Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and method for producing ?-polyglutamic acid (PGA). In particular, provided herein are bacterial co-culture systems and methods for producing PGA.

Abstract: A package 10 comprises a main body 12 for containing a seed lubricant; and a chamber 24 for retaining microorganisms in a viable state, wherein the main body 12 and the chamber 24 are separated by a disruptable dividing member 32, and further comprising a mechanism for disrupting the dividing member 32 such that the seed lubricant and the microorganisms may be blended just prior to deployment on a seed planter and wherein the main body 12, the chamber 24 and the disrupting member form an integral package suitable for providing the blend of seed lubricant and viable microorganisms to seeds in a seed planter.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes the engineering of microbial cells for fermentative production of histamine and provides novel engineered microbial cells and cultures, as well as related histamine production methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides at least two modified gene sequences, Sequence 1 comprising of nucleotide sequence of SEQ. ID no.1, and Sequence 2 comprising of nucleotide sequence of SEQ. ID no.2, encoding the enzyme choline oxidase wherein the gene sequences have been obtained by modifying the codA gene (Accession no. X84895) encoding choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis, and a method to enzymatically produce betaine using choline oxidases encoded by Sequence 1, and Sequence 2, wherein the enzymatically produced betaine has minimal undesired trimethylamine contamination.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ligand which binds to MR1 wherein said binding results in binding of the MR1 to MAIT cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microorganisms, Brevibacterium lactofermentum CJJA21 (Accession No. KCCM-10222), which is resistant to sodium azide, and Brevibacterium lactofermentum CJJA22 (Accession No. KCCM-10223), which is resistant to ?-aminobutyric acid. These microorganisms are capable of producing L-glutamine in a higher yield than the known strains. The present invention further provides processes for producing L-glutamine using the microorganisms of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microorganisms, Brevibacterium lactofermentum CJJA21 (Accession No. KCCM-10222), which is resistant to sodium azide, and Brevibacterium lactofermentum CJJA22 (Accession No. KCCM-10223), which is resistant to ?-aminobutyric acid. These microorganisms are capable of producing L-glutamine in a higher yield than the known strains. The present invention further provides processes for producing L-glutamine using the microorganisms of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for enzymatically producing optically active mandelic acid derivatives. An optically active mandelic acid derivative (shown as Formula II) is produced by reacting a culture or cell body of a microorganism, or processed products thereof, with a phenylglyoxylic acid derivative, and then recovering the obtained optically active mandelic acid derivative, wherein the microorganism has the ability to stereo-selectively reduce the phenylglyoxylic acid derivative. An optically active mandelic acid obtained according to the present invention is useful as an intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.

Abstract: An industrially more advantageous method for the production of metabolites biologically synthesized via phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) is provided, making use of metabolically modified strains in which transketolase activity is deficient or reduced in comparison with the parent strain.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing folic acid, comprising incubating yeast having the ability to produce folic acid of 0.3 mg or more or incubating bacteria having the ability to produce folic acid of 1 mg or more per liter of the culture, thereby accumulating folic acid in the culture.

Abstract: A method for producing L-glutamic acid, comprising inoculating a microorganism having an ability to produce L-glutamic acid, in a liquid medium containing a carbon source and a nitrogen source, conducting continuous L-glutamic acid fermentation in which both a carbon source and a nutrient having an effect of promoting bacterial growth are fed so as to make the microorganism grow, and then collecting L-glutamic acid produced and accumulated in a culture broth.

Abstract: A mutant strain having an ability to produce L-glutamic acid in the absence of any biotin action-suppressing agent in a medium containing an excessive amount of biotin is obtained by giving temperature sensitivity with respect to a biotin action-suppressing agent to a coryneform L-glutamic acid-producing bacterium. This strain is cultivated in a liquid medium to produce and accumulate L-glutamic acid in the medium. A mutant strain having an ability to produce L-lysine and L-glutamic acid in the absence of any biotin action-suppressing agent in a medium containing an excessive amount of biotin is obtained by giving temperature sensitivity with respect to a biotin action-suppressing agent and giving L-lysine productivity to a coryneform L-glutamic acid-producing bacterium. This strain is cultivated in a liquid medium to simultaneously produce and accumulate L-lysine and L-glutamic acid in the medium.

Abstract: A method of producing L-amino acids by fermentation. Microorganisms of the genus Corynebacterium which exhibit an auxotrophy relative to an amino acid are used as biocatalysts. The method is characterized in that the carbon source on the one hand and the limiting amino acid on the other hand are fed in two or more different infeed currents to the process. The infeed profiles have, for example, a concave (saccharose) and an exponential (amino acid) form or a convex (saccharose) and likewise a convex (amino acid) form, with specific differing degrees of increase of the currents relative to each other over time.

Abstract: This invention relates to a .gamma.-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase having novel properties, to a process for the production of the .gamma.-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase which comprises culturing a strain belonging to the genus Brevibacterium capable of producing cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, thereby allowing the strain to produce the .gamma.-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in a culture medium, and subsequently collecting the enzyme, to a process for the production of cyclodextrin which comprises allowing the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase to react with substrate dissolved in a solution, thereby effecting formation of .gamma.-cyclodextrin as a main product, and to a method for increasing .gamma.-cyclodextrin yield without accompanying yield increase of total cyclodextrin, which comprises adding ethyl alcohol to a reaction solution in which .gamma.-cyclodextrin and .beta.-cyclodextrin are formed from starch by the action of .gamma.

Abstract: Culturing an L-amino acid producing microorganism belonging to the genus Brevibacterium or Corynebacterium and having a resistance to a peptide containing glutamic acid or aspartic acid gives L-amino acids in high yield.

Abstract: Fumaric acid is produced by reacting maleic acid in an aqueous solution with a microorganism which has maleate isomerase activity or with a preparation from the microorganism having the maleate isomerase activity, and producing fumaric acid in a reaction solution by enzymatic isomerization of maleic acid carried out under the condition that the dissolved oxygen concentration in the reaction solution is substantially maintained at 4 ppm or less, for example, by sealing the reaction solution with one or more gases selected from N.sub.2, Ar, and He.

Abstract: A process for producing cholesterol oxidase from a recombinant microorganism, the microorganism itself and its recombinant plasmid are disclosed. The cholesterol oxidase has a particular amino acid sequence, a high substrate affinity and a working pH in the acidic range. The gene for this cholesterol oxidase was derived from Brevibacterium sterolicum. The cholesterol oxidase is used for the quantitative determination of cholesterol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to (a) process for producing L-lysine by fermentation which comprises culturing a microorganism having resistance to 4-N-(D-alanyl)-2,4-diamino-2,4-dideoxy-L-arabinose 2,4-dideoxy-L-arabinose or a derivative thereof and belonging to the genus Brevibacterium or the genus Corynebacterium, (b) said bacterium therefore and (c) a method of producing said bacterium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing substances such as L-tryptophan and L-threonine, which comprises transforming a serine-requiring microorganism belonging to the genus Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium by incorporation of a recombinant plasmid containing a gene which complements the serine-requirement of the host and a gene which relates to the biosynthesis of a desired substance; culturing the obtained transformant in a culture medium; allowing the substance produced by the transformant to accumulate in the culture; and recovering the substance from the culture.

Abstract: A process for producing cholesterol oxidase from a recombinant microorganism, the microorganism itself and its recombinant plasmid are disclosed. The cholesterol oxidase has a particular amino acid sequence, a high substrate affinity and a working pH in the acidic range. The gene for this cholesterol oxidase was derived from Brevibacterium sterolicum.

Abstract: The invention relates to modified materials based on polyacrylonitrile having amidic groups on their surface. The modification gives the material greater hydrophilic characteristics improving its comfort properties. In addition, it permits the polyacrylonitrile to be dyed also with acidic dyes thus making it possible for it to be used for the preparation of yarns mixed with natural fibres, such as wool for example. The process for their production involves treatment of the material with enzymes of the nitrile hydratasis class obtained from Brevibacterium imperiale.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a DNA fragment which contains a gene responsible for the function of autonomous replication of plasmid in a Coryneform bacterium, said gene being obtained from plasmid pBY503 held in Brevibacterium stationis, and in which at least one point mutation capable of increasing the copy number of plasmid exists on said gene region. By using a Coryneform transformed with the vector constructed using said DNA fragment and an industrially useful gene such as aspartase gene or tryptophan synthase gene, production of the useful product occurs with higher efficiency than conventional methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing D-lactic acid and L-lactamide, comprising allowing a culture broth of a microorganism capable of asymmetric hydrolysis of DL-lactamide belonging to the genus Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium, Brevibacterium, Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium, Enterobacter, Micrococcus or Rhodococcus, the microorganism itself, a material obtained therefrom or an immobilized material thereof to act on DL-lactamide, and recovering the resulting D-lactic acid and the remaining L-lactamide. The present invention enables sufficient production of D-lactic acid and L-lactamide by the present microorganism.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing substances such as L-tryptophan and L-threonine, which comprises transforming a serine-requiring microorganism belonging to the genus Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium by incorporation of a recombinant plasmid containing a gene which complements the serine-requirement of the host and a gene which relates to the biosynthesis of a desired substance; culturing the obtained transformant in a culture medium; allowing the substance produced by the transformant to accumulate in the culture; and recovering the substance from the culture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bacterial process for producing L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine or L-phenylalanine. The process utilizes a coryneform glutamic acid-producing bacterium being capable of producing L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine or L-phenylalanine and also decreased or lacked in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity. The mutant strain is then cultured in order to accumulate the amino acid in a medium and the amino acid is recovered therefrom.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing L-valine which comprises cultivating, in a medium, a microorganism which belongs to the genus Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium, which exhibits a) an ability to produce L-valine, b) resistance to L-valine in a medium containing acetic acid as a sole carbon source, and c) sensitivity to a pyruvic acid analog in a medium containing glucose as a sole carbon source, until L-valine is accumulated in the culture broth, and recovering L-valine therefrom.

Abstract: A process for the production of .alpha.-hydroxy acids or .alpha.-hydroxyamides in which an .alpha.-hydroxynitrile compound or a mixture consisting of an aldehyde and prussic acid, which corresponds to the nitrile compound, is allowed to undergo a microbial reaction to produce the corresponding .alpha.-hydroxy acid or .alpha.-hydroxyamide, wherein the improvement resides in that phosphite ions or hypophosphite ions are allowed to be present in the reaction system. According to the present invention, since hydrolysis or hydration of nitrile compounds can be carried out by constantly keeping a low concentration level of aldehydes which are considered to be a cause of the enzyme inhibition in the reaction system, the enzyme activity can be maintained stably for a prolonged period of time and the formed acids or amides can therefore be accumulated in a high concentration.

Abstract: A method of producing trehalose, in which a microorganism belonging to the genus Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Microbacterium or Arthrobacter and having the ability to produce trehalose is incubated in a liquid medium containing sucrose or maltose as an essential carbon source and the trehalose produced and accumulated in the culture is collected therefrom. Trehalose is produced inexpensively and efficiently by industrial mass-production.

Abstract: A restriction enzyme is obtained by cultivating a strain of Brevibacterium linens and recovering the restriction enzyme.

Abstract: 6-Hydroxy nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring compounds of the following general formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents carboxy group, carbamoyl group, cyano group, formyl group, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 hydroxyalkyl group, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkoxycarbonyl group, carboxyvinyl group, carboxymethyl group or oxime group, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen atom or carboxy group, and A represents carbon atom or nitrogen atom, can be prepared by reacting a nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring compounds of the following general formula (I): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and A are as defined in the general formula (II) above, with a microorganism or physico-chemically treated microorganism in an aqueous medium. Efficiency of the above reaction can be raised by conducting the reaction in the presence of phenazine methosulfate.

Abstract: Optically active 2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid can be obtained by treating 2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid with an optionally treated microorganism capable of asymmetrically reducing the 2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid into (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid or (S)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid to thereby asymmetrically reduce the same into (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid or (s) -2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid.

Abstract: A process for producing L-phenylalanine at high rates of formation and in good yields is provided which comprises allowing a microorganism which belongs to the genus Nocardia and is capable of producing L-phenyl-alanine from phenylpyruvic acid or a salt thereof and an amino group donor to act upon an aqueous solution containing phenylpyruvic acid or a salt thereof and an amino group donor selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts and ammonia in a hydrogen gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A composition and method for the prevention and treatment of diarrhea in domesticated animals, comprising sterilized cells of aerobic bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, or Streptomyces, a cell homogenate of said sterilized cells, a cell wall component-containing fraction of said homogenate or mixtures thereof. In particular species of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Brevibacterium lactofermentum as well as strains thereof, such as A.T.C.C. 13060 and A.T.C.C. 13869, respectively, are useful in the treatment of diarrhea in domesticated animals.

Abstract: A cholesterol oxidase having a particular amino acid sequence and having a high substrate affinity and a working pH in an acidic range is produced by Brevibacterium sterolicum.

Abstract: A process for producing L-lysine, which comprises culturing a mutant L-lysine-producing strain belonging to the genus Brevibacterium or the genus Corynebacterium and having selenalysine resistance in a nutrient medium, producing and accumulating L-lysine in the culture broth and collecting L-lysine from the culture broth.

Abstract: A basic L-amino acid and an acidic L-amino acid may be concurrently produced by either culturing a basic L-amino acid-producing bacteria under conditions for producing an acidic L-amino acid or mix-culturing a basic L-amino acid-producing bacteria and an acidic L-amino acid-producing bacteria.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fermentation process using a L-lysine-producing microorganism having a resistance to an acyl-lysine, a methylated acyl-lysine or both an acyl-lysine and a methylated acyl-lysine. By the process of the present invention, L-lysine may be produced in high yields providing an improved process that reduces the cost of industrially produced L-lysine.

Abstract: A process is described for the separation of the optical isomers of alphayl- or alpha-aryloxy- carboxylic acids by means of the stereoselective hydrolysis of racemic alkyl esters of the above acids in the presence of bacteria or their enzymes, selected from the species Brevibacterium, Bacteridium, Micrococcus, and Bacillus.

Abstract: Culturing an L-amino acid producing microorganism belonging to the genus Brevibacterium or corynebacterium and having a resistance to a dipeptide containing glutamic acid or aspartic acid gives L-amino acids in high yield.

Abstract: Optically active 2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid can be obtained by treating 2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid with an optionally treated microorganism capable of asymmetrically reducing the 2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid into (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid or (S)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid to thereby asymmetrically reduce the same into (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid or (S)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid.

Abstract: L-arginine is produced in high yields by culturing a microorganism of the genus Brevibacterium or the genus Cornyebacterium, which is resistant to a compound of the formula X-guanidine, wherein X is an aliphatic group or derivative thereof. The preferred microorganisms are Brevibacterium flavum FERM BP-2227 and Corynebacterium glutamicum FERM BP-2228.

Abstract: A process for the production of L-glutamic acid comprising growing microorganisms belonging to the genera Brevibacterium and Corynebacterium that are resisted to prumycin.

Abstract: It is possible to produce and accumulate D-alanine selectively and to improve the amount of production and accumulation of D-alanine by cultivating a microorganism having both an ability to produce D-alanine and a resistance to D-cycloserine and belonging to the genus Brevibacterium.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing optically active 3-phenylglycidic acid ester compound, which comprises permitting a culture broth, cells or treated cells of a microorganism having an ability of stereoselectively hydrolyzing a (2R, 3S)-3-phenylglycidic acid ester compound to act on a racemic 3-phenylglycidic acid ester compound which may also have a substituent on the phenyl group, thereby hydrolyzing the (2R, 3S) optically active isomer and separating and collecting the (2S, 3R) antipode from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for the predominantly producing R(-)-mandelic acid or a derivative thereof which comprises subjecting (i) R,S-mandelonitrile or a derivative thereof, or (ii) a mixture of prussic acid and benzaldehyde or a derivative of benzaldehyde to the action of a microorganism selected from the group consisting of the genus Aureobacterium, Pseudomonas, Caseobacter, Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter, Brevibacterium, Nocardia, and Bacillus or treated cells thereof, which the microorganism is capable of stereospecifically hydrolyzing a nitrile group of the R,S-mandelonitrile or a derivative thereof, in a neutral or basic aqueous reaction system to produce the R(-)-mandelic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an organic compound from manure, including the steps of:i) concentrating the manure to form a vapor;ii) condensing said vapor to form a condensate;iii) adding to said condensate micro-organisms which are capable of producing the organic compound; andiv) separating from the condensate the organic compound produced by the micro-organisms.These micro-organisms comprise species of the genera Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Escherichia, Microbacterium, Micrococcus and Pseudomonas.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of producing L-amino acids from .alpha.-ketocarboxylic acids by means of continuous fermentation with the aid of glutamate producing bacteria with biomass retention in which the cells are separated by microfiltration and/or centrifugal separators.

Abstract: A basic L-amino acid and an acidic L-amino acid may be concurrently produced by either culturing a basic L-amino acid-producing bacteria under conditions for producing an acidic L-amino acid or mix-culturing a basic L-amino acid-producing bacteria and an acidic L-amino acid-producing bacteria.

Abstract: Optically active 2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid can be obtained by treating 2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid with an optionally treated microorganism capable of asymmetrically reducing the 2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid into (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid or (S)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid to thereby asymmetrically reduce the same into (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid or (S)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid.

Abstract: A process for producing L-ornithine by fermentation which comprises culturing a L-ornithine-producing microorganism is disclosed. The microorganism used belongs to the genus Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, or Arthrobacter, has auxotrophy for arginine and/or citrulline, and has resistance to microphenolic acid and/or ornithinol.