Abstract: The present invention relates to eukaryotic cells for producing molecules having an atypical fucose analogue on their glycomoieties and/or amino acids. It also relates to methods for producing molecules having an atypical fucose analogue on their glycomoieties and/or amino acids and to molecules obtainable by said methods. It further relates to methods for producing conjugates comprising molecules having an atypical fucose analogue on their glycomoieties and/or amino acids and pharmaceutical active compounds and to conjugates obtainable by said methods. In addition, the present invention relates to specific conjugates.

Abstract: There is described a method for analyzing ubiquitin polymers using linkage-specific deubiquitinase enzymes. Novel specificities of deubiquitinase enzymes are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for suppressing neuroendocrine disease. The therapy employs use of a non-cytotoxic protease, which is targeted to a neuroendocrine tumor cell, preferably via a somatostatin or cortistatin receptor, a GHRH receptor, a ghrelin receptor, a bombesin receptor, a urotensin receptor a melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1; a KiSS-1 receptor or a prolactin-releasing peptide receptor. When so delivered, the protease is internalized and inhibits secretion from said tumor cell. The present invention also relates to polypeptides and nucleic acids for use in said methods.

Abstract: A process is described for producing fermentable sugars derivable from biomass that contains polysaccharide, such as cellulose, made increasingly accessible as a substrate for enzymatic degradation or other methods of depolymerization. These fermentable sugars are subsequently able to be fermented to produce various target chemicals, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones or acids.

Abstract: A method for producing ?-Glu-Val-Gly comprising the step of reacting Val-Gly with a ?-glutamyl group donor in the presence of a ?-glutamyltransferase, a microorganism containing the enzyme, or a processed product thereof to generate ?-Glu-Val-Gly, wherein the ?-glutamyltransferase consists of a large subunit and a small subunit, and the small subunit has a specific mutation.

Abstract: Provided is a method of protein synthesis. The method of protein synthesis according to the present invention uses an automatic biological material purification apparatus including: a well plate kit; a heating part; and a magnetic field applying part, such that a plurality of target proteins may be more quickly and simply obtained as compared to target proteins obtained by using the existing method for expressing/purifying proteins through conventional cell culture, and a reproducible synthesis efficiency on the same proteins may be obtained due to no deviation between reaction wells.

Abstract: Novel pro-insulin having specific amino acid and/or nucleic acid modifications suitable for improved methods of insulin production are provided. Novel and highly efficient processes for preparing the pro-insulin preparations and preparations containing them are also disclosed. The novel pro-insulin preparations may be converted into human insulin useful in therapeutic preparations. Novel peptides of the C-peptide, and N terminus, including RREAEALQVGQVELGGGPGAGSLQPLALEGSLQAR, and MHHHHHHGGR respectively are provided, as well as the unique nucleic acid molecules encoding them.

Abstract: A casein hydrolysate formed by controlled hydrolysis of a casein substrate by an aspergillus-derived (fugal) proteolytic preparation is described. The controlled hydrolysis employs a FlavorPro-Whey™ formulation and a degree of hydrolysis (% DH) of from 5% DH to 15% DH. The hydrolysate has at least a 98% reduction in antigenicity compared to intact sodium caseinate and a mean bitterness score of less than 30%.

Abstract: Using a nucleic acid construct, association of a polypeptide with a sequence coding therefor and screening of a polypeptide that binds to a target substance are carried out, which nucleic acid construct comprises a 5?-untranslated region and a coding region, wherein the above-mentioned coding region comprises a sequence coding for a polypeptide subjected to be displayed, a sequence coding for a first nucleic acid binding polypeptide, and a sequence coding for a second nucleic acid binding polypeptide; the above-mentioned 5?-untranslated region comprises a first sequence capable of binding to a first nucleic acid binding polypeptide and a second sequence capable of binding to second nucleic acid binding polypeptide; and, when the above-mentioned nucleic acid construct is introduced in a translation system, a fusion protein translated from the coding region of the above-mentioned nucleic acid construct forms a complex with an RNA corresponding to the above-mentioned nucleic acid construct.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods of functionalizing proteins, particularly antibodies, at oligosaccharide linkages, methods of humanizing antibodies by modifying glycosylation, as well as to novel antibodies linked to modified oligosaccharides. The invention further relates to kits that may be used to produce the antibodies of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the proteolytic hydrolysis of a peptide or a polypeptide, said peptide or polypeptide comprising 4 to 40, preferably 5 to 35, amino acid residues and said peptide or polypeptide is not hydrolysable by subtilisin whereby said peptide or polypeptide is hydrolysed by a proline specific endo protease at a pH of 6.5 or lower, preferably 5.5 or lower and more preferably 5.0 or lower to hydrolyse said peptide or polypeptide.

Abstract: Provided are methods of collecting, detecting and altering cells and molecular entities using glycoprotein micelles and vesicles. Glycoprotein vesicles comprising a glycoprotein micelle, at least a monolayer of lectin and/or a monolayer of biologically active glycoproteins are also provided. The invention further provides methods of detecting protein glycosylation using the vesicles of the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is pyrroline-carboxy-lysine (PCL), a pyrrolysine analogue, which is a natural, biosynthetically generated amino acid, and methods for biosynthetically generating PCL. Also disclosed herein are proteins, polypeptides and peptides that have PCL incorporated therein and methods for incorporating PCL into such proteins, polypeptides and peptides. Also disclosed herein is the site-specific derivatization of proteins, polypeptides and peptides having PCL or pyrrolysine incorporated therein. Also disclosed herein is the crosslinking of proteins, polypeptides and peptides having PCL or pyrrolysine incorporated therein.

Abstract: A clickable cross-linker compound provides an easily scanned reporter ion for effective and efficient cross-linking and identification of intermolecular and intramolecular interactions of proteins and peptides.

Abstract: This invention provides for a novel means of incorporating non-native amino acids into preselected positions of a protein using a cell-free synthesis system. The methods involve the use of non-orthogonal, native isoaccepting sense tRNAs that are encoded by the genetic code. Such methods allow for numerous non-native amino acids to be incorporated through the use of sense codons without having to rely upon orthogonal tRNA-synthetase pairs.

Abstract: Bioreactors are provided that include a vessel and a jet mixer disposed in the vessel. Methods that utilize the bioreactors are provided, involving placing a microorganism or cells and a fluid medium in the bioreactor.

Abstract: A method for cross-linking albumin for use as a sealant or glue for a biological system, for example to induce hemostasis and/or prevent leakage of any other fluid from a biological tube or tissue, such as lymph for example. The cross-linked albumin may optionally and preferably be applied as part of a bandage for example. In other embodiments, the present invention provides a method of enzymatically cross-linking globular proteins, by altering the structure of the protein to improve the accessibility of the protein to the cross-linking enzyme.

Abstract: A method for producing an L-amino acid by preparing a processed product of a microalgae, which promotes production and accumulation of the L-amino acid by a bacterium having an ability to produce the L-amino acid, by culturing the microalgae in a medium, and processing the resulting culture at a midtemperature; culturing the bacterium in a medium containing the processed product of the microalgae to produce and accumulate the L-amino acid in culture; and collecting the L-amino acid from the culture.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are engineered cleavage half-domains; fusion polypeptides comprising these engineered cleavage half-domains; polynucleotides encoding the engineered cleavage half-domains and fusion proteins; and cells comprising said polynucleotides and/or fusion proteins. Also described are methods of using these polypeptides and polynucleotides, for example for targeted cleavage of a genomic sequence.

Abstract: Materials and methods for in vivo de-glycosylation of recombinant N-glycosylated proteins by co-expression with bacterial PNGase F (Peptide: N-glycosidase F) in plants, using a transient expression system are described. Methods are described which, for example, produce recombinant proteins of interest in plants in a non-glycosylated form. A method of expressing active bacterial PNGase F in plants also is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reagents and methods for purifying pertussis toxin (PT).

Abstract: A therapeutic formulation containing mucin glycans derived from one or a number of nutritionally appropriate sources is described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a complex comprising a phage particle, said phage particle comprising (i) a polypeptide; (ii) a nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide of (i); (iii) a connector compound attached to said polypeptide wherein said connector compound is attached to the polypeptide by at least three discrete covalent bonds. The invention also relates to libraries, and to methods for making complexes and to methods of screening using same.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for preparing an antibody-active agent conjugate. The conjugate comprises an antibody, a cysteine residue of an amino acid motif that can be recognized by an isoprenoid transferase located at or after the carboxy-terminus of the antibody, an isoprenoid unit operably linked to the cysteine residue, and an active agent. The invention also provides a composition comprising the antibody-active agent conjugate prepared by the methods.

Abstract: The use of a neutral protease (NP) together with a collagenase consists in that a neutral protease which is not contained in a collagenase enzyme preparation and which is not produced by a recombinant production is mixed before the beginning of a tissue dissociation with a collagenase or a collagenase enzyme preparation with an individual dosage of the quantitative proportions of neutral protease and collagenase for improving the isolation results with respect to yield, viability and integrity of the cells.

Abstract: The invention provides a chimeric E2 enzyme comprising a Ubc domain fused to a heterologous ubiquitin binding domain (UBD). The chimeric enzymes of the invention may be useful in producing elevated levels of free polyubiquitin.

Abstract: In a method for producing a whey protein hydrolysate, a whey substrate, selected from the group consisting of whey, commercially available whey powder, whey protein isolate, whey protein preparations, and ?-Lactalbumin obtained from whey, is enzymatically hydrolyzing at least with alcalase and trypsin as enzymes at a ratio of g enzymes/g whey substrate between 1:10 and 1:10,000 and at a temperature of between 30° C. and 70° C. within an incubation period of between 18 hours and 30 hours, until a hydrolysis degree of more than 50% of the protein of the whey substrate have a molecular weight of less than 4 kDa. The enzymes are inactivated by heating the enzymes to a temperature of 80° C. to 100° C. after the desired hydrolysis degree has been reached.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to articles of manufacture, devices, methods and apparatus for performing liquid chromatography featuring a chromatographic sorbent having one or more pentafluorophenyl groups, wherein said one or more pentafluorophenyl groups are a bonded phase on a sorbent selected from the group comprising silica, organic polymers or hybrid organic silane material and said pentafluorophenyl groups are in a mono-, bi-, and tridentate forms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for detecting modified LDL, abnormal cells or bacteria using an intermolecular interaction analysis method, in which a region involved in ligand recognition by a receptor is expressed, without modification or as a biotinylated protein, in cells or in a test tube, and thereafter, the expressed region or the expressed biotinylated protein is immobilized via avidin or streptavidin to a solid phase while the orientation thereof is maintained, and the immobilized protein is utilized; and a kit for detecting the modified LDL or the like.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising isolated peptides having a leucine content of from about 12 to about 40 weight percent. Also disclosed is a method for isolating leucine-rich peptides from protein sources such as bovine whey and methods of use for these peptides to provide beneficial effects in a human and/or animal such as increasing blood flow, decreasing blood pressure, increasing muscle mass, improving cognitive function, improving cardiovascular function, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a recombinant protein of interest which is characterised by the following steps: (a) providing a first part of an Npro autoprotease and providing a second part of an Npro autoprotease, wherein said second part is fused by a peptidic bond to a protein of interest but said second part alone does not exhibit a proteolytic activity, and wherein complementation of said first part with the second part forms an autoproteolytically active Npro autoprotease, (b) contacting the first part of the Npro autoprotease with the second part of the Npro autoprotease so that an autoproteolytically active Npro autoprotease is formed and the protein of interest fused by the peptidic bond to the second part of the Npro autoprotease is proteolytically cleaved off the second part of the Npro autoprotease at the peptidic bond, and (c) recovering the protein of interest.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a recombinant protein of interest, the method being characterised in by the following steps: (a) providing a fusion protein comprising an Npro autoprotease moiety and a protein of interest moiety in inclusion bodies, (b) solubilising the inclusion bodies, (c) allowing the fusion protein to be cleaved by the Npro autoprotease moiety under chaotropic conditions, wherein the recombinant protein of interest is cleaved from the fusion protein and wherein the recombinant protein of interest is not yet renatured or simultaneously renatured, and (d) recovering the protein of interest, optionally including a renaturing step for the protein of interest.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparative in vitro protein synthesis in a cell-free transcription/translation system, comprising the following steps: a) in a reaction vessel, a reaction solution is prepared, comprising the following synthesis substances: components of the transcription/translation apparatus for a defined-protein, amino acids, and metabolic components supplying energy and being necessary for the synthesis of the defined protein, b) the synthesis is performed in the reaction vessel in a defined period of time, c) after expiration of the defined period of time, the reaction solution is subjected to a separation step, in which generated low-molecular metabolic products are separated from the solution (and extracted).

Abstract: Method for marking a target structure, comprising the following steps: a) providing a compound V that includes at least one dihydroxy- or trihydroxyphenyl group, b) providing a means for converting the dihydroxy- or trihydroxyphenyl group to a quinone group, c) providing a target structure, d) oxidising the dihydroxy- or trihydroxyphenyl group of the compound V to the quinone group, and e) contacting the compound V with the target structure, so that a covalent bond can be formed, wherein in step e) the compound V is used in a concentration such that the maximum concentration of dihydroxy-, trihydroxyphenyl groups and quinone groups that are introduced by the compound V is ?500 ?M, preferably ?300 ?M, and more preferably ?100 ?M.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems for identifying genes and gene products associated with nitrogenous bisphosphonate treatment (NBP) treatment of calcium disorders. The invention also provides systems for identify and/or characterizing agents in treating calcium disorders. The invention further provides systems for diagnosing a calcium disorder and monitoring treatment of a subject.

Abstract: The present invention provides genetically engineered strains of Pichia capable of producing proteins with reduced glycosylation. In particular, the genetically engineered strains of the present invention are capable of expressing either or both of an ?-1,2-mannosidase and glucosidase II. The genetically engineered strains of the present invention can be further modified such that the OCH1 gene is disrupted. Methods of producing glycoproteins with reduced glycosylation using such genetically engineered stains of Pichia are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a cross-linked poly-?-lysine polymer. The poly-?-lysine and cross linker are linked by amide bonds and may the cross linker has at least two functional groups capable of reacting with an alpha carbon amine of poly-?-lysine. The polymer is suitably insoluble in water and other solvents and is provided in particulate form. The invention provides a particulate support comprising the cross-linked poly-?-lysine polymer and the polymer may provide the particle itself or be coated on a particle for example silica. The polymer is useful in a wide range of applications including wound treatment, as a medical diagnostic comprising a particulate support and a functional material bound or retained by the support and solid phase synthesis of peptides, oligonucleotides, oligosaccharides, immobilisation of species, cell culturing and in chromatographic separation.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for selecting at least one eukaryotic host cell expressing a product of interest, comprising (a) providing a plurality of eukaryotic host cells, wherein cellular viability of said host cells is dependent upon folate uptake, wherein said host cells comprise at least (i) a foreign polynucleotide encoding a product of interest and (ii) a foreign polynucleotide encoding a DHFR enzyme; (b) culturing said plurality of eukaryotic host cells in a selective culture medium comprising at least an inhibitor of DHFR and folate in a limiting concentration; and (c) selecting at least one eukaryotic host cell expressing the product of interest. Also provided is a method for expressing a product of interest which is based on host cells selected by said method and a cell culture medium.

Abstract: Detailed herein are contiguous, multimeric, multispecific polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding such polypeptides, and methods for making such polypeptides and nucleic acids.

Abstract: Prognostic methods useful in assessing patients who have received a transplant and reagents that can be used to carry out those methods are provided. The inventions are based, in part, on our analysis of gene expression in renal allografts and clinical parameters, i.e., variables associated with the donor, the recipient and/or the graft. The genes that can be assessed include those encoding agents that mediate inflammation, immune activation, and cell death (we may refer to these genes as “inflammatory”, “immune” or “cytoprotective”). Surprisingly, the levels of gene expression could predict the occurrence of DGF, AR, and the quality of later graft function even when analyzed shortly after (e.g., after vascular anastomosis and tissue reperfusion). We also found that clinical parameters available at the time of transplantation correlate with decreased graft health and can be considered in combination with gene expression to evaluate a patient's risk for an adverse outcome.

Abstract: Occidiofungin is a cyclic nonribosomally synthesized antifungal peptide with submicromolar activity. This invention is directed to compositions enriched for particular occidiofungin diastereomers/conformers, methods of making compositions enriched for particular diastereomers/conformers and microorganisms suitable for producing enriched compositions of particular diastereomers/conformers. Methods of treating fungal infections or plants infected by fungi are also provided.

Abstract: The invention related to a tRNA synthetase capable of binding delta-substituted lysine, wherein said tRNA synthetase comprises amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence of at least L271 to Y349 of MbPyIRS, wherein said sequence comprises 5 or fewer substitutions within the amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence of at least L271 to Y349 of MbPyIRS; and wherein said synthetase comprises W at amino acid position 349 relative to MbPyIRS.

Abstract: Complexes that contain RSV F ectodomain polypeptides and methods for making the complexes are disclosed. The RSV F ectodomain polypeptides can be in the prefusion form.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a DPP-4 inhibitor that is obtained by using a food as a raw material and that is suitable for oral ingestion from the viewpoints of flavor and absorbability, and a composition for the prevention and/or amelioration of diabetes which contains the DPP-4 inhibitor. The present invention provides a DPP-4 inhibitor obtained by treating an azuki bean or a kidney bean with a microorganism or a proteolytic enzyme produced by the microorganism. In particular, a preferable DPP-4 inhibitor can be obtained by hydrolyzing an azuki bean with a koji mold or a proteolytic enzyme derived from the koji mold to fragment a protein in the azuki bean.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymyxin derivative wherein the derivative has a total of three positive charges at physiological pH and wherein the terminal moiety (D) of the derivative comprises a total of 1 to 5 carbon atoms. The invention also relates to a method of treating a subject for a gram-negative bacterial infection by administering a polymyxin derivative of the invention in combination with a second antibacterial agent. Finally, the invention relates to a process for preparing such polymyxin derivatives.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the utilization of bacterial cell-free extracts in the synthesis of polypeptides containing unnatural amino acids at one or more specified residues of the polypeptide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having beta-glucosidase activity, beta-xylosidase activity, or beta-glucosidase and beta-xylosidase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: In the method for introducing a noncanonical amino acid residue into a desired position in a protein, the structure of tRNA is so modified as to have improved affinity for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase or improved specificity to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. An unnatural base is contained at any position in tRNA, whereby the efficiency of aminoacylation of the tRNA with a noncanonical amino acid can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having beta-glucosidase activity, beta-xylosidase activity, or beta-glucosidase and beta-xylosidase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: Provided herein are kits and methods suitable for enhancing in vitro translation of a nuclei acid sequence of interest.