Abstract: The present invention relates to methods to modify at least one target locus in a plant cell, comprising, providing a plant cell with one or more target loci and one or more donor loci, followed by induction of homologous recombination between homologous regions of at least one target locus and at least one donor locus by at least one rare cleaving nuclease. The present invention related also to target loci, donor loci and nuclease loci used in these methods, and plant cells, plants and plant parts comprising these target loci, donor loci, nuclease loci and/or the recombined loci.

Abstract: Disclosed herein include embodiments related to delivery of molecular molecules by a sperm cell to an egg cell for expression, including transient expression, in a fertilized progeny. Further embodiments relate to computerized systems for assisting in the disclosed methods.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein include systems, methods, compositions, and products by process for Rapid-breeding of plants. In certain embodiments, the systems and/or methods are at least partially automated.

Abstract: There are provided methods and compositions useful in cell-cell fusion using Fusion Family (FF) proteins of nematode origin. There are further provided antinematodal methods and compositions, utilizing fusogenic proteins of the nematode Fusion Family.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for enzymatic preparation of homogentisate (HMO) from 4-hydroxypyruvate (HPP), characterized in that it consists in carrying out in a suitable reaction medium the following enzymatic reactions: enzymatic conversion of HPP into 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (HPA) with a first appropriate enzyme; then an enzymatic conversion of HPA into HMO with a second appropriate enzyme.

Abstract: A method for the genetic modification and improvement of Porphyra species utilizing protoplast fusion is disclosed. The method of the invention features the use of conchoporangial branch conchocelis for at least one of the sources of protoplasts for protoplast fusion. Protoplasts produced from conchosporangial branch conchocelis of one species may be mixed with protoplasts produced from either blade material or conchocelis of a second species and fused using either a chemical fusing agent like polyethylene glycol (PEG) or electrofusion. Alternatively, an algal species other than a Porphyra species may be the second source of protoplasts. After fusion has occurred, fusion products are isolated and regenerated to whole plants or used as multicellular material.

Abstract: A new and useful apparatus for producing cell electrofusion is provided. The apparatus comprises: a. a chamber with a substrate disposed therein, b. means for directing the cells to be fused toward one side of the substrate; and c. a device for inducing fusion of the portion of the cells.

Abstract: The present invention involves cytoplasmic male sterile Brassica oleracea plants that contain polima CMS cytoplasm. The plants remain sterile at high temperatures. The Brassica oleracea plants of the present invention can be prepared by traditional breeding techniques. Different Brassica types can then be produced using these plants by employing traditional breeding techniques or by protoplast fusion.

Abstract: B. oleracea plant, whose cytoplasm is provided, via protoplast fusion, with mitochondria comprising DNA at least partially originating from a B. napus plant, and which is linked to the property of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) (i.e. responsible for cytoplasmic male sterility in the B. oleracea plant), and whose cells are provided with species-specific nuclear genome being normal for this plant.