulates expression of a target, wherein the stem comprises a nucleotide sequence that modulates expression of a target, and wherein the target modulated by the nucleotide sequence in the loop and the target modulated by the nucleotide sequence in the stem may be the same or different. Vectors, methods of regulating target expression, methods of providing a cell, and methods of treating conditions comprising the nucleotide sequence are also disclosed.