Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted indazole compounds which modulate the activity of protein kinases and are therefore useful in treating diseases caused by degulated protein kinase activity, like cancer. The present invention also provides methods for preparing these compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of treating diseases utilizing such these compounds or the pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: The present invention provides 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds that inhibit the IgE and/or IgG receptor signaling cascades that lead to the release of chemical mediators, intermediates and methods of synthesizing the compounds and methods of using the compounds in a variety of contexts, including in the treatment and prevention of diseases characterized by, caused by or associated with the release of chemical mediators via degranulation and other processes effected by activation of the IgE and/or IgG receptor signaling cascades.

Abstract: Radiolabeled glutaminylcyclase (QC) inhibitors as imaging agents, in particular, but not exclusively, as medical imaging agents for the detection of neurological disorders; and pharmaceutical compositions, methods and kits for detecting neurological disorders, using the radiolabeled inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the enzymatic decarboxylation of malonic acid (propanedioic acid) derivatives catalyzed by enzymes structurally and/or functionally related to arylmalonate decarboxylase (AMDase) as isolated from microorganisms of the genus Bordetella. The present invention also relates to novel enzymes with a decarboxylase activity, useful for performing the claimed method, mutants thereof, corresponding coding sequences and expression systems, methods of preparing said novel enzymes, and screening methods for obtaining further suitable enzymes also having said decarboxylase activity.

Abstract: A method for detecting the interactions of biomaterials by screening a prey that interacts with a bait includes preparing a cell which expresses a first construct including a translocation module, a first labeling material, and a first medium, and a third construct including a prey and a second labeling material; introducing a second construct into the prepared cell, the second construct including a bait and a second medium binding with the first medium; allowing the prey and the bait to interact each other; and confirming the interaction between the prey and the bait by detecting intracellular distributions of the first construct and the third construct.

Abstract: The present invention discloses functional nitrite reductase as a potential drug target for anti-tubercular drug development. The present invention also relates to the development of an easy method for identification of nitrite in clinical samples as well as its correlation with the severity of the disease. Presence of active as well as dormant/latent stages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) could be identified from nitrite in clinical samples like sputum of potential TB patients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds useful as inhibitors of ATR protein kinase. The invention also relates to pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of this invention; methods of treating of various diseases, disorders, and conditions using the compounds of this invention; processes for preparing the compounds of this invention; intermediates for the preparation of the compounds of this invention; and methods of using the compounds in in vitro applications, such as the study of kinases in biological and pathological phenomena; the study of intracellular signal transduction pathways mediated by such kinases; and the comparative evaluation of new kinase inhibitors. The compounds of this invention have formula I: wherein the variables are as defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds useful as inhibitors of ATR protein kinase. The invention also relates to pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of this invention; methods of treating of various diseases, disorders, and conditions using the compounds of this invention; processes for preparing the compounds of this invention; intermediates for the preparation of the compounds of this invention; solid forms of the compounds of this invention; and methods of using the compounds in in vitro applications, such as the study of kinases in biological and pathological phenomena; the study of intracellular signal transduction pathways mediated by such kinases; and the comparative evaluation of new kinase inhibitors. The compounds of this invention have formula I-1: wherein the variables are as defined herein. Additionally, the compounds of this invention have formula II: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the variables are as defined herein.

Abstract: Described herein is a method and a device for expediting delivery of an agent to a damaged bacterial cell. In one embodiment, the methods and devices are useful for screening candidate antibiotics. In another embodiment, the methods and devices described herein are used to determine susceptibility of bacteria to an antibiotic. The methods also provide a method for determining an appropriate antibiotic to treat an individual having a bacterial infection.

Abstract: A method of treating a disease or condition in which up-regulating GAGs is therapeutically beneficial is disclosed, in particular osteoarthritis and skin diseases. The method comprises locally administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent capable of down-regulating activity or expression of a component of the renin-angiotensin system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to human Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) and JAK3-like binding pockets. The present invention provides a computer comprising a data storage medium encoded with the structure coordinates of such binding pockets. This invention also relates to methods of using the structure coordinates to solve the structure of homologous proteins or protein complexes. In addition, this invention relates to methods of using the structure coordinates to screen for and design compounds, including inhibitory compounds, that bind to JAK3 protein or JAK3 protein homologues, or complexes thereof. The invention also relates to crystallizable compositions and crystals comprising JAK3 kinase domain and JAK3 kinase domain complexes with AMP-PNP.

Abstract: The present invention provides an assay for the identification of agents which can modulate TOR-mediated phosphorylation of substrate proteins. The assays of the invention utilize substrate proteins whose amino acid sequence contains the Ser/Thr motif recognized by TOR. Naturally occurring TOR which may be used in the methods of the invention include TOR isolated from a variety of species, particularly mammalian tissues.

Abstract: Short peptides having biological and therapeutic activity are disclosed. Specifically, the activity of the disclosed peptides is directed to reducing or protecting against mutagen-induced cellular/tissue toxicity (i.e., chemopreventive). For example, the disclosed peptides protect against skin toxicity and/or mutagenesis that occurs from ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. The disclosed peptides also block the activation of certain cell cycle regulatory proteins such as Chk2. An example of such a peptide is Ser-Leu-Tyr-Gln-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 10). The disclosed peptides are also useful for methods of reducing or protecting against cellular toxicity and mutation accumulation that would otherwise occur following mutagen exposure. One such method is drawn to applying a peptide to the skin to prevent or reduce mutagenic damage resulting from UV light (e.g., sunlight) exposure.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of preventing or treating a condition associated with DNA damage in an animal comprising the administration of a substance that interferes with the activity of the CUL4A ubiquitin ligase. The invention also provides a substance that interferes with the activity of CUL4A, as well as compositions comprising the interfering substance and a carrier. The substance of the invention preferably enhances nucleotide excision repair activity in an animal. The invention further provides methods of identifying substances that negatively or positively modulate the expression and/or activity of CUL4A.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for native potato protein isolation, to native potato protein isolates, to the use thereof, and to a food product comprising a native potato protein isolate. The invention provides a novel isolation process for obtaining highly pure native potato protein isolates having a glycoalkaloid concentration of less than 150 ppm.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for determining a putative antibacterial, the methods comprising determining whether the putative antibacterial inhibits GlgE or Rv3032. The present invention also provides the antibacterial, the pharmaceutical composition and the method of making the antibacterial as well as a method of treating a subject infected with a bacterial comprising administration of the antibacterial.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment may be directed to a fluorescence polarization assay that screens compounds or agents for their affinity to hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (H-PGDS) based on their ability to displace a fluorophore-containing detection analyte bound to an enzyme comprising the primary amino acid sequence of H-PGDS. Another exemplary embodiment utilizes an enzyme having a maltose binding protein amino-acid sequence fused with an N-terminus of the enzyme.

Abstract: A protein kinase C inhibitor that binds ?-amyloid and its peptide derivatives with the same function are disclosed. These may be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, for example as pseudo vaccines comprising antibodies, or as part of fusion proteins which are able to pass through cell membranes or through the blood-brain barrier. Methods of using the PKC inhibitor and its peptide derivatives for treating Alzheimer's disease are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for predicting, diagnosing or monitoring acute cardiac disorders, cardiac transplant rejection, or distinguishing acute cardiac disorders from pulmonary disorders, by measuring BNP signal peptide levels in a sample taken from a subject shortly after onset of, or presentation with the disorder or transplant rejection.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a convenient and low-cost method for detection of a wide variety of compounds interacting with a target molecule located on a cell membrane, using a living cell without need of separating the cell membrane or the like from the cell. The present invention also aims to provide a kit for carrying out the method of the present invention. The method for detection of the compound interacting with the molecule located on the cell membrane in the present invention comprises steps of, allowing a compound having a moiety capable of binding selectively to the molecule located on the cell membrane and a radicalization-promoting moiety, to act on the cell; further allowing a compound having a group capable of being radicalized by the radicalization-promoting moiety and a labeling group, to act on the cell; and identifying the interacting compound bound by the compound radicalized by the radicalization-promoting moiety.

Abstract: A method for the multiplexed diagnostic and genetic analysis of enzymes, DNA fragments, antibodies, and other biomolecules comprises the steps of constructing an appropriately labeled beadset, exposing the beadset to a clinical sample, and analyzing the combined sample/beadset by flow cytometry. Flow cytometric measurements are used to classify, in real-time, beads within an exposed beadset and textual explanations, based on the accumulated data obtained during real-time analysis, are generated for the user. A secondary reagent, such as a metal or magnetic particle, is added to the beadset to assist in the analysis. Detection techniques, such as such as light scatter, Rayleigh scatter, Raman scatter, surface plasmon resonance, magnetic induction, or magnetoresistance are used to detect the particle labels.

Abstract: Protoporphyrinogen oxidase having an activity of imparting acifluorfen resistance and gene thereof are provided. Cyanobacterium protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene is identified by introducing a protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene of Arabidopsis into cyanobacterium, disrupting a cyanobacterium gene with a transposon, selecting a mutant strain in which protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene is disrupted, identifying the disrupted protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene, and isolating the disrupted protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene. This procedure is effective as a gene isolation technique when a protein derived from other organism species that is homologous to a known protein (e.g., protoporphyrinogen oxidase from cyanobacterium) can not be found in a gene database of the other species.

Abstract: A system and method for identifying a botulinum neurotoxin inhibitor employing a botulinum neurotoxin substrate complex having a peptide substrate, preferably SNAP-25, a reporter domain on one side of said peptide substrate and an immobilization domain on the opposite side of said peptide substrate. The botulinum neurotoxin inhibitor is identified by its ability to decrease the relative amount of cleaved complex, detected through measuring a decrease in complex bound to a solid support. The method of the present invention also utilizes novel cells that express a botulinum neurotoxin substrate complex. The methods of the present invention are adapted for cell based screening to monitor the catalytic activity of a BoNT in living cells and to identify molecules that inhibit the catalytic activity of a BoNT in living cells.

Abstract: The teachings relates to the three-dimensional structure of a crystal of a cytochrome protein complexed with a ligand. The three-dimensional structure of four cytochrome P450 2A6-ligand complexes are disclosed. Cytochrome P450 2A6-ligand crystal structures, wherein the ligand is an inhibitor molecule, are useful for providing structural information that may be integrated into drug screening and drug design processes. Thus, the teachings also relate to methods for utilizing a crystal structure of a cytochrome P450 2A6-ligand complex for identifying, designing, selecting, or testing inhibitors of the cytochrome protein. Such inhibitors are useful as therapeutics for the treatment or modulation of i) diseases; ii) disease symptoms; or iii) the effect of other physiological events mediated by the cytochrome.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a sensor chip for screening a topoisomerase inhibitor and a screening method thereof. The sensor chip comprises topoisomerase I and a biochip. The topoisomerase I is immobilized on the biochip, and the topoisomerase I has DNA catalytic activity. This provides a rapid screening method for topoisomerase I inhibitors.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a compound inhibiting the activity of a protein having an amino acid sequence which is the same or substantially the same as one of the amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62 and so on, or its salt; a compound inhibiting the expression of a gene of the above protein; an antisense nucleotide containing a base sequence which is complementary or substantially complementary to the base sequence of a DNA encoding the above protein or its partial peptide or a part of the base sequence; an antibody against the above protein or its partial peptide; and so on. The above compound, antisense nucleotide, antibody and so on are usable as a prophylactic/therapeutic agent for respiratory diseases, etc.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for generating mixtures of product molecules from an initial chemical array are provided. In the subject methods, a chemical array of surface immobilized first moieties is subjected to cleavage conditions such that a composition of solution phase first moieties is produced. The resultant composition of solution phase first moieties is then contacted with one or more reactants to produce a mixture of product molecules that are different from the first moieties. Also provided are the arrays employed in the subject methods and kits for practicing the subject methods.

Abstract: The invention comprises for methods of identifying pharmacophores based on the spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) protein or fragment thereof. The invention further provides methods of identifying SYK inhibitors using pharmacophores that are identified from co-crystals of SYK and its ligands. Further, the invention comprises methods of inhibiting SYK comprising contacting the residues lining the binding site with an inhibitor compound identified from pharmacophores.

Abstract: The teachings relates to the three-dimensional structure of a crystal of a cytochrome protein complexed with a ligand. The three-dimensional structure of four cytochrome P450 2A6-ligand complexes are disclosed. Cytochrome P450 2A6-ligand crystal structures, wherein the ligand is an inhibitor molecule, are useful for providing structural information that may be integrated into drug screening and drug design processes. Thus, the teachings also relate to methods for utilizing a crystal structure of a cytochrome P450 2A6-ligand complex for identifying, designing, selecting, or testing inhibitors of the cytochrome protein. Such inhibitors are useful as therapeutics for the treatment or modulation of i) diseases; ii) disease symptoms; or iii) the effect of other physiological events mediated by the cytochrome.

Abstract: The present invention relates to serine hydroxymethyltransferase (E.C. 2.1.2.1) as novel target for herbicides, and to nucleic acid sequences encoding a polypeptide with the biological activity of a serine hydroxymethyltransferase, which, when not present, bring about growth retardation symptoms and chlorotic leaves, comprising the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID No:3, and functional equivalents of the abovementioned nucleic acid sequence or the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO:7 and functional equivalents of the abovementioned nucleic acid sequence. Moreover, the present invention relates to the use of the abovementioned nucleic acid sequences, of functional analogs of the SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:7 or of polypeptides encoded by one of the abovementioned nucleic acid sequences in a method for identifying herbicidally active compounds which inhibit serine hydroxymethyltransferases, and to the use of these compounds which have been identified by the method as herbicides.

Abstract: The present invention related to a method for crystallizing a CMY-10 being a ?-lactamase with extended-substrate spectrum, a crystal of CMY-10, and a crystal structure of CMY-10. With utilization of three-dimensional structure of CMY-10 protein provided by the present invention, it is possible to develop novel antibiotics or inhibitors that can prevent an emergence of resistance bacteria appeared by plasmidic class C ?-lactamases having extended-substrate specificity.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in part, NPC1L1 from various species. Methods of using the NPC1L1 polypeptides and polynucleotide set forth herein, e.g., in screening assays, are also set forth.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of preventing or treating a condition associated with DNA damage in an animal comprising the administration of a substance that interferes with the activity of the CUL4A ubiquitin ligase. The invention also provides a substance that interferes with the activity of CUL4A, as well as compositions comprising the interfering substance and a carrier. The substance of the invention preferably enhances nucleotide excision repair activity in an animal. The invention further provides methods of identifying substances that negatively or positively modulate the expression and/or activity of CUL4A.

Abstract: Compounds can be used to act as inhibitors of enzymes having histone deacetylase activity for the medical therapy of conditions which predispose a person for the development of a disease, such as but not limited to cancer, inflammatory or metabolic diseases. Such conditions are linked to genetically inherited mutations of crucial genes which predispose a person with this condition to develop the disease phenotype. Thus, such compounds can be used for a suppressive therapeutic approach—the SUPPRESSION THERAPY—in order to inhibit or delay the onset or progression of the genetically predisposed disorder. Furthermore, a clinically used medicament can be manufactured for the SUPPRESSION THERAPY of such inherited predisposing conditions.

Abstract: A crystalline structure of glutaminyl cyclase (QC) is described. Also described are the methods of preparing the crystalline structure of QC and the methods for identifying candidate inhibitors of QC. In addition, a structural basis for the rational design or identification of new inhibitors that may be used to treat QC-associated disorders is also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The formula I compounds inhibit tyrosine kinase activity of growth factor receptors such as HER1, HER2 and HER4 thereby making them useful as antiproliferative agents. The formula I compounds are also useful for the treatment of other diseases associated with signal transduction pathways operating through growth factor receptors.

Abstract: The invention provides a human PRCP which is associated with the cardiovascular diseases, hematological diseases, neurological diseases and cancer. The invention also provides assays for the identification of compounds useful in the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular diseases, hematological diseases, neurological diseases and cancer. The invention also features compounds which bind to and/or activate or inhibit the activity of PRCP as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds.

Abstract: The use of screening assays based on the role of human stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (“hSCD1”) in human diseases, disorders or conditions relating to serum levels of triglyceride, VLDL, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, or production of secretions from mucous membranes, monounsaturated fatty acids, wax esters, and the like, is disclosed. Also disclosed are conventions useful in the prevention and/or treatment of such diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to storable medicaments produced from pharmaceutical active ingredient preparations which are virus safe. Said medicaments contain at least one intact therapeutic protein obtained from plasma or by means of genetic engineering, as an active pharmaceutical substance. Said active ingredient preparations contain active enzymes, especially proteases, which are either free or bound to the substrates thereof and act against the therapeutic protein(s) present.

Abstract: The use of screening assays based on the role of human stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (“hSCD1”) in human diseases, disorders or conditions relating to serum levels of triglyceride, VLDL, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, or production of secretions from mucous membranes, monounsaturated fatty acids, wax esters, and the like, is disclosed. Also disclosed are conventions useful in the prevention and/or treatment of such diseases.

Abstract: Modulation of cytochrome c acetylation, e.g., with a SIR polypeptide, enables interventions that modulate lifespan regulation and cell proliferation, e.g., by modulating apoptosis and/or mitochondrial function such as respiration.

Abstract: The use of screening assays based on the role of human stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (“hSCD1”) in human diseases, disorders or conditions relating to serum levels of triglyceride, VLDL, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, or production of secretions from mucous membranes, monounsaturated fatty acids, wax esters, and the like, is disclosed. Also disclosed are conventions useful in the prevention and/or treatment of such diseases.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of identifying an Eg5 binding ligand. The ligand is identified by using the atomic coordinates of an Eg5 crystal to generate a three dimensional structure. The three dimensional structure is used in molecular modeling techniques and docking experiments to identify ligands that bind to the binding pocket of Eg5. A novel binding pocket is identified. The invention also provides a crystallized Eg5 and ligand complex.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided which inhibit the apoptotic activity associated with oxidative stress in many disease states. According to the invention, inhibition of chemical cleavage of PKC? by caspase-3 results in reduction of apoptosis. Novel peptide inhibitors with the amino acid motif Asp Ile Pro Asp (SEQ ID NO:5) are also disclosed. The peptides are useful as inhibitors of PKC?-mediated apoptosis and oxidative stress, and other diseases regulated by a catalytically active PKC?.

Abstract: A system and method for identifying a botulinum neurotoxin inhibitor employing a botulinum neurotoxin substrate complex having a peptide substrate, preferably SNAP-25, a reporter domain on one side of said peptide substrate and an immobilization domain on the opposite side of said peptide substrate. The botulinum neurotoxin inhibitor is identified by its ability to decrease the relative amount of cleaved complex, detected through measuring a decrease in complex bound to a solid support. The method of the present invention also utilizes novel cells that express a botulinum neurotoxin substrate complex. The methods of the present invention are adapted for cell based screening to monitor the catalytic activity of a BoNT in living cells and to identify molecules that inhibit the catalytic activity of a BoNT in living cells.

Abstract: An antiviral agent comprising an altered MAB1, MAB2, MAB3, or OLE1 gene, gene homologs or related genes is disclosed. In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of creating a virus resistant organism comprising creating a transgenic organism comprising an antiviral agent selected from the group of altered MAB1 genes, MAB2 genes, MAB3 genes or OLE1 genes, homologs of these genes, related genes and combinations of these genes and homologs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for identifying fungicides and also inhibitors of the 20S and 26S proteasomes, to methods for isolating 20S proteasomes, to the use of 20S proteasomes for identifying fungicides and to the use of the inhibitors of 26S and/or 20S proteasomes as fungicides.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel methods and compositions for the detection of analytes using the nuclear reorganization energy, ?, of an electron transfer process.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for modulating angiogenesis in a subject. The methods of modulating angiogenesis in a subject include administering to the subject a modulator of N-terminal arginylation activity. The invention also provides a method of identifying such a modulator and a method of in vitro screening for modulators of N-terminal arginylation activity. Additionally, the invention provides a method of treating an angiogenesis-related disorder.

Abstract: The invention is a procedure for measuring the binding of an entity (ligand) to a surface by using a hapten-conjugated version of the ligand (hapten-ligand). An excess of the hapten-ligand is presented to the binding surface and excess (unbound) hapten-ligand is washed off. Bound hapten-ligand is then solubilized (removed) and applied to a membrane support or separated by electrophoresis and applied to a membrane support. Known amounts of hapten-ligand are similarly applied to the membrane, to provide for hapten-ligand standards. The membrane-bound hapten-ligand is detected by application of an enzyme-conjugated antibody to the hapten; or by application of an antibody to the hapten followed by application of an enzyme-conjugated antibody to the anti-hapten antibody. The resultant membrane-associated enzyme is detected and quantitated by the application of a color or light-producing substrate which reacts with the enzyme.