Abstract: Isolated monomelic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase polypeptides and polynucleotides having non-canonical biological activities are provided, as well as compositions and methods related thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to assays for monitoring activity of Mina53 and NO66 activities, in particular, to assays for identifying modulators of Mina53 and NO66 activities. The invention also relates to assays to monitor the histidinyl hydroxylase activity of Mina53 and NO66 on their substrates, the human ribosomal protein Rpl27a and Rpl8 respectively. The invention also enables the introduction of S-3-hydroxyhistidinyl residues into peptides and proteins.

Abstract: Provided is a method of screening for agents for preventing or treating mTORC1 mediated diseases by screening test agents to determine test agents that inhibit the binding ability of LRS to RagD, or RagD GTPases, and a method of reducing cell size as compared to the control group, including inhibiting the expression of intracellular LRS in the cells.

Abstract: Disclosed is as a biomarker useful in early diagnosis of lung cancer, at least one protein selected from the group including Quescin-sulfhydryl oxidase 1, Fibrillin-1, Isoform A of Lamin-A/C, Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 2, Galectin-1, highly similar to Dickkopf-related protein 3, Isoform A1-B of Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, 14-3-3 protein epsilon, Stanniocalcin-2, Cystatin-C, Isoform 1 of Connective tissue growth factor, Profilin-1, Isoform 1 of Extracellular matrix protein 1, Histone H2B type 2-E, Kinesin-like protein KIF26A, Zinc finger protein 516, and Isoform 1 of A-kinase anchor protein 9.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and kits for detecting cardiac remodeling in subjects without clinical signs of heart failure. The present invention also relates to methods and pharmaceutical compositions for the prevention and the treatment of cardiac remodeling.

Abstract: The present invention discloses that diabetic rats showed a reduction in nitrergic relaxation of the gastric, impaired nNOS dimerization, decreased BH4 and GTPCH1 levels and thus, are more susceptible to develop diabetic gastroparesis. The use of tetrahydrobiopterin and its derivatives and sex steroid hormones as disclosed herein provides a novel strategy for therapeutic intervention of diabetic gastroparesis and any other gut-related diseases. Additionally, the present invention also discloses methods to determine risk of developing gastroparesis in an individual that are drawn to detecting variations in the activity and levels of GCH gene and in gene encoding sex steroid hormone receptor.

Abstract: Methods for in vitro diagnosis of type I allergy comprises the steps of contacting an immunoglobulin-containing body fluid sample from a patient suspected of having type I allergy with a variant or fragment of the mature protein, amino acids 25-260, of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 1, which variant or fragment shares epitopes for antibodies with the mature protein, amino acids 25-260, of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 1; and detecting the presence, in the sample, of IgE antibodies specifically binding to the variant or fragment. The presence of such IgE antibodies specifically binding to the variant or fragment is indicative of a type I allergy in the patient.

Abstract: The present relates to a method for detecting cardiac remodeling in a subject without clinical signs of heart failure comprising determining the level of the NGAL-MMP9 complex in a blood sample obtained from the patient.

Abstract: Polypeptides with tubulin acetyltransferase activity are described, as are nucleic acids encoding said polypeptides, and methods of use. The invention further provides enhancers and inhibitors of tubulin acetyltransferase activity, as well as cells having altered tubulin transferase activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a probe for iFRET and use thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a novel probe for iFRET, a method for preparing the probe for iFRET, a method for searching a target protein-specific binding site or a molecule having the binding site using the probe for iFRET, and a method for imaging the target protein using the probe for iFRET. The probe for iFRET according to the present invention utilizes an amino acid in a protein as a fluorescent donor, unlike the conventional FRET method. Therefore, only one fluorescent material is used, and its emission wavelength is distinct from the intrinsic fluorescence of the protein. Thus, high specificity and sensitivity are ensured, and the quantity, activity and mechanism of various proteins can be analyzed in an easy and accurate manner.

Abstract: It is intended to find a highly specific epithelial ovarian cancer marker and to provide an antibody capable of specifically recognizing and detecting the marker or a fragment of the antibody. The present invention provides an anti-?1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5B antibody for diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer, i.e., an antibody for detection of a glycosyltransferase ?1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5B as an epithelial ovarian cancer marker. The antibody recognizes, as an epitope, a part of a polypeptide of the enzyme consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.

Abstract: A method of providing protection against pneumococcal infection in a subject is disclosed. The method includes steps of administering to the subject a composition that includes combination of three recombinant pneumococcal neuraminidases: NanA, NanB, and NanC of S. pneumoniae strains CGSP14, wherein administration of the recombinant pneumococcal neuraminidases elicits an immune response to S. pneumoniae, and treats the subject. In one embodiment, the method further includes a step of adding adjuvants to enhance the immune response. The method also includes a step of using passive antibodies, wherein said passive antibodies are anti-neuraminidase antibodies generated from neuraminidases-immunized humanized animals: NanA, NanB, and NanC. Meanwhile, this invention also provides a method for the molecular diagnosis of pneumococcal infection.

Abstract: We provide VHZ for use in a method of treatment, prophylaxis or alleviation of a cancer, such as breast cancer, in an individual. We provide an anti-VHZ agent for the treatment, prophylaxis or alleviation of cancer. We further provide a kit for detecting breast cancer in an individual or susceptibility of the individual to breast cancer comprising means for detection of VHZ expression in the individual or a sample taken from him or her as well as a method of detecting a cancer cell, the method comprising detecting modulation of expression, amount or activity of VHZ in the cell.

Abstract: Biomarkers and methods for screening expression levels of the biomarkers for predicting and tracking suicidality, as well as for monitoring response to a treatment for suicidal risk and for determining suicidal risk as a side-effect of an antidepressant are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of utilizing the chymotrypsin level of an individual as a measure of the success of secretin, other neuropeptides, and peptides or digestive enzyme administration to such individuals, and in particular, as a prognosticative of potential secretin, other neuropeptides, peptides, and digestive enzyme administration for persons having ADD, ADHD, Autism and other PDD related disorders.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for simultaneously detecting the activation state of a plurality of proteins in single cells using flow cytometry. The invention further provides methods and compositions of screening for bioactive agents capable of coordinately modulating the activity of a plurality of proteins in single cells. The methods and compositions can be used to determine the protein activation profile of a cell for predicting or diagnosing a disease state, and for monitoring treatment of a disease state.

Abstract: A method for characterizing a carcinoma in a subject. The method comprises assaying a sample of a bodily fluid derived from the subject for extracellular PKA activity and comparing the activity to a reference value. In the assay, a reaction mixture is prepared comprising the previously unfrozen sample, a PKA peptide substrate, a phosphorylation agent, the prepared mixture is incubated, and phosphorylated substrate formed in the incubated mixture is detected. The reference value is the amount of phosphorylated substrate formed in a mixture under equivalent redox conditions for a sample of bodily fluid derived from a population of normal subjects of the same species.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a subject, the method comprising measuring plasma macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) concentration in a sample from the subject, and diagnosing ACS when the subject plasma MIF concentration is greater than a reference plasma MIF concentration, wherein the sample is taken less than 4 hours after symptom onset. The invention also relates to a method for prognosing ACS in a subject, the method comprising measuring plasma MIF concentration in a sample from the subject, diagnosing ACS when the subject plasma MIF concentration is greater than a reference plasma MIF concentration, and prognosing the magnitude of ACS from the subject plasma MIF concentration. Also provided is a method of treating ACS in a subject, a device, a kit, and a cardiac biomarker related to the methods of diagnosing and prognosing ACS.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for predicting the effect of an immunotherapy against cancer in a patient based on new biomarkers. The present invention furthermore relates to a prognosis regarding the outcome based on said biomarkers. The present invention furthermore relates to panels of biomarkers for use in the above methods.

Abstract: Provided herein is a large immuno-sorbent surface area assay (ALISSA) for the rapid and sensitive detection of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and anthrax toxin. This assay is designed to capture a low number of toxin molecules and to measure their intrinsic protease activity via conversion of a fluorogenic or luminescent substrate. Also provided herein are novel peptides that can be specifically cleaved by BoNT and novel peptides that are resistant to cleavage by BoNT. The combination of these cleavable and control peptides can be used for implementation of an exemplary ALISSA used to specifically detect BoNT enzymatic activity. Furthermore, the ALISSA as described herein may also be used in a column based format for use in a high-throughput system for testing large quantities of samples.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for predicting the efficacy of eribulin, an analog thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (e.g., eribulin mesylate), in the treatment of a subject suffering from breast cancer by determining the level of particular biomarkers in a sample derived from the subject.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of detecting cancer using biomarkers.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a novel serine/threonine protein kinase, specifically to hormonally up-regulated, neu-tumor-associated kinase (HUNK); and to the role of HUNK in tumor metastasis, primary tumor development, and the prediction of tumor behavior.

Abstract: We determined the sequence of ATRX and DAXX in 447 cancers from various sites. We found mutations most commonly in pediatric glioblastoma multiformae (GBM) (11.1%), adult GBM (6.5%), oligodendrogliomas (7.7%) and medulloblastomas (1.5%); and showed that Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT), a telomerase-independent telomere maintenance mechanism found in cancers that have not activated telomerase, perfectly correlated with somatic mutations of either gene. In contrast, neuroblastomas, and adenocarcinomas of the ovary, breast, and pancreas were negative for mutations in ATRX and DAXX. Alterations in ATRX or DAXX define a specific molecular pathway that is closely associated with an alternative telomere maintenance function in human cancers.

Abstract: Methods, kits, and systems for determining vulnerable plaque burden in a subject. The methods involve measuring an amount of at least one biomarker in a blood sample from the subject, wherein the at least one biomarker is selected from the group consisting of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The concentration of these biomarkers in a sample from the subject are used to determine vulnerable plaque burden in the subject.

Abstract: Biomarkers for screening subjects for Parkinson's disease and providing companion diagnostic tools for therapies using LRRK2 modulators, and assays for screening compounds and compositions for modulation of LRRK2 activity.

Abstract: In embodiments of the present invention, there are methods and compositions related to diagnosis and treatment of serous ovarian cancer. In specific embodiments, the invention encompasses methods related to miR-34c in diagnosis and treatment methods for serous ovarian cancer. In specific embodiments, the invention encompasses treatment methods for pancreatic cancer and other responsive cancers.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining the presence and/or amount of analytes in a fluid sample are described.

Abstract: The invention features a method of monitoring a clotting process by measuring a signal characteristic of the NMR relaxation of water in a sample undergoing endotoxi-induced clotting to produce NMR relaxation data and determining from the NMR relaxation data a magnetic resonance parameter of water in the sample characteristic of the level of endotoxin present in the sample.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to chymase, antibodies to chymase, and diagnostic and therapeutic methods relates thereto. It has been discovered that above certain circulating levels of chymase, a patient has a high likelihood of AVF nonmaturation. Compositions and methods of detecting and measuring chymase levels are disclosure herein. In certain embodiments, the disclosure relates to methods of determining the effectiveness of creating an arteriovenous fistula in a subject diagnosed with chronic kidney disease.

Abstract: In order to identify a gene that can serve as an indicator for predicting the effectiveness of a drug treatment of cancer and to provide a novel method for predicting the effectiveness of a drug treatment targeting said gene, lung adenocarcinomas were subjected to whole-transcriptome sequencing. As a result, in-frame fusion transcripts between the KIF5B gene and the RET gene were identified. The KIF5B-RET gene fusions were detected in 6 out of 319 (2%) LADC specimens from Japanese individuals and 1 out of 80 (1%) LADC specimens from U.S.A. individuals. None of the seven subjects revealed known activating mutations such as EGFR, KRAS or ALK oncogenes; thus, said gene fusions were found to be responsible mutations (driver mutations) for oncogenesis. Since said gene fusions are considered to induce constitutive activation of RET tyrosine kinase protein, it was found that treatments with RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective in patients with detection of said gene fusions.

Abstract: The present invention deals with reagents and compositions capable of effectively inhibiting peroxidase activity. According to the invention, peroxidase enzymatic activity is blocked with an acidic aqueous solution of a protein denaturing agent. Preferred protein denaturing agents are detergents and chaotropic substances.

Abstract: The invention provides methods, compositions and kits relating to the detection, diagnosis, treatment of colorectal cancer.

Abstract: Radiotracer vorozole compounds for in vivo and in vitro assaying, studying and imaging cytochrome P450 aromatase enzymes in humans, animals, and tissues and methods for making and using the same are provided. [N-radio-methyl] vorozole substantially separated from an N-3 radio-methyl isomer of vorozole is provided. Separation is accomplished through use of chromatography resins providing multiple mechanisms of selectivity.

Abstract: Administering an effective dose of glutenase to a Celiac or dermatitis herpetiformis patient reduces levels of toxic gluten oligopeptides, thereby attenuating or eliminating the damaging effects of gluten.

Abstract: A method for predicting the response to treatment in a patient suffering from a head or neck cancer including: obtaining a biological sample for the patient; measuring the expression level of several gene and using the measurement to predict a patient's response to treatment. The methods may include predicting the treatment response in a patient having virally-induced head or neck cancer; and/or using the prediction to treat the patient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of treatment regimens in subjects suffering from or suspected of having a renal injury. In particular, the invention relates to using a one or more assays configured to detect a kidney injury marker selected from the group consisting of Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1, Alpha-1-antitrypsin Neutrophil elastase complex, Stromelysin-1:Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 complex, 72 kDa type IV collagenase:Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 complex, Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, Myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88, Neuronal cell adhesion molecule, and Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in renal injuries.

Abstract: Certain embodiments include methods of assessing male fertility.

Abstract: The present invention provides, inter alia, methods for treating, preventing, or ameliorating the effects of a lymphoid malignancy, such as those associated with a mutated phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene, or T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). These methods include administering to a subject an effective amount of a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-delta (PI3K?) inhibitor and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-gamma (PI3K?) inhibitor. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions for treating the effects of a lymphoid malignancy. This invention further provides a method for identifying a subject who may benefit from co-treatment with a PI3K? inhibitor and a PI3K? inhibitor. This method includes determining from a sample of the subject whether the subject has a mutated PTEN gene. Additionally, this invention provides methods for identifying a compound that has both PI3K? and PI3K? inhibitory activity.

Abstract: All neoplastic cells express one or more members of a unique family of cell surface ubiquinone (NADH) oxidase proteins with protein disulfide-thiol interchange activity (ECTO-NOX proteins) that are characteristically inhibited by quinone site inhibitors with anti-cancer activity and a common amino acid sequence disclosed herein that allows for cancer-specific antibody recognition as well as for detection of certain critical reference proteins that provide loading controls. Cancers of different cellular or tissue origins express different ENOX2 cancer isoforms or combinations of isoforms and shed these proteins into the circulation. Herein are disclosed methods both for cancer detection and diagnosis of particular origin, based on the patterns and molecular weights of the isoforms which allow the identification of the cell type and or tissue of origin of the neoplasm. Relative ENOX2 amounts are proportional to tumor burden and provide a reliable measure of response to therapy and disease progression.

Abstract: Embodiments herein provide methods, apparatuses, and systems for detecting, monitoring, measuring, and/or characterizing the activity of phosphoproteins, such as tyrosine kinases (TKs) and downstream proteins in TK signal transduction pathways (e.g., TK pathway proteins). In various embodiments, the methods, apparatuses, and systems may use nanoparticles, such as quantum dots (QD), to detect and/or characterize the abnormally overactive TK signaling pathways that underlie tumorgenesis and tumor progression. In various embodiments, the QD-based methods, apparatuses, and systems may have a sufficiently high degree of sensitivity to enable the identification of new TK signaling pathway markers, for example for use in diagnosing, staging, monitoring, and/or prognosing cancers, or in evaluating the efficacy of cancer therapeutics.

Abstract: The invention features methods of diagnosing cancer in a mammal (e.g., a human) by detecting a biomarker selected from a satellite II ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule, a cancer-associated polycomb group (CAP) body, a cancer-associated satellite transcript (CAST) body, and UbH2A. Also featured is a method for identifying an agent for treating cancer in a mammal by contacting a cancer cell having a biomarker selected from a CAP body, a CAST body, and a satellite II RNA molecule with a test agent and determining whether the test agent reduces the level of the biomarker in the cancer cell. Other inventions featured are a method for determining whether a chemotherapeutic agent increases epigenetic imbalance of a cell and a method for detecting epigenetic imbalance by determining a copy number of a satellite II DNA locus at chromosome 1q12 in a cell.

Abstract: A method for measuring immunoglobulin G-mediated complement activation, includes the following steps: a) preparing a sample A of immunoglobulin G and a sample B including natural serum, the natural serum optionally being diluted in a dilution buffer; b) mixing sample A with sample B at a ratio (amount of IgG in A in grams):(volume of natural serum in B in liters) of between and 75, at a temperature of between 2° C. and 6° C., and subsequently incubating the resulting reaction mixture at a temperature of between 35° C. and 40° C. for a period of between 30 minutes and 2 hours; c) cooling the reaction mixture obtained at the end of step b) to a temperature of between 0° C. and 4° C. in the presence of EDTA; and d) measuring the amount of C5a fragment in the cooled reaction mixture obtained in c).

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of detecting cancer in a sample obtained from a subject. The invention also provides kits and reagents for detecting cancer as well as therapeutics and methods of treating cancer.

Abstract: Diagnostic methods relating to a cardiac ventricular dysfunction are provided. In some embodiments, the diagnostic method is a method of diagnosing diastolic dysfunction in the absence of systolic dysfunction in a subject. The method comprises assaying a sample obtained from the subject for evidence of activation of renin-angiontensin system (RAS), evidence of oxidative stress, a level of adiponectin, or a combination thereof, wherein, when there is a lack of evidence of RAS activation, a lack of evidence of oxidative stress, a reduction in the level of adiponectin, or a combination thereof, as compared to a control subject, the subject is diagnosed with diastolic dysfunction in the absence of systolic dysfunction. Also provided are methods of diagnosing a type of cardiac ventricular dysfunction, methods of determining a therapeutic regimen for a subject suffering from a cardiac ventricular dysfunction, and methods of treating diastolic dysfunction in the absence of systolic dysfunction.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for the production of chimeric antibodies that specifically bind an antigen of interest.

Abstract: Specific peptides, and derived ionization characteristics of the peptides, from the Fatty acid synthase (FASN) protein are provided that are particularly advantageous for quantifying the FASN protein directly in biological samples that have been fixed in formalin by the method of Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry, or what can also be termed as Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry. Such biological samples are chemically preserved and fixed and are selected from tissues and cells treated with formaldehyde containing agents/fixatives including formalin-fixed tissue/cells, formalin-fixed/paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue/cells, FFPE tissue blocks and cells from those blocks, and tissue culture cells that have been formalin fixed and or paraffin embedded.

Abstract: The present invention relates to gene sets useful in assessing prognosis and/or predicting the response of cancer, e.g. colorectal cancer to chemotherapy. In addition, the invention relates to a clinically validated cancer test, e.g. colorectal test, for assessment of prognosis and/or prediction of patient response to chemotherapy, using expression analysis. The present invention accommodates the use of archived paraffin embedded biopsy material for assay of all markers in the relevant gene sets and therefore is compatible with the most widely available type of biopsy material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antibodies that immunospecifically bind to FAS and certain FAS related proteins. The invention encompasses human and humanized forms of the antibodies and their use in treating cancers and other proliferative disorders. The invention also relates to FAS-derived peptides useful for preparing the antibodies. Methods and compositions for detecting, diagnosing, treating or ameliorating a disease or disorder, especially cancer and other proliferative disorders using the present antibodies also are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and kits for determining if one or more animals have mastitis and for monitoring animals and the quality of the milk they produce are disclosed. Kits and test assays disclosed are used to determine the quantity of proteasomes and proteins thereof, the activity of proteasome enzymes, the quantity of proteasome bound and regulating proteins, and the quantity of ubiquinated protein. Components and reagents for use in the kits and assays are also disclosed.