Optical Sensing Apparatus Patents (Class 435/808)
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Patent number: 7691648Abstract: Magnetic particles with a metal coat holding target substance captors are made to react with a target substance contained in a specimen in a solution where the magnetic particles are dispersed in a liquid medium. Subsequently, the dispersion of the magnetic particles is applied to a surface having a periodic structure that is adapted to generate plasmon resonance and a change in the plasmon resonance attributable to the concentration of the target substance held on the magnetic particles fixed magnetically to the surface is optically detected to determine the concentration of the target substance in the specimen.Type: GrantFiled: May 19, 2008Date of Patent: April 6, 2010Assignee: Canon Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Satoru Nishiuma, Norihiko Utsunomiya, Takashi Ikeda
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Patent number: 7651869Abstract: Optical assay apparatus and methods are provided having an optical assay cup for detecting analytes in a sample fluid. The cup's sidewall may include an optical waveguide having a detection coating on its inner surface. During use, the waveguide receives evanescent or darkfield interrogation light, interrogates at least part of cup's interior volume with it, and emits signal light as a function of the analytes. The detection coating may have fluid or non-fluid detection layers, at least part of which may form at least part of a waveguide for the interrogation light. The cup may be spun during use, such as to centrifugally-concentrate any high-density analytes towards cup's sidewall. The assay apparatus may further include an interrogation light source, a cover or spinning apparatus for the cup, and an optical detector for the signal light.Type: GrantFiled: March 14, 2006Date of Patent: January 26, 2010Assignee: Research International, Inc.Inventors: Elric W. Saaski, David A. McCrae
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Patent number: 7645612Abstract: The invention is related to different embodiments of a kit for the simultaneous qualitative and/or quantitative determination of a multitude of analytes comprising a sensor platform comprising an optical thin-film waveguide with a layer (a) transparent at least at an excitation wavelength on a layer (b) with lower refractive index than layer (a), also transparent at least at said excitation wavelength, and at least one grating structure (c) modulated in said layer (a), for the incoupling of said excitation light into layer (a), at least one array of biological or biochemical or synthetic recognition elements immobilized in discrete measurement areas (d) directly or by means of an adhesion-promoting layer on layer (a), for specific recognition and/or binding of said analytes and/or for specific interaction with said analytes, means for laterally resolved referencing of the excitation light intensity available in the measurement areas, and optionally means for the calibration of one or more luminescences genType: GrantFiled: April 4, 2008Date of Patent: January 12, 2010Assignee: Bayer Technology Services GmbHInventors: Michael Pawlak, Eginhard Schick, Andreas Peter Abel, Gert Ludwig Duveneck, Markus Ehrat, Gerhard Matthias Kresbach, Eveline Schürmann-Mader, Martin Andreas Bopp
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Patent number: 7635588Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for differentiating multiple detectable signals by excitation wavelength. The apparatus can include a light source that can emit respective excitation light wavelengths or wavelength ranges towards a sample in a sample retaining region, for example, in a well. The sample can contain two or more detectable markers, for example, fluorescent dyes, each of which can be capable of generating increased detectable emissions when excited in the presence of a target component. The detectable markers can have excitation wavelength ranges and/or emission wavelength ranges that overlap with the ranges of the other detectable markers. A detector can be arranged for detecting an emission wavelength or wavelength range emitted from a first marker within the overlapping wavelength range of at least one of the other markers.Type: GrantFiled: May 19, 2003Date of Patent: December 22, 2009Assignee: Applied Biosystems, LLCInventors: Howard G. King, Steven J. Boege, Eugene F. Young, Mark F. Oldham
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Patent number: 7622294Abstract: A microsphere-based analytic chemistry system and method for making the same is disclosed in which microspheres or particles carrying bioactive agents may be combined randomly or in ordered fashion and dispersed on a substrate to form an array while maintaining the ability to identify the location of bioactive agents and particles within the array using an optically interrogatable, optical signature encoding scheme. A wide variety of modified substrates may be employed which provide either discrete or non-discrete sites for accommodating the microspheres in either random or patterned distributions. The substrates may be constructed from a variety of materials to form either two-dimensional or three-dimensional configurations. In a preferred embodiment, a modified fiber optic bundle or array is employed as a substrate to produce a high density array. The disclosed system and method have utility for detecting target analytes and screening large libraries of bioactive agents.Type: GrantFiled: August 17, 2004Date of Patent: November 24, 2009Assignee: Trustees of Tufts CollegeInventors: David R. Walt, Karri Lynn Ballard
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Patent number: 7615339Abstract: The invention provides methods for fabricating calorimetric resonant reflection biosensors.Type: GrantFiled: July 13, 2006Date of Patent: November 10, 2009Assignee: SRU Biosystems, Inc.Inventors: Brian T. Cunningham, Jean Qiu
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Patent number: 7611905Abstract: A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay apparatus has an assay stage, which is loadable with a sensor unit. The sensor unit has a prism, thin film, flow cell and flow channel for flow of sample. A multiple pipette assembly accesses the flow channel in the assay stage, and introduces the sample into the flow channel. A light source applies illuminating light to the thin film to satisfy a total reflection condition. A photo detector receives the illuminating light reflected by the thin film to output a signal. A pressing mechanism presses the sensor unit on the assay stage for holding in a direction of the access of the pipette assembly. The pressing mechanism includes a movable pad for contacting the sensor unit. A slider moves the pad to press the sensor unit. A spring plunger adjusts pressure of the pad to the sensor unit.Type: GrantFiled: May 19, 2006Date of Patent: November 3, 2009Assignee: FUJIFILM CorporationInventors: Yoshiyuki Kunuki, Katsuaki Muraishi
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Patent number: 7608463Abstract: An optical assay apparatus having an optical filter, an optical sensor with a light ray redirection portion and an assay sensing portion, and a filter to block certain wavelengths of excitation light rays and to pass certain wavelengths of signal recovery light rays from the optical sensor. A method for performing an assay that includes providing at least one assay station, moving the optical sensor into position over a respective fluid in at least one assay station, immersing the assay sensing portion in the respective fluid, and removing the assay sensing portion from the respective fluid.Type: GrantFiled: July 10, 2007Date of Patent: October 27, 2009Assignee: Research International, Inc.Inventor: Elric W. Saaski
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Patent number: 7604985Abstract: A system and method for detecting a pathogen in a sample is provided, the system capable of measuring the volume of a sample in a container through the use of various measurement technologies, thereby ensuring that a user is aware of volumes not meeting specification and/or allowing correction of results to account for the out-of-specification sample.Type: GrantFiled: November 8, 2005Date of Patent: October 20, 2009Assignee: Becton, Dickinson and CompanyInventors: Nicholas R. Bachur, Jr., Timothy G. Foley, Jr.
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Patent number: 7582473Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing bacteria is described that includes an analyte sample preparing section for preparing an analyte sample from a specimen; a detector for detecting optical information from each particle in the analyte sample; and a controller for detecting non-fermentative bacteria on the basis of the detected optical information. A method for analyzing bacteria is also described.Type: GrantFiled: August 19, 2004Date of Patent: September 1, 2009Assignee: Sysmex CorporationInventor: Yasuyuki Kawashima
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Patent number: 7575939Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for detecting biomolecular interactions. The use of labels is not required and the methods can be performed in a high-throughput manner. The invention also provides optical devices useful as narrow band filters.Type: GrantFiled: May 5, 2005Date of Patent: August 18, 2009Assignee: SRU Biosystems, Inc.Inventors: Brian T. Cunningham, Jane Pepper, Bo Lin, Peter Li, Homer Pien, Jean Qiu
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Patent number: 7563623Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a biosensor on which a large amount of protein can be immobilized and nonspecific adsorption is less likely to occur with the use of a SAM compound having high water solubility and good performance in terms of supply. The present invention provides a biosensor comprising a substrate on which a hydrophilic polymer having a reactive group capable of binding to a physiologically active substance is immobilized via a compound represented by the following formula (1), said compound at a concentration of 1 mM being dissolved in water at 25° C.: X-L-Y??(1) wherein X represents a group capable of binding to metal, L represents a linking group, and Y represents a functional group to which the hydrophilic polymer is bound.Type: GrantFiled: February 21, 2007Date of Patent: July 21, 2009Assignee: FUJIFILM CorporationInventors: Toshihide Ezoe, Taisei Nishimi, Yukou Saito
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Patent number: 7544504Abstract: The present invention relates to novel methods for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Specifically, the present invention relates to novel non-invasive methods for the detection of the presence or absence of a Helicobacter pylori antigen or a metabolite produced by the bacterium in a biological sample with a biosensor-based measurement. The present invention also related to the use of a biosensor containing specific antibodies against H. pylori or antigen-binding fragments thereof immobilized thereto together with biomolecule-repellent polymers preventing the non-specific binding. The invention also relates to test kits useful in the methods.Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 2002Date of Patent: June 9, 2009Assignee: Bionavis Ltd.Inventors: Vesa Kleimola, Erkki Eerola, Markku Viander
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Patent number: 7534624Abstract: A sensor unit for assay in utilizing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) includes a dielectric prism. Metal film has a light entrance surface fitted on the prism, and a sensing surface reverse to the light entrance surface. The sensing surface is adapted to causing interaction between ligand of ligand liquid and analyte liquid. An optical assay unit includes a light source, optical system and photo detector. A flow channel includes the sensing surface positioned inside. In an immobilizing stage, the ligand is immobilized on the sensing surface by introducing the ligand liquid to the flow channel. Evaporation retardant is introduced to the flow channel, and prevents drying of the ligand. The evaporation retardant is removed from the flow channel after transfer of the sensor unit from the immobilizing stage to an assay stage. The analyte liquid is introduced to the flow channel, to assay the interaction.Type: GrantFiled: September 21, 2005Date of Patent: May 19, 2009Assignee: FUJIFILM CorporationInventor: Katsuaki Muraishi
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Patent number: 7534576Abstract: A Method for identifying one or a small number of molecules, especially in a dilution of ?1 ?M, using laser excited FCS with measuring times ?500 ms and short diffusion paths of the molecules to be analyzed, wherein the measurement is performed in small volume units of preferably ?10?14 l, by determining material-specific parameters which are determined by luminescence measurements of molecules to be examined. The device which can be preferably used for performing the method according to the invention is a per se known system of microscope optics for laser focusing for fluorescence excitation in a small measuring compartment of a very diluted solution and for imaging the emitted light in the subsequent measurement through confocal imaging wherein at least one system of optics with high numerical aperture of preferably ?1.2 N.A.Type: GrantFiled: April 4, 2007Date of Patent: May 19, 2009Assignee: Olympus CorporationInventors: Rudolf Rigler, Manfred Eigen, Karsten Henco, Ulo Mets, Jerker Widengren, Michael Stuke, Michael Brinkmeyer, Wolfgang Simm, Olaf Lehman
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Patent number: 7534578Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods for detecting biomolecular interactions. The detection can occur without the use of labels and can be done in a high-throughput manner. The invention further relates to self-referencing colorimetric resonant optical biosensors and optical devices.Type: GrantFiled: November 20, 2007Date of Patent: May 19, 2009Assignee: SRU Biosystems, Inc.Inventors: Cheryl Baird, Brian T. Cunningham, Peter Li
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Patent number: 7531349Abstract: A standoff bioagent-detection apparatus and method use a direct ultraviolet source to detect bioagents. In some embodiments, a standoff bioagent-detection apparatus and method use laser-induced fluorescence to determine the presence of a biological agent having an aromatic-protein shell, such as Tryptophan. In some embodiments, multi-wavelength differential laser-induced fluorescence helps reduce false alarm caused by naturally occurring interferants. In some embodiments, a full range of ultraviolet wavelengths is initially simultaneously generated to fluoresce Tryptophan to determine if an ambient level is excessive. When the ambient level is excessive, individual ultraviolet wavelengths may be generated in differential pairs and the detected fluorescence levels may be correlated with atmospheric absorption levels for Tryptophan to determine if a bioagent is highly likely to be present.Type: GrantFiled: January 13, 2004Date of Patent: May 12, 2009Assignee: Raytheon CompanyInventors: James G. Shepard, Kalin Spariosu
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Patent number: 7517660Abstract: A device for detecting the presence of an antigen including (1) a cell having antibodies which are expressed on the surface of the cell and are specific for the antigen to be detected, where binding of the antigen to the antibodies results in an increase in calcium concentration in the cytosol of the cell, the cell further having a emitter molecule which, in response to the increased calcium concentration in the cytosol, emits a photon; (2) a liquid medium for receiving the antigen and in which the cell is immersed; and (3) an optical detector arranged for receiving the photon emitted from the cell.Type: GrantFiled: June 19, 2006Date of Patent: April 14, 2009Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Todd H. Rider, Laura Bortolin
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Patent number: 7517656Abstract: Methods and devices for the measurement of molecular binding interactions. Preferred embodiments provide real-time measurements of kinetic binding and disassociation of molecules including binding and disassociation of protein molecules with other protein molecules and with other molecules. In preferred embodiments ligands are immobilized within pores of a porous silicon interaction region produced in a silicon substrate, after which analytes suspended in a fluid are flowed over the porous silicon region. Binding reactions occur when analyte molecules diffuse closely enough to the ligands to become bound. Preferably the binding and subsequent disassociation reactions are observed utilizing a white light source and thin film interference techniques with spectrometers arranged to detect changes in indices of refraction in the region where the binding and disassociation reactions occur.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 2003Date of Patent: April 14, 2009Assignee: Trex Enterprises Corp.Inventors: Peter Martin, Keiki-Pua Dancil, Arthur Lee Morsell, Hus Tigli
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Patent number: 7510882Abstract: In a method for analysis biomolecules (3) attached to a solid surface of a substrate (1) are used for detecting the presence of analytes (4) in a sample by binding of the analytes to the biomolecules. The biomolecules (3) are attached directly to the surface of the substrate together with biomolecule-repellent molecules (5), which cover the surface between the biomolecules (3) to prevent nonspecific binding of analytes (4) and other biomolecules. The invention relates also to a biosensor where biomolecules (3) are attached directly to the substrate (1) together with biomolecule-repellent molecules (5), which cover the surface between the biomolecules (3) to prevent non-specific binding of analytes (4) and other biomolecules. The biomolecules (5) can be self-assembled hydrophilic polymers. One example of using the invention is immunological analysis using surface plasmon resonance (SPR).Type: GrantFiled: April 16, 2007Date of Patent: March 31, 2009Assignee: Bionavis Ltd.Inventors: Inger Vikholm, Janusz Sadowski
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Patent number: 7507579Abstract: The present invention provides a variety of microscale bioreactors (microfermentors) and microscale bioreactor arrays for use in culturing cells. The microfermentors include a vessel for culturing cells and means for providing oxygen to the interior of the vessel at a concentration sufficient to support cell growth, e.g., growth of bacterial cells. Depending on the embodiment, the microfermentor vessel may have various interior volumes less than approximately 1 ml. The microfermentors may include an aeration membrane and optionally a variety of sensing devices. The invention further provides a chamber to contain the microfermentors and microfermentor arrays and to provide environmental control. Certain of the microfermentors include a second chamber that may be used, e.g., to provide oxygen, nutrients, pH control, etc., to the culture vessel and/or to remove metabolites, etc. Various methods of using the microfermentors, e.g., to select optimum cell strains or bioprocess parameters are provided.Type: GrantFiled: April 1, 2004Date of Patent: March 24, 2009Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Paolo Boccazzi, Angela Y. Chen, Klavs F. Jensen, Nicolas Szita, Andrea Zanzotto, Zhiyu Zhang
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Patent number: 7498145Abstract: The method for measuring the concentration of the measuring object uses a sensor chip comprising an optical waveguide layer and an antibody immobilized layer formed on the surface of the optical waveguide layer, which comprises immobilizing the measuring object and an enzyme-labeled antibody labeled with a labeling enzyme on the antibody immobilized layer of the sensor chip having an immobilized antibody, producing a color-developing and precipitating enzyme reaction product by allowing to react a coloring reagent with the labeling enzyme on the antibody immobilized layer to precipitate the enzyme reaction product on the antibody immobilized layer, allowing to totally reflect a light impinged on the sensor chip from the outside at an interface between the optical waveguide layer and the antibody immobilized layer, and observing to a physical value of the totally reflected light.Type: GrantFiled: February 28, 2006Date of Patent: March 3, 2009Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaInventors: Kenichi Uchiyama, Kayoko Oomiya, Isao Kishimoto, Masami Hirata, Hideo Eto, Ichiro Tono, Ikuo Uematsu, Shingo Kasai, Tomohiro Takase, Tsutomu Honjoh, Masanori Sugitani
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Patent number: 7498164Abstract: An instrument is provided that can monitor nucleic acid sequence amplifications reactions, for example, PCR amplification of DNA and DNA fragments. The instrument includes a multi-notch filter disposed along one or both of an excitation beam path and an emission beam path. Methods are also provided for monitoring nucleic acid sequence amplifications using an instrument that includes a multi-notch filter disposed along a beam path.Type: GrantFiled: June 6, 2003Date of Patent: March 3, 2009Assignee: Applied Biosystems, LLCInventors: Mark F. Oldham, Eugene F. Young
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Patent number: 7485437Abstract: A device for detecting bacterial endospores in a sealed container. The device has a suction tube connected to an aerosol concentrator containing a lanthanide salt solution, a suction pump engaged to the aerosol concentrator, an excitation energy source and an optical set-up for directing the excitation energy source to the lanthanide salt solution and collecting photoluminescence generated by the excited lanthanide salt solution. A method for detecting bacterial endospores is also provided.Type: GrantFiled: November 15, 2002Date of Patent: February 3, 2009Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventors: David L. Rosen, Ronald E. Meyers
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Patent number: 7470549Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for simultaneously carrying out the detection or measurement of a substance interacting with a physiologically active substance immobilized on a biosensor and the analysis of the effects of the above substance on the biological activity of the physiologically active substance. The present invention provides a method using a biosensor formed by immobilizing a physiologically active substance on a substrate, wherein the detection and measurement of a substance interacting with said physiologically active substance and the measurement of the biological activity of said physiologically active substance are carried out on said single biosensor.Type: GrantFiled: May 26, 2005Date of Patent: December 30, 2008Assignee: FUJIFILM CorporationInventors: Masayoshi Yamamoto, Toshihide Ezoe, Nobuhiko Ogura, Katsumi Hayashi
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Patent number: 7465588Abstract: An assay apparatus is loaded with a sensor unit as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, which includes a transparent dielectric medium and thin film. A first surface of the thin film is a thin film/dielectric interface. Its sensing surface causes reaction of sample fluid. An optical assay unit assays reaction of the sample fluid by detecting illuminating light reflected by the interface. Measured data from the optical assay unit is compared with a reference parameter, to evaluate suitability of the measured data for analysis. If lack of the suitability is estimated in the evaluation, a succeeding density of the sample fluid to be used in a succeeding evaluating assay is determined according to the measured data with the estimated lack of the suitability. The sample fluid is prepared at the succeeding density by mixing with diluent fluid, and then is used for the succeeding evaluating assay.Type: GrantFiled: September 30, 2005Date of Patent: December 16, 2008Assignee: FUJIFILM CorporationInventors: Katsuaki Muraishi, Nobuhiko Ogura
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Patent number: 7447340Abstract: The invention relates to a device (10) and a method for automatically eliciting a thermal avoidance response in nematodes, particularly in order to test pharmaceutical substances. The device (10) has a bearing surface (12) on which sample containers (14) of nematodes (16) are disposed, a laser (18), a selective laser-beam interrupter (27) to regulate the length of the laser pulse, aft and a scanner (22) for projecting and focussing the laser beam and for controlling a deflection. A light source (28) illuminates the sample container (14) with light, which brings about a contrast in the nematodes in the container. An additional light source (29) can also illuminate the sample container (14) with light in order to excite fluorescence-labeled areas of the nematodes, causing them to fluoresce. A real-time image processing device connected to the camera (30) determines the respective positions of all areas relevant for laser irradiation of the nematodes and makes this information available to a controller (32).Type: GrantFiled: March 18, 2002Date of Patent: November 4, 2008Assignee: NemaGain Research, LLCInventors: Karlheinz Tovar, Gerhard Weidner, Evelyn Braungart
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Patent number: 7427501Abstract: A system and method employing infrared laser spectrography and dual wavelength modulation to monitor the concentration of a gas, such as oxygen or carbon dioxide, in the sample vial, or to monitor the pressure in the sample vial, to thus detect for microorganism growth in the sample vial. The system and method each employ an energy emitting device, such as an infrared laser, a detector and a signal analyzer, such as a spectroscopy device. The infrared laser emits toward the container infrared energy having a substantially single wavelength substantially equal to a wavelength at which the gas absorbs the infrared energy. The detector detects a portion of the energy signal that passes through the container, and the signal analyzer spectroscopically analyzes the detected portion of the energy signal to determine whether the gas exists in the container, or to determine the pressure in the container.Type: GrantFiled: June 26, 2001Date of Patent: September 23, 2008Assignee: Becton, Dickinson and CompanyInventors: Nicholas R. Bachur, Jr., Patrick S. Beaty, Timothy G. Foley
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Patent number: 7410793Abstract: An optical instrument is provided for simultaneously illuminating two or more spaced-apart reaction regions with excitation beams generated by a light source. The light source can include an area light array of light emitting diodes, one or more solid state lasers, one or more micro-wire lasers, or a combination thereof. According to various embodiments, a Fresnel lens can be disposed along a beam bath between the light source and the reaction regions. Methods of analysis using the optical instrument are also provided.Type: GrantFiled: May 19, 2003Date of Patent: August 12, 2008Assignee: Applera CorporationInventors: Steven J. Boege, Howard G. King, Eugene F. Young, Johannes P. Sluis, Mark F. Oldham
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Patent number: 7407796Abstract: A device and method allowing evaluation of the contents of a sealed primary container by means of an integral sensor which is separated from the contents of the sealed primary container yet provides information on quality of the contents of the primary container without breaking the sealed system. The integral sensor device includes a biosensor retained within a plastic construct by a gated-pore membrane. Pores in the membrane open in response to an environmental change in the primary container allowing the contents of the primary container to contact the biosensor. Status of the contents of the primary container can be determined by inspection of the biosensor, visually or via a fiberoptic probe, through the optical window of the plastic construct.Type: GrantFiled: May 6, 2004Date of Patent: August 5, 2008Assignee: The Penn State Research FoundationInventors: Roy H. Hammerstedt, Allen T. Phillips
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Patent number: 7407817Abstract: Disclosed is an optical sensing device including a source unit providing a beam of light with continuously modulated phase retardation between p- and s-polarization components of the light by employing a LCM; a reference unit receiving a first part of the light to provide a reference signal; a SPR sensing unit receiving a second part of the light to induce a phase retardation change between the p- and s-polarization components due to SPR associated with a sample; a probe unit receiving the light after SPR to provide a probe signal; and a detection unit connected to the reference unit and the probe unit to detect characteristics of the sample by comparing the reference signal with the probe signal. By using active phase modulation technologies and differential phase measurement, it is possible to fulfill chemical and biological detection.Type: GrantFiled: January 19, 2006Date of Patent: August 5, 2008Assignee: The Chinese University of Hong KongInventors: Ho Pui Ho, Shu Yuen Wu, Chinlon Lin, Siu Kai Kong
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Patent number: 7405054Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for amplifying the detection signal in surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based flow systems. The signal amplification methods comprise the use of well established marker systems that provide a precipitate. The marker systems include, for example, enzyme and nucleation systems. Enzymes suitable for use as a marker system include peroxidases and phosphatases. The amplification system is useful in any SPR-based detection system including microfluidic systems, e.g., “lab on a chip” systems and the like. The methods can comprise any SPR-based assay format, including typical immunoassay formats. The immunoassay formats can include competitive and sandwich assays. Analyte capture agents can include antibodies, lectins, carbohydrates, polynucleotides, receptor proteins, and the like.Type: GrantFiled: December 13, 2005Date of Patent: July 29, 2008Assignee: University of Washington UW Tech Transfer - Invention LicensingInventors: Melissa Hasenbank, Paul Yager, Elain Fu, Kjell Nelson
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Patent number: 7402805Abstract: A device and method of use for measurement of in-situ bioluminescence generally comprising an acoustical pulse generator, a detector chamber, a lens assembly and a photomultiplier tube. The generator comprises transducers which can generate acoustical energy in the object field of the device. The acoustical energy provides a stimulus of aquatic organisms within the object field (typically an aqueous volume) to produce the bioluminescence. The generator is positioned outside of the detector chamber and the photomultiplier tube and lens assembly are mounted within the chamber. The lens assembly restricts light to the photomultiplier tube of that bioluminescence light originating only from the volume. The photomultiplier tube detects the bioluminescence generated by any aquatic organisms in a captured volume or if a changing measurement occurs by water flow in the volume. The output of the photomultiplier tube is provided to a controller to be analyzed.Type: GrantFiled: August 22, 2005Date of Patent: July 22, 2008Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Matthew J. Savoie, Michael J. Forbes
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Patent number: 7402441Abstract: A method for the detection of an analyte in a fluid, comprising contacting the fluid with a holographic element comprising a medium and a hologram disposed throughout the volume of the medium, wherein an optical characteristic of the element changes as a result of a variation of a physical property occurring throughout the volume of the medium, wherein the variation arises as a result of interaction between the medium and the analyte, and wherein the reaction and the variation are reversible; and detecting any change of the optical characteristic.Type: GrantFiled: April 4, 2003Date of Patent: July 22, 2008Assignee: Smart Holograms LimitedInventors: Christopher Robin Lowe, Colin Alexander Bennett Davidson, Jeffrey Blyth, Satyamoorthy Kabilan, Alexander James Marshall, Blanca Madrigal Gonzalez, Anthony Peter James
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Patent number: 7402426Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting a biological molecule associated with enzyme activity in a sample. The invention is applicable to detecting a microorganism associated with an enzyme in a sample such as water, food, soil, or a biological sample. According to a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, a sample containing an enzyme of interest or a microorganism associated with the enzyme is combined with a suitable substrate, and a fluorescent product of the enzyme-substrate reaction is selectively detected. The fluorescent product is detected with a partitioning element or optical probe/partitioning element of the invention. In one embodiment the partitioning element provides for partitioning of only the fluorescent product molecule into the probe. The invention also provides an automated system for monitoring for biological contamination of water or other samples.Type: GrantFiled: September 22, 2003Date of Patent: July 22, 2008Assignee: Queen's University at KingstonInventors: R. Stephen Brown, Samir P. Tabash, Igor S. Kozin, Eric J. P. Marcotte, Arthur N. Ley, Kevin R. Hall, Moe Hussain, Peter V. Hodson, Parveen Akhtar, Raymond J. Bowers, Robin A. Wynne-Edwards, John G. St. Marseille
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Patent number: 7396675Abstract: The invention is related to different embodiments of a kit for the simultaneous qualitative and/or quantitative determination of a multitude of analytes comprising a sensor platform comprising an optical thin-film waveguide with a layer (a) transparent at least at an excitation wavelength on a layer (b) with lower refractive index than layer (a), also transparent at least at said excitation wavelength, and at least one grating structure (c) modulated in said layer (a), for the incoupling of said excitation light into layer (a), at least one array of biological or biochemical or synthetic recognition elements immobilized in discrete measurement areas (d) directly or by means of an adhesion-promoting layer on layer (a), for specific recognition and/or binding of said analytes and/or for specific interaction with said analytes, means for laterally resolved referencing of the excitation light intensity available in the measurement areas, and optionally means for the calibration of one or more luminescences genType: GrantFiled: May 25, 2001Date of Patent: July 8, 2008Assignee: Bayer Technology Services GmbHInventors: Michael Pawlak, Eginhard Schick, Andreas Peter Abel, Gert Ludwig Duveneck, Markus Ehrat, Gerhard Matthias Kresbach, Eveline Schürmann-Mader, Martin Andreas Bopp
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Patent number: 7396676Abstract: The invention in particular embodiments provides an evanescent wave sensor which includes a ligand bound to a sensor substrate via a NCYX linker moiety, as defined herein. Methods of making the subject evanescent wave sensors are also provided which include contacting a first reactive moiety which has an isocyanato (or isothiocyanato) moiety with a second reactive moiety which has an hydroxyl, thiol, or amino moiety, as further described herein. Also provided by the invention are methods in which a subject evanescent wave sensor is contacted with a sample, and binding of analytes in the sample to the sensor is assessed by evanescent wave detection. The invention also provides kits and systems for performing the subject methods.Type: GrantFiled: May 31, 2005Date of Patent: July 8, 2008Assignee: Agilent Technologies, Inc.Inventors: Karla M. Robotti, Daniel B. Roitman
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Patent number: 7387891Abstract: An optical instrument is provided for simultaneously illuminating two or more spaced-apart reaction regions with an excitation beam generated by a light source. A collimating lens can be disposed along a beam path between the light source and the reaction regions to form bundles of collimated excitation beams, wherein each bundle corresponds to a respective reaction region. Methods of analysis using the optical instrument are also provided.Type: GrantFiled: May 19, 2003Date of Patent: June 17, 2008Assignee: Applera CorporationInventors: Steven J. Boege, Mark F. Oldham, Eugene F. Young
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Patent number: 7384797Abstract: Biosensors including resonant optical cavities. The resonant optical cavities are shaped so as to generate whispering gallery modes, which increase the quality factors of the cavities and facilitate the detection of analytes in a sample with enhanced sensitivity. The sizes of the resonant optical cavities facilitate their use in biosensors that include arrays of sensing zones. Accordingly, the resonant optical cavities may be used in high-density sensing arrays that can be read in real-time and in parallel. Thus, the resonant optical cavities are useful for detecting small concentrations of samples in real-time and with high throughput. Different embodiments of the biosensors are also disclosed, as are methods for using the biosensors.Type: GrantFiled: October 12, 2000Date of Patent: June 10, 2008Assignee: University of Utah Research FoundationInventor: Steven M. Blair
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Patent number: 7371562Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for detecting biomolecular interactions. The use of labels is not required and the methods can be performed in a high-throughput manner. The invention also provides optical devices useful as narrow band filters.Type: GrantFiled: August 10, 2005Date of Patent: May 13, 2008Assignee: SRU Biosystems, Inc.Inventors: Brian T. Cunningham, Jane Pepper, Bo Lin, Peter Li, Jean Qiu, Homer Pien
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Patent number: 7368281Abstract: An evanescent-field sensor system and method of using the system to detect either liquid- or airborne biological pathogens, chemical agents, and other harmful or toxic species is provided. The sensor system involves 1) an evanescent-field sensor having a substrate surface with at least a partial bio- or chemo-responsive layer, which forms a part of a serially renewable sensing region; 2) an optical interrogation apparatus for monitoring the bio- or chemo-responsive layer; and 3) an air-fluid delivery system. The optical interrogation apparatus has a light source, an optical delivery system, and a detection instrument or device. The air-fluid delivery system includes either macro or micro-fluidic passages designed to convey biological or chemical analytes to a sensing region.Type: GrantFiled: March 5, 2004Date of Patent: May 6, 2008Assignee: Corning IncorporatedInventors: Eric J. Mozdy, Frederic J-Y Quan, Po Ki Yuen
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Patent number: 7368294Abstract: Method for detecting biological or chemical components in liquid or gas is based on measuring changes of the sensor layer thickness due to binding reactions. A plate or a gap with two surfaces of a solid optical material is used as the sensor layer. The surfaces are located at a distance of more than 10 ?m, which allows pumping liquids through the gap at moderate pressure drops and investigating large biological objects (e.g., cells), or employment of affordable plates that are rigid enough without any substrate. The indicated thickness of the plate or the gap permits using of ultra bright superluminescent diodes as light sources, because it allows recording within their narrow spectrum a sufficient number of interference maxima and minima for precise registration of molecular binding reactions, which lead to much higher sensitivity of the method as compared with thin-film methods.Type: GrantFiled: May 10, 2001Date of Patent: May 6, 2008Assignee: Petr Ivanovich NikitinInventors: Petr Ivanovich Nikitin, Boris Georgievich Gorshkov
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Patent number: 7341873Abstract: There is provided a method for assessing the quality of platelet concentrates for determining their suitability for transfusion. More specifically dynamic light scattering measurements of the samples containing platelets are obtained and parameters, such as hydrodynamic radius and relative number of platelet-derived microparticles, are derived from these measurements that are indicative of platelet quality.Type: GrantFiled: August 24, 2004Date of Patent: March 11, 2008Assignee: Canadian Blood ServicesInventor: Elisabeth Maurer-Spurej
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Patent number: 7332329Abstract: A substrate for testing a carrier liquid for biomolecules using SPR or other techniques provides a metallic island surrounded by a hydrophobic layer, the islands being a location for the attachment of probe molecules. The hydrophobic layer may also be a dielectric material providing improved sensitivity in SPR imaging.Type: GrantFiled: September 21, 2005Date of Patent: February 19, 2008Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationInventors: Alastair William Wark, Hye Jin Lee, Robert Marcus Corn, Voula Kodoyianni
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Patent number: 7332327Abstract: In a method for analysis biomolecules (3) attached to a solid surface of a substrate (1) are used for detecting the presence of analytes (4) in a sample by binding of the analytes to the biomolecules. The biomolecules (3) are attached directly to the surface of the substrate together with biomolecule-repellent molecules (5), which cover the surface between the biomolecules (3) to prevent nonspecific binding of analytes (4) and other biomolecules. The invention relates also to a biosensor where biomolecules (3) are attached directly to the substrate (1) together with biomolecule-repellent molecules (5), which cover the surface between the biomolecules (3) to prevent non-specific binding of analytes (4) and other biomolecules. The biomolecules (5) can be self-assembled hydrophilic polymers. One example of using the invention is immunological analysis using surface plasmon resonance (SPR).Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 2002Date of Patent: February 19, 2008Assignee: BioNavis Ltd.Inventors: Inger Vikholm, Janusz Sadowski
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Patent number: 7323347Abstract: A biosensor surface with a low density of ligand-carrying tether molecules on a base layer. Also, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) devices have the biosensor surface attached to a thin gold layer with backside angle-spread incident radiation for resonance excitation and reflective detection.Type: GrantFiled: May 27, 2005Date of Patent: January 29, 2008Assignee: Sensata Technologies, Inc.Inventor: John G. Quinn
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Patent number: 7314751Abstract: A fluorescence detection system includes a photonic band gap structure. An internal surface of the photonic band gap structure defines a core region, and is coated with a film formed of conjugated polymer molecules. The core region is filled with a sample fluid or gas having a plurality of either chemical or biological analytes dispersed therein. An optical source generates excitation light directed to the sample fluid. In response, a binding event between a bacterium or chemical species in the fluid or gas and one or more of the conjugated polymer molecules generates a fluorescent signal whose wavelength falls within the photonic band gap. The fluorescent signal is guided through said core region by resonant reflections, and is guided onto a detector. A plurality of photonic band gap structures may be combined so as to form a biosensor array.Type: GrantFiled: July 27, 2001Date of Patent: January 1, 2008Assignee: The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc.Inventors: William P. Kelleher, Stephen P. Smith, Richard E. Stoner
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Patent number: 7314749Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting analytes in a medium, and more particularly the present invention relates to an assay based on light diffraction which appears or changes upon the binding of analytes to their specific receptors laid out in patterns on a substrate, which has high sensitivity due to the appropriate choice of such patterns. The present invention is based on the principle that the pattern of recognition elements, which gives rise to the diffraction of the incident light in a diffraction-based assay, can be chosen in such a way so as to facilitate detection, and to enhance the signal to be detected compared to known gratings such as parallel straight lines. In one aspect the substrate itself has a surface topography designed to enhance the diffraction pattern signals. In another aspect the substrate is a diffractive optic element having the analyte-specific receptors affixed to the optic element.Type: GrantFiled: September 13, 2002Date of Patent: January 1, 2008Assignee: Axela Biosensors Inc.Inventors: M. Cynthia Goh, Richard Loo, Jane B. Goh, Richard McAloney
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Patent number: 7312073Abstract: Method for the detection and enumeration of viable microorganisms. A liquid that comprises one or more markers incorporated in a liquid sol-gel precursor, is provided. A transparent slide is coated with a thin uniform layer of the liquid sol-gel precursor composition. The microorganisms are separated from liquid sample to be analyzed by passing the sample through a filter, and then bringing the filter into close contact with the sol-gel coated slide. The filter is co-incubated with the sol-gel coated slide for a period of time and at a temperature suitable to promote uptake of the markers by the microorganisms. The gel-coated slide irradiated with an external energy source, so as to generate detectable signals emitted from the markers uptaken by the microorganisms. Image of the detectable signals emitted from the microorganisms are acquired, and analyzed using a computer system, in order to provide the identification and enumeration of the microorganisms.Type: GrantFiled: November 8, 2001Date of Patent: December 25, 2007Assignee: BioGem Optical Ltd.Inventors: Erich Shaw, Jean-Claude Robin
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Patent number: 7312069Abstract: A sample analyzing method capable of high-precision analysis without being affected by vibration and optical design is provided. In the sample analyzing method, a sample containing a ligand is caused to bind to a receptor that can bind specifically to the ligand, and a change caused by binding of the receptor and the ligand is analyzed by measuring frequency characteristics of a surface plasmon resonance angle while applying external vibration to the receptor. The sample analyzing method is useful in the fields of, for example, biology, medicine, pharmacology, agriculture, and the like.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 2004Date of Patent: December 25, 2007Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Inventors: Tomoaki Ban, Hideki Kirino