Abstract: The present invention provides fungal xylanase and/or xylosidase enzymes suitable for use in saccharification reactions. The present invention provides xylanase and xylosidase enzymes suitable for use in saccharification reactions. The present application further provides genetically modified fungal organisms that produce xylanase(s) and/or xylosidase(s), as well as enzyme mixtures exhibiting enhanced hydrolysis of cellulosic material to fermentable sugars, enzyme mixtures produced by the genetically modified fungal organisms, and methods for producing fermentable sugars from cellulose using such enzyme mixtures. In some embodiments, the xylanase and xylosidase enzyme(s) are M. thermophila enzymes.

Abstract: Provided are isolated polypeptides having glucoamylase activity, catalytic domains, and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, catalytic domains. Also provided are nucleic acid constructs, vectors and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides, catalytic domains.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes of producing a fermentation product, comprising liquefying a starch containing material with an alpha-amylase; pre-saccharifying and/or saccharifying and fermenting using a fermentation organism in the presence of a carbohydrate source generating enzyme and a cellulolytic composition The invention also relates to methods of dewatering whole stillage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for enzymatic hydrolysis of granular starch into a soluble starch hydrolysate at a temperature below the initial gelatinization temperature of said granular starch.

Abstract: This invention relates to metabolically engineered microorganism strains, such as bacterial strains, in which there is an increased utilization of malonyl-CoA for production of a chemical product, which includes polyketides and 3-hydroxypropionic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having glucoamylase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for producing fermentation products from starch-containing material, wherein an alpha-amylase, a thermostable protease, and optionally a carbohydrate-source generating enzyme and/or pullulanase, are present and/or added during liquefaction. The invention also relates to compositions suitable for use in a process of the invention.

Abstract: Provided are isolated polypeptides having glucoamylase activity, catalytic domains, and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, catalytic domains. Also provided are nucleic acid constructs, vectors and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides, catalytic domains.

Abstract: Disclosed are a ketoreductase mutant which can be used for an efficient production of daunorubicin derivatives, a DNA encoding the mutant, a transformant prepared by introducing the DNA thereinto to produce a daunorubicin derivative, and a process of producing a daunorubicin derivative using the transformant. The ketoreductase mutant has an amino acid sequence in which one amino acid residue or two or more amino acid residues selected from the group consisting of amino acids located at positions corresponding to the 42nd, 149th, 153rd, 270th, and 306th amino acids in the amino acid sequence of a ketoreductase (EvaE) from a chlororemomycin-producing bacterium (Amycolatopsis orientalis) are substituted with another amino acid residues.

Abstract: This invention relates to metabolically engineered microorganism strains, such as bacterial strains, in which there is an increased utilization of malonyl-CoA for production of a chemical product, which includes polyketides and 3-hydroxypropionic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed are a ketoreductase mutant which can be used for an efficient production of daunorubicin derivatives, a DNA encoding the mutant, a transformant prepared by introducing the DNA thereinto to produce a daunorubicin derivative, and a process of producing a daunorubicin derivative using the transformant. The ketoreductase mutant has an amino acid sequence in which one amino acid residue or two or more amino acid residues selected from the group consisting of amino acids located at positions corresponding to the 42nd, 149th, 153rd, 270th, and 306th amino acids in the amino acid sequence of a ketoreductase (EvaE) from a chlororemomycin-producing bacterium (Amycolatopsis orientalis) are substituted with another amino acid residues.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for producing fermentation products from starch-containing material, wherein liquefied mash is saccharified or pre-saccharified using a thermostable carbohydrate-source generating enzyme before fermentation or SSF.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reagents and methods for the detection of osteopontin fragments and distinguishing them from each other and from the full-length osteopontin protein. The present invention also relates to assays for the determination of the presence of osteopontin fragments in samples obtained from subjects and, further, the correlation of osteopontin fragment levels fragment levels with disease detection, progression and prognosis.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transformant prepared by introducing a ketoreductase gene involved in the biosynthesis of L-epivancosamine into an actinobacterium originally capable of producing daunorubicin. Also disclosed is a process of efficiently producing a non-natural daunorubicin derivative using the transformant. The transformant is capable of efficiently producing a non-natural daunorubicin derivative such as epidaunorubicin.

Abstract: A truncated pullulanase variant of a parent pullulanase belonging to family GH57 comprising an X47 domain and the use thereof.

Abstract: The methods and reagents described in this invention are used to analyze circulating tumor cells, clusters, fragments, and debris. Analysis is performed with a number of platforms, including flow cytometry and the CELLSPOTTER® fluorescent microscopy imaging system. Analyzing damaged cells has shown to be important. However, there are two sources of damage: in vivo and in vitro. Damage in vivo occurs by apoptosis, necrosis, or immune response. Damage in vitro occurs during sample acquisition, handling, transport, processing, or analysis. It is therefore desirable to confine, reduce, eliminate, or at least qualify in vitro damage to prevent it from interfering in analysis. Described herein are methods to diagnose, monitor, and screen disease based on circulating rare cells, including malignancy as determined by CTC, clusters, fragments, and debris. Also provided are kits for assaying biological specimens using these methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a hydrolysate of from lignocellulose-containing material, comprising pre-treatment with low temperature, hydrolysis and fermentation, wherein hydrolysis is performed by contacting the lignocellulose-containing material with an enzyme composition comprising at least 10% xylanase enzyme protein w/w%.

Abstract: Sample processing units useful for mixing and purifying materials, such as fluidic materials are provided. A sample processing unit typically includes a container configured to contain a sample comprising magnetically responsive particles, and one or more magnets that are in substantially fixed positions relative to the container. A sample processing unit also generally includes a conveyance mechanism configured to convey the container to and from a position that is within magnetic communication with the magnet, e.g., such that magnetically responsive particles with captured analytes can be retained within the container when other materials are added to and/or removed from the container. Further, a sample processing unit also typically includes a rotational mechanism that is configured to rotate the container, e.g., to effect mixing of sample materials disposed within the container. Related carrier mechanisms, sample processing stations, systems, and methods are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having glucoamylase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having glucoamylase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: A polynucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:1 is associated with metastatic potential of cancer cells, especially breast cancer cells. Methods are provided for determining the risk of metastasis of a tumor, by determining whether a tissue sample from a tumor expresses a polypeptide or mRNA encoded by a polynucleotide as shown in SEQ ID NO:1. Also provided are therapeutic methods and compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds which exhibit an inhibitory effect on undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase of microbes and thereby they are expected to be used clinically as pharmaceutical agents for infectious diseases caused by bacteria. The process comprises culturing a microbe belonging to Penicillium and having ability of producing an FKI-3368 substance in or on a nutrient medium to accumulate the FKI-3368 substance in the nutrient medium and collecting the FKI-3368 substance from the culture.

Abstract: A method for screening cancer comprises the following steps: (1) providing a test specimen; (2) detecting the methylation state of the CpG sequence in at least one target gene within the genomic DNA of the test specimen, wherein the target genes is consisted of SOX1, PAX1, LMX1A, NKX6-1, WT1 and ONECUT1; and (3) determining whether there is cancer or cancerous pathological change in the specimen based on the presence or absence of the methylation state in the target gene; wherein method for detecting methylation state is methylation-specific PCR (MSP), quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP), bisulfite sequencing (BS), microarrays, mass spectrometer, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and pyrosequencing.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

Abstract: This invention relates to monoclonal antibodies that recognize an antigen specific to melanocytic lesions. These antibodies are useful in methods of isolating melanoma cells and diagnosing melanocytic lesions. These antibodies are also useful for immunotherapy against melanoma.

Abstract: The invention relates to genetically engineered cells, and to proteins and genes useful in the production of tetracycline compounds, to methods of producing tetracycline compounds, and to tetracyclines thereby produced. The present invention is based on the cloning and heterologous expression of genes encoding the chelocardin biosynthetic pathway.

Abstract: This invention provides novel compounds selected from the group consisting of a 1,5-substituted pyrimidine derivative or analog and substituted furano-pyrimidone analogs. The compounds are useful to treat or prevent diseases such as cancer.

Abstract: Cell-free systems which effect the production of polyketides employing modular polyketide synthases are described. Libraries of new and/or known polyketides may also be produced in cell-free systems employing aromatic PKS, modular PKS or both.

Abstract: The invention pertains to isolated phosphopantetheinyl transferases, such as the E. coli acyl carrier protein synthase, which transfer a phosphopantetheinyl group onto a substrate. The enzyme can be purified from a natural source, produced recombinantly, or synthetically. Accordingly, the invention provides compositions and kits including phosphopantetheinyl transferases and host cells expressing phosphopantetheinyl transferases. The invention also provides nucleic acids encoding phosphopantetheinyl transferases and vectors comprising such nucleic acids. The invention further provides methods for phosphopantetheinylating a substrate in vitro or in vivo and methods for producing antibiotics in vitro or in vivo.

Abstract: Overexpression of a CRAF1 (CD40 receptor-associated factor 1) gene truncated by 323 to about 414 amino acids at the amino inhibits CD40-mediated cell activation, and is used to treat conditions characterized by an unwanted level of CD40-mediated intracellular signaling.

Abstract: The stereochemical centers of a polyketide can be changed by replacement of ketosynthase domains in the polyketide synthase (PKS) enzyme that produces the polyketide. The specificity of the AT domains of a PKS is determined by a hypervariable region that can be replaced or altered to change the specificity of the AT domain from a naturally occurring extender unit to another naturally or non-naturally occurring extender unit. Non-naturally occurring extender units, including methylmalonyl N-acetyl cysteamine thioester can be incorporated into polyketides in recombinant host cells or in cell-free systems to make polyketides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for preparing optically pure (S)-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid derivatives expressed by the following Formula 1 and more particularly, to the continuous process which enables preparing optically pure (S)-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid derivatives economically in large quantities, by: (a) Preparing &agr;-(1,4) linked oligosaccharide having adequate sugar distribution by reacting amylopectin which is easily available from natural product with enzyme under a specific condition; and (b) Performing oxidatioin by running basic anion exchange resin with an oxidant to give (S)-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid-anion exchange resin complex, dissociating the (S)-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid from anion exchange resin complex and esterification sequentially under a specific condition.  wherein Represents linear or branched alkyl group with 1˜5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention relates to the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in female breast tumor extract as a prognostic or predictive indicator for breast carcinoma. The presence of prostate-specific antigen in breast tumours is associated with earlier disease stage, younger women and better survival. PSA is associated with tumors which have estrogen and/or progersterone receptors.

Abstract: Nuclear matrix proteins (NMP) are useful markers in diagnosing and monitoring the stage of malignancy of a cell, and in treating cell proliferative disorders associated with the NMP.

Abstract: Cell-free systems which effect the production of polyketides employing modular polyketide synthases are described. Libraries of new and/or known polyketides may also be produced in cell-free systems employing aromatic PKS, modular PKS or both.

Abstract: Recombinant S. aureofaciens cells are provided. These cells comprise:(a) at least one CTC 11 gene; and (b) optionally(i) a CTC 09 gene;(ii) a CTC 03 gene; or(iii)a combination thereof;wherein:the CTC 11 gene is chromosomal, extra-chromosomal, or chromosomal and extra-chromosomal;the CTC 09 gene, CTC 03 gene, or a combination thereof is chromosomal, extra-chromosomal, or a combination thereof;expression of the CTC 11 gene is enhanced over that of a wild-type S. aureofaciens cell; andoptionally, the CTC 09 gene, the CTC 03 gene, or both of the CTC 09 gene and the CTC 03 gene are inactivated.The present invention also contemplates vector pLP21329 and vectors for allelic replacement in a S. aureofaciens host cell. The vectors comprise:(a) a functional E.

Abstract: Recombinant S. aureofaciens cells are provided. These cells comprise: (a) at least one CTC 11 gene; and (b) optionally(i) a CTC 09 gene;(ii) a CTC 03 gene; or(iii) a combination thereof;wherein:the CTC 11 gene is chromosomal, extra-chromosomal, or chromosomal and extra-chromosomal;the CTC 09 gene, CTC 03 gene, or a combination thereof is chromosomal, extra-chromosomal, or a combination thereof; expression of the CTC 11 gene is enhanced over that of a wild-type S. aureofaciens cell; andoptionally, the CTC 09 gene, the CTC 03 gene, or both of the CTC 09 gene and the CTC 03 gene are inactivated.The present invention also contemplates vector pLP21329 and vectors for allelic replacement in a S. aureofaciens host cell. The vectors comprise:(a) a functional E.

Abstract: The present invention provides immortalized human bone marrow endothelial cells which are useful for the study of tumor metastasis. In particular, the human bone marrow endothelial cell lines provided by the invention provide an in vitro model system for screening compounds for the ability to reduce, prevent, or inhibit the metastasis of cancer cells to bone tissue.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of determining the stage of prostate cancer in a human subject using a sample of peripheral blood from a human subject. The invention uses reverse transcriptase-PCR to detect the mRNA encoding prostate specific antigen (PSA) in circulating cells expressing PSA. The invention further uses digoxigenin enhancement of the resultant cDNA signal. The method has an overall sensitivity capable of detecting one PSA expressing cell per 100,000 cells. The method produced no false positives and had a superior detection selectivity for patients with nonlocalized prostate cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel .alpha.-glucosidase inhibitor, pradimicin Q, having the following formula ##STR1## and its pharmaceutically acceptable base salts.

Abstract: An antibiotic complex is produced by the microorganism, Actinomadura brunnea NRRL 15216, ATCC 39216. A novel antibiotic 7-chloro-8-methoxy-2'-N-methyltetracycline, isolated from the antibiotic complex, is active against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes.

Abstract: New angucyclinones with a therapeutic action can be prepared with the aid of a strain of the genus Streptomyces.

Abstract: A new species of Micromonospora, in particular Micromonospora spartanea ATCC 53803, is described. The species produces antifungal compounds spartanamicins A and B. Methods for the production, isolation and characterization of the compounds are described. The compounds contain deoxy-L-fucose, as well as another hexose and an amino sugar.

Abstract: A new species of Micromonospora, in particular Micromonospora spartanea ATCC 53803, is described. The species produces new antifungal compounds spartanamicins A and B. Methods for the production, isolation and characterization of the compounds are described. The new compounds contain spartanose, which is a new hexose sugar, as well as another hexose and an amino sugar.

Abstract: The antibiotic 7273 complex is elaborated by the microorganism, Dactylosporangium vescum ATCC 39499. The novel 7-chloro-4a-hydroxy-8-methoxytetracycline isolated from antibiotic 7273 complex is active against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes.

Abstract: A novel anthracycline antibiotic complex, fragilomycin complex, is produced by the cultivation of a fermentation broth containing Streptosporangium fragile Shearer sp. nov. ATCC 31519 microorganisms in an aqueous nutrient medium under submerged aerobic conditions. The fragilomycin complex and its major bioactive component, fragilomycin A, exhibit antibiotic activity.