Abstract: Disclosed herein is an immobilized enzyme inulin-D-fructotransferase carried in a specific anionic exchange resin with pores having a mode radius in the range of 75 to 2,000 angstroms. The immobilized enzyme of the present invention is effective in the production of DFA III from inulin.

Abstract: An optically active monoester of the formula of ##STR1## where R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 alkyl is disclosed. The monoester is produced by transesterification of cis-endo-bicyclo [2,2,2] oct-5-ene-2,3-dimethanol with a fatty acid alkyl or vinyl ester, or triglyceride by using an esterase.

Abstract: An enzymatic method for the preparation of a fructose-containing oligosaccharide, in which a .beta.-fructofuranosidase obtained by culturing Arthrobacter sp. K-1 (FERM BP-3192) as an enzyme is reacted on sucrose, raffinose or stachyose as the donor in the presence of an aldose or ketose as the receptor. The enzyme is characterized by:(1) activity on sucrose for the transglycosidation of a fructosyl group to the receptor in the presence of a monosaccharide, sugar alcohol, alkyl alcohol, glycoside or oligosaccharide;(2) activity for the decomposition of sucrose, elrose, neokestose, xylsucrose, raffinose and stachyose with inactivity on a saccharide selected from the group consisting of 1-kestose, nistose, inulobiose and levan biose;(3) optimum pH of 6.5 to 6.8 at 40.degree. C. with stability at a pH of 5.5 to 10;(4) optimum temperature of 55.degree. C. at a pH of 6.5 exhibiting at least 70% of residual activity at 60.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for preparing difructose dianhydride III (DFA III) comprising reacting inulin with an inulin lytic enzyme derived from a microorganism belonging to Arthrobacter ilicis. The enzyme employed herein efficiently produces DFA III from inulin and is more stable against heat than conventional enzymes. The present process enables industrial continuous production of DFA III. The preferred strain used herein is Arthrobacter ilicis MCI 2297 (FERM P-9893).

Abstract: A novel urease and a process for producing the same are disclosed. This novel urease has certain properties that are mainly useful for removing urea from alcoholic liquors or other foods and beverages produced by fermentation. These properties include an optimum pH in an acidic pH range, high stability in a considerably high concentration of alcohol such as in an alcoholic liquor, resistance to high temperatures, and highly specific activity to urea.This urease can be produced by culturing a certain strain belonging to genus Arthrobacter, disrupting the cultured microbial cells and isolating the product.

Abstract: Ethyl carbamate in an alcoholic liquor is decomposed by contacting the alcoholic liquor with a culture broth or processed matter thereof obtained from a microorganism which belongs to the genus Gluconobacter, Flavobacterium, Arthrobacter, Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Trichosporon or Candida, and is capable of decomposing ethyl carbamate. The alcoholic liquor is improved in quality, and has a low ethyl carbamate content.

Abstract: A process for the one-step conversion of cephalosporin C and derivatives thereof to the corresponding 7-aminocephalosporanic acid and derivatives comprising treating said cephalosporin C and derivatives with a cephalosporin C amidase derived from Arthrobacter viscosus ATCC 53594, or from any cephalosporin C amidase producing, or potentially producing descendants thereof, or from any expression of the genetic material of said Arthrobacter viscosus ATCC 53594, or any cephalosporin C amidase producing, or potentially producing descendants thereof.

Abstract: Novel microorganisms can be used to convert n-eugenol to coniferylaldehyde.

Abstract: The galactitol level in the body fluid, e.g. blood or urine, is determined by the method that comprises allowing a body fluid sample to contact in vitro with a bacterium capable of producing D-tagatose from galactitol, and measuring the D-tagatose. Such bacterium is of the genus Arthrobacter, specifically, Arthrobacter globiformis ST-48 FERM P-7592 or its mutant, or of the genus Pseudomonas. The method is useful for detecting galactose dysbolism.

Abstract: A process for preparing optically active indoline-2-carboxylic acid by an optical resolution, which comprises subjecting a racemic ester of (R,S)-indoline-2-carboxylic acid having the general formula [(R,S)-I] to the action of an enzyme or a microorganism having a stereo-selective esterase activity, which is capable of asymmetrically hydrolyzing the racemic ester [(R,S)-I] to give optically active indoline-2-carboxylic acid having the formula [II*] so as to produce the hydrolysis product, i.e. optically active indoline-2-carboxylic acid [II*] and an unreacted optically active ester of indoline-2-carboxylic acid having the general formula [I*], isolating each optically active form, and further, if necessary, hydrolyzing the obtained optically active ester [I*] to give an optical antipode of the acid [II*].According to the process of the present invention, optically active indoline-2-carboxylic acid with a high optical purity can be prepared in a simple process with a good yield.

Abstract: A novel mixed bacterial culture isolated from soil by enrichment culture techniques produces a xanthanase enzyme complex which is stable to 65.degree. C. in the presence of salt. These properties render the heat-stable, salt-tolerant xanthanase useful for in situ degradation of xanthan gum in petroleum recovery fluids and other thickened industrial brines.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a pharmaceutically active compound in a stereospecific form of the formula ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, like an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt or a pivaloyl ester, wherein R.sub.1 represents an optionally substituted aryl group such as a phenyl or naphthyl group optionally included in a heterocyclic ring system, which is optionally substituted, or represents a heteroaromatic ring system containing in addition to carbon atoms one or more atoms selected from nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen, this ring system being optionally substituted, which comprises subjecting a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: Novel microorganisms can be used to convert n-eugenol to coniferylaldehyde.

Abstract: Muconic acid is obtained from the culture of strains of Arthrobacter sp. mutant strains, strains belonging to Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum, Corynebacterium lilium, genus Brevibacterium or genus Microbacterium.

Abstract: The novel bacterial strains Bacillus coagulans ATCC 53595, Arthrobacter globiformis ATCC 53596 and Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 53602 are able to catabolize tertiary butyl alcohol and are therefore useful in treating wastewater to remove the compound prior to discharge.

Abstract: Menaquinone-4 is produced by cultivating in culture media a microorganism belonging to the genus Corynebacterium Arthrobactor, Brevibacterium, Microbacterium, Cutobacterium, Auteobacterium or Flavobacterium which produces menaquinone-4 and recovering the same.

Abstract: L-phenylalanine is produced by using a microorganism belonging to the species Citrobacter freundii, Erwinia herbicola, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Flavobacterium suaveolens, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas putida, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Paracoccus denitrificans, Arthrobacter globiformis, Bacillus sphaericus, Corynebacterium hydrocarboclastus, Kluyvera micum or Microbacterium ammoniaphilum and having the ability to convert phenylpyruvic acid into L-phenylalanine in the presence of an amino group donor; or fumaric acid and ammonium ion or urea.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the determination of N-carbamoylsarcosine, wherein a sample solution containing N-carbamoylsarcosine is reacted with N-carbamoylsarcosine-amidohydrolase to give sarcosine, which is then determined.The present invention also provides the enzyme N-carbamoylsarcosine-amidohydrolase, a process for obtaining it and a reagent containing it.

Abstract: A newly discoverd microorganism having characteristics of an Arthrobacter and having the ability to utilize peanut hull lignin as a sole source of carbon is disclosed. Peanut hulls have a higher lignin content than hardwoods and softwoods. The newly discovered microorganism makes the biodegradation of peanut hulls and other similar lignin containing biological waste products commercially feasible. Specifically, a process for converting peanut hulls and other similar lignin containing biological waste products to animal feed is disclosed.

Abstract: Materials of particular utility in separating hydrocarbon values from mineral deposits, e.g. bitumen from tar sands, are prepared by a microbiological fermentation process using certain selected microorganisms. The fermentation process is conducted under aerobic conditions, with the selected microorganisms growing on a hydrocarbon substrate. The materials have surfactant properties, in greater or lesser degree. The materials may be subsequently separated from the fermentation broth, or alternatively the broth may be used as is, since it contains relatively large proportions of suitable separation effecting materials.

Abstract: A method for producing S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, which comprises cultivating a microorganism having the ability to produce S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase within its cells in a nutrient medium to accumulate said hydrolase in the cells, said microorganism being a bacterium belonging to the genera Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Enterobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Agrobacterium, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Chromobacterium, Xanthomonas, Flavobacterium, Cellulomonas, Azotobacter and Protaminobacter, or an actinomycete belonging to the genera Streptomyces, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Streptoverticillium, Micromonospora, Micropolyspora, Streptosporangium and Microellobosporia; and then recovering S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase from the cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a glucose isomerizing enzyme which is functional at temperatures over 90.degree., utilizing a strain microorganisms having the identifying characteristics of Arthrobacter sp. ATCC 21748.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for preparing optically-active 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid by asymmetrically cleaving one of the enantiotopic ester groupings of 3-hydroxyglutaric diester by the action of microbial enzymes to obtain a chiral monoacid which is readily converted into optically-active 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid by chemical means.

Abstract: A method of enhancing a fungus-lytic activity of .beta.-1,3-D-glucanase which comprises using said glucanase in the presence of one or more of the activators selected from the group consisting of sodium lauroylsarcosinate, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylenealkyl ether, benzalkonium chloride, ammonium chloride, chlorhexidine glucuronate, methylparaben, propylparaben, trypsin, Pronase.RTM. and Alcalase.RTM..A method of enhancing a fungus-lytic activity of .beta.-1,3-D-glucanase which comprises using two .beta.-1,3-D-glucanases of different origins is also provided.

Abstract: Aqueous media, e.g., potable waters, are treated/purified by flocculation utilizing, as the flocculant therefor, that flocculating adjuvant adapted for ready dispersion/dissolution in such media comprising intimate admixture of a water soluble gum, polymer or biogum heteropolysaccharide, a dispersion/dissolution enhancing amount of a water donor material, and, advantageously, an anionic and/or nonionic surfactant.

Abstract: Plasmid-assisted molecular breeding procedures for generating pure and mixed cultures of microorganisms capable of dissimilating environmentally persistent chemical compounds. Continuously cultured growth of microorganisms is carried out in the presence of a source of DNA plasmids participative in dissimilation of compounds structurally analogous to the persistent compounds and under chemostatic conditions including gradually increasing concentrations of the persistent compound. Novel microorganism products of the procedures include a mixed Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas culture, A.T.C.C. 39028, capable of total degradation of mixed polychlorinated biphenyls (e.g., Arochlor 1221) and a pure culture of Pseudomonas cepacia, A.T.C.C. 39027, which can utilize 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) as its sole carbon source. Disclosed also are procedures for using pure and mixed cultures of the invention in degrading persistent compounds contaminating soil and aqueous environments.

Abstract: A method for cultivating, under alkaline conditions, microorganisms in a culture medium containing, as a carbon source, the extracted liquor or spent liquor derived from alkaline pulping is presented. In this cultivation, organic acids contained in the extracted liquor or spent liquor can be effectively utilized. Typical microorganisms cultured are bacteria belonging to the genera Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium and Brevibacterium.

Abstract: Tyramine oxidase, which is useful for the clinical diagnosis of leucine aminopeptidase activity in serum, is produced by culturing the microorganism Arthrobacter sp. B-0813 FERM-P No. 6240 in a nutrient medium, and isolating thus-produced tyramine oxidase from the cultured medium.

Abstract: L-leucine is prepared by cultivation of an analogue-resistant mutant of Arthrobacter citreus in an aqueous nutrient medium under aerobic conditions. The cultivation is preferably carried out at about 30.degree. C. and at a pH of 5 to 0.8. L-leucine is recovered from the fermentation broth. In a preferred embodiment the mutant is further mutated, and the second mutant is similarly fermented to prepare L-leucine.

Abstract: A process is disclosed in which an optically active monoalkyl ester of .beta.-(S)-aminoglutaric acid is prepared by subjecting a dialkyl ester of .beta.-protected aminoglutaric acid to the action of a culture broth, cells, or treated cells of a microorganism capable of stereoselectively hydrolyzing only one of the ester groups in the above-mentioned dialkyl ester to produce an optically active monoalkyl ester of .beta.-protected (S)-aminoglutaric acid, and then removing the amino-protecting group from the product. An optically active monoalkyl ester of .beta.-(S)-aminoglutaric acid is useful as a starting material for synthesizing .beta.-lactam antibiotics of carbapenem type such as thienamycin.

Abstract: A novel Bacillus isolated from the soil is unique in its capacity to produce xanthanase, and is especially productive of the enzyme when cultured in the presence of other soil organisms. Both crude and purified xanthanases recovered from the fermentation broth effectively degrade xanthan gum. Moreover, tolerance of the Bacillus to sodium chloride levels as high as about 4%, render it useful for the in situ degradation of the heteropolysaccharide in petroleum recovery fluids and other thickened industrial brines.

Abstract: A process for producing 6-aminopenicillanic acid and 6-aminopenicillanic acid S-oxide by means of enzymes produced by microbes belonging to Arthrobacter genus, especially Arthrobacter cremorum and Arthrobacter flagellum.

Abstract: A process for producing uroporphyrin III, which comprises cultivating a uroporphyrin III-producing microorganism of the genus Arthrobacter in a culture medium containing a carbon source, a nitrogen source and a mineral, and recovering uroporphyrin III from the culture broth.

Abstract: A microbial process for producing a cholanic acid derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is ##STR2## or .dbd.O; and R is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, which comprises cultivating a microbe which is capable of growing in a medium containing cholic acid or a salt thereof as a substrate to produce the cholanic acid derivative, selected from the genera Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium and Corynebacterium, in a culture medium containing the substrate and collecting the resulting derivative.

Abstract: A process for separating and recovering coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin from a culture broth containing them, which comprises(1) adjusting the pH of the liquid phase of a cultured broth containing coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin to a range of 2.5 to 4 to form a solid precipitate containing coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin and collecting the precipitate,(2) preparing an aqueous alkaline solution of the solid precipitate obtained in step (1), adjusting the pH of the solution to a range of more than 4 but not over 6, to form a solid precipitate containing coproporphyrin, and collecting the precipitate, and(3) adjusting the pH of the residue left after collection of the precipitate in step (2) to a range of 1 to 4 to form a solid precipitate containing uroporphyrin and collecting the precipitate.The active porphyrin components thus obtained have physiological activity in regulating various organisms of the body, such as, for example, improving the function of the liver.

Abstract: A process for the production of acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase, comprises culturing an acyl-Coenzyme A-oxidase-producing microorganism belonging to genus Macrophomina, genus Cladosporium, genus Aspergillus, genus Monascus, genus Saccharomyces or genus Arthrobacter in a nutrient medium, and isolating the thus-formed acyl-CoA oxidase therefrom. The preferred species of microorganism are Macrophomina phaseoli ATCC 14383, Cladosporium resinae IFO 6367, Aspergillus candidus M-4815 FERM-P No. 5226, Monascus sp. M-4800 FERM-P No. 5225, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y 0036 FERM-P No. 5174, and Arthrobacter sp. B-720 FERM-P No. 5224, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed are optically active acylated cephalosporin analogs which are useful as antibacterial agents and methods for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for obtaining cholesterol oxidase, wherein Streptomyces griseofuscus DSM 40191, Streptomyces hygroscopicus 40771, Streptomyces acidomyceticus DSM 40798 and/or Arthrobacter paraffinens DSM 312 are cultured and the enzyme obtained from the culture supernatant and/or the cells.

Abstract: In a process for producing coproporphyrin III which comprises cultivating a coproporphyrin III-producing microorganism of the genus Arthrobacter in a culture medium containing a carbon source, a nitrogen source and a mineral and recovering coproporphyrin III from the culture broth, the improvement wherein the culture medium contains at least 0.1 g, per liter of the culture medium, of L-cystine, at leas 0.5 g, per liter of the culture medium, of Mg.sup.++, or both; and coproporphyrin III-producing microoganisms.

Abstract: A dimensionally stable glucose isomerase composition having improved hydraulic characteristics and suitable for continuous column isomerization of glucose to fructose is produced by incorporating a low density, high surface area silica such as fumed silica into wet whole microorganism cells, and extruding and drying the cells to obtain the cells in particulate form suitable for continuous column use. This technique is also applicable to microorganism cells containing other enzymes.

Abstract: Optically active cephalosporin analogs are produced by optically selective deacylation of an optically inactive acylated analog. The compounds are useful as intermediates in the preparation of optically active acylated antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: Disclosed are optically active cephalosporin analogs which are produced by optically selective deacylation of an optically inactive acylated analog. The compounds are useful as intermediates in the preparation of optically active acylated antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: A process for fermentatively producing vitamin B.sub.12, which comprises cultivating a vitamin B.sub.12 -producing microorganism belonging to at least one of the genus Arthrobacter and the genus Propionibacterium in the presence of a pre-cultivation product of a vitamin B.sub.12 -producing microorganism belonging to at least the other genus, and separating vitamin B.sub.12 from the culture broth.

Abstract: Novel microbial transformation process to selectively convert steroids with or without 17-alkyl side chains of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, inclusive, to 3a.alpha.-H-4.alpha.-[3'-propanol]-7a.beta.-methylhexahydro-1,5-indaned ione hemiketal having the following structure: ##STR1## This compound can be used as an intermediate to make useful 19-nor steroids.

Abstract: Polysaccharides forming gels are produced by cultivating .[.a.]. microorganism .[.such as Arthrobacter carbazolum.]. .Iadd.strain .Iaddend.FERM 2574 .Iadd.(ATCC-31258) .Iaddend.in a suitable medium.