Abstract: An L-glutamic acid producing microorganism, which is obtained by incorporation into a host strain of the genus Escherichia of a hybrid plasmid having inserted therein a DNA fragment with genetic information controlling L-glutamic acid production, said fragment being derived from a donor strain of Escherichia which is capable of producing L-glutamic acid useful for the production of high levels of L-glutamic acid.

Abstract: An L-valine-producing microorganism which is constructed by incorporation into a host strain of the genus Escherichia of a hybrid plasmid having inserted therein a DNA fragment with genetic information related to L-valine production which is derived from a donor strain of the genus Escherichia which is resistant to a valine analogue, is useful for the production of high levels of L-valine by fermentation.

Abstract: Proteases derived from E. coli, and a method for preparing a proteinaceous mixture having proteolytic activity.

Abstract: A process for the enzymatic preparation of L-2-amino-4-methylphosphinobutyric acid by enzymatic cleavage of the corresponding N-arylacetyl derivatives using penicillin-G-acylase.

Abstract: A microorganism of the genus Escherichia incorporated with a hybrid plasmid, which have been inserted with a DNA fragment possessing genetic information related to L-histidine production and obtained from a mutant of the genus Escherichia, resistant to a histidine-analogue, produces L-histidine in a high yield.

Abstract: PhoA mutant E. coli SB44, prepared by mutation of E. coli HB101 with an N-nitroso compound, can be used to identify and isolate recombinant plasmids into which a phoA gene has been incorporated. These plasmids can be used to transform bacteria which can be cloned and incubated to provide alkaline phosphatase in high yield. Moreover, these plasmid vectors can be modified in various ways so that the N-terminal amino acid sequence of phoA is followed in reading phase by the DNA coding for some other protein. In turn, these new plasmids can be used to transform bacteria which can be cloned and incubated to produce fusion proteins comprising the desired other protein in high yield and outside of the cell membrane in the periplasmatic space.

Abstract: Microbiological methods, compositions and transformants are used for production of organic products for controlling cellular properties. Extrachromosomal elements are used which are subject to external modulation for production of a control element. The change in the amount of production of the control element allows for enhanced expression of a gene producing a poly(amino acid) product. The change in production of the control element allowing for enhanced gene expression of the product is accompanied by amplification of the product producing gene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel, broad bacterial host range small plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid rings which serve as cloning vehicles for DNA fragments, particularly those separated from other plasmid rings or from chromosones, recombined with the small plasmid rings and to the processes for recombining the plasmid rings and to processes for transferring them between host bacteria. In particular, the present invention relates to the aggregate plasmid ring RP1/pRO1600, to pRO1600 and plasmid ring derivatives thereof, particularly including pRO1601; pRO1613 and pRO1614, all of which are carried for reference purposes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692 (also known as strain PAO1c) and are on deposit at the Northern Regional Research Laboratories (NRRL) of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture at Peoria, Ill. The plasmid ring RP1 (also known as R1822) is deposited in Pseudomonas aeruginosa NRRL-B-12123 (and is a known plasmid ring). The pRO1600 portion of the aggregate is a new plasmid ring.

Abstract: A streptomycin dependent mutant of a microorganism of the genus Escherichia which contains a plasmid containing genetic information controlling streptomycin independence maintains its properties when cultured in a medium devoid of streptomycin. The plasmid may also contain genetic information controlling the production of a chemical compound by the microorganism. Fermentation cultures of such microorganisms in media devoid of streptomycin do not lose their industrially desirable ability to synthesize useful compounds.

Abstract: A bacterium which comprises a host of the genus Escherichia deficient in the enzyme tryptophanase carrying a plasmid with genetic information to control L-tryptophan production is useful for the fermentative production of L-tryptophan in high yields.

Abstract: Recombinant DNA transfer vectors containing codons for human somatomammotropin and for human growth hormone.

Abstract: A novel chemical compound, plasmid pUC1060, which was constructed from Streptomyces sp. 3022a chromosomal DNA and plasmid pBR322. Hybrid plasmid pUC1060 contains a functional tet gene promoter composed of streptomycete and E. coli DNA, and, thus, is useful as a cloning vehicle in recombinant DNA work. For example, using well known DNA methodology, a desired gene, for example, the insulin gene, can be inserted into pUC1060 and the resulting plasmid can then be transformed into a suitable host microbe which, upon culturing, produces the desired insulin.

Abstract: A novel chemical compound, plasmid pUC1031, which was constructed from Streptomyces sp. 3022a chromosomal DNA and plasmid pBR322. Hybrid plasmid pUC1031 contains a functional tet gene promoter composed of streptomycete and E. coli DNA, and, thus, is useful as a cloning vehicle in recombinant DNA work. For example, using well known DNA methodology, a desired gene, for example, the insulin gene, can be inserted into pUC1031 and the resulting plasmid can then be transformed into a suitable host microbe which, upon culturing, produces the desired insulin.

Abstract: DNA comprising the naturally occurring nucleotide sequence coding for amino acids 44-90 of .beta.-lipotropin and including the entire coding region for .beta.-endorphin with the exception of the C-terminal glutamine was modified, transferred to an expression transfer vector, and expressed as a fusion protein. The fusion protein was further modified in vitro to yield mature .beta.-endorphin. .beta.-endorphin was purified from a bacterial lysate. The structure and biological activity of the resulting product was proven by immunological assay, and by two independent assays designed to demonstrate biological activity.

Abstract: L-threonine is produced by incorporating into a recipient microorganism of the genus Escherichia which does not require L-threonine for growth, a plasmid, in which a deoxyribonucleic acid fragment which possesses genetic information relating to L-threonine synthesis obtained from a mutant resistant to .alpha.-amino-.beta.-hydroxy valeric acid of the genus Escherichia, has been inserted.

Abstract: An L-lysine producing microorganism which is obtained by incorporation into a host strain of the genus Escherichia of a hybrid plasmid having inserted therein a DNA fragment with genetic information controlling L-lysine production which is derived from a donor strain which is resistant to an L-lysine analogue, is useful for the production of high levels of L-lysine by fermentation.

Abstract: Novel chemical compounds, recombinant plasmids pUC1019 and pUC-1020, which are obtained by covalent linkage of ca. 4.2 kb BclI restriction endonuclease fragment of the Streptomyces espinosus plasmid pUC6 into the BamHI endonuclease site of the E. coli plasmid pBR322. Plasmid pUC1024 is obtained by restructuring plasmid pUC1019. These plasmids are useful as cloning vehicles in recombinant DNA work. For example, using DNA methodology, a desired gene, for example, the insulin gene, can be inserted into the plasmids and the resulting plasmids can then be transformed into a suitable host microbe which, upon culturing, produces the desired insulin.

Abstract: A novel chemical compound, plasmid pUC1021, which was constructed from Bacillus megaterium chromosomal DNA and plasmid pBR322. Hybrid plasmid pUC1021 contains a functional tet gene promoter, and, thus, is useful as a cloning vehicle in recombinant DNA work. For example, using well known DNA methodology, a desired gene, for example, the insulin gene, can be inserted into pUC1021 and the resulting plasmid can then be transformed into a suitable host microbe which, upon culturing, produces the desired insulin.

Abstract: Process for the production of citric acid, characterized in that E. Coli KG 93, F.sup.- is cultivated in a first step for 15-24 hours at a temperature of 20.degree.-37.degree. C. and a pH of 5.0-7.5 on a substrate consisting of whey permeate to which has been added phosphates in a content of 0.8-1.6 g/l and nitrates in a content of 0.8-1.2 g/l or a corresponding quantity of urea, that H. Wickerhamii CBS 4308 in a second step is cultivated for 20-26 hours at a temperature of 15.degree.-35.degree. C. and a pH of 4.5-6.5 on the cultivating solution from the first step, whereupon citric acid is obtained from the cultivating solution in a way known per se.

Abstract: A method of providing maximum frequencies of transduction with Escherichia coli strains, such as E. coli K12 .chi.1776, that are transduced poorly in the exponential growth phase, which comprises transducing the culture in the stationary phase of growth. E. coli K12 .chi.1776 strains modified by transduction using this method are useful as EK2 hosts for biological containment.

Abstract: The process for producing L-threonine consists in that there is cultivated a producer of L-threonine in the capacity of which is used the Escherichia coli strain VNIIgenetika M-1 deposited in the Central museum of commercial microorganisms under the All-Union Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Commercial Microorganisms at a registration No. IIMIIB-1856. The above strain has been selected on the basis of natural variability of the Escherichia coli strain VNIIgenetika VL 334/p YN7), obtained by virtue of the genetic engineering techniques through increasing the dose of mutant genes capable of a higher rate of L-threonine production, by introducing a multicopy hydrid plasmid carrying said genes, into a mutant recipient strain. The abovesaid producer is cultivated on a nutrient medium, containing sources of carbon, nitrogen, and some mineral salts in the presence of an antibiotic penicillin, the resultant biomass being then separated from the culture fluid, whereupon the end product is isolated.

Abstract: A method for the continuous culturing of microbes in a plug-flow reactor which comprises the steps of:A. supplying medium to microbes immobilized on a porous inorganic support at a rate sufficient to maintain such microbes substantially in a logarithmic growth stateandB. removing microbe-containing effluent from the immobilized microbes at a rate equal to the medium supply rate, wherein the microbes are selected from the group consisting of bacteria, yeasts, and fungus-like organisms; such reactor is operated continuously in a substantially plug-flow mode; the immobilized microbes are substantially covered by said medium; and such porous inorganic support has a controlled porosity such that at least 70% of the pores, on a pore size distribution basis, have a pore diameter,a. in the case of bacteria, at least as large as the smallest major dimension of the microbes but less than about five times the largest major dimension of the microbes;b.

Abstract: A glucocorticoid sparing factor (GSF) which amplifies liver enzyme induction which is caused in glucocorticoid and a process for the production of GSF are disclosed. GSF can be isolated from the culture broth of a microorganism of the Family Enterobacteriaceae.

Abstract: A selected portion of DNA molecules having reactant ends which are capable of being joined in a ligase catalyzed reaction are pretreated so a to remove the 5'-terminal phosphate groups. Such a treatment reduces the frequency of joining an undersired combination and enhances the frequency of joining the desired combination.

Abstract: Method and compositions are provided for replication and expression of exogenous genes in microorganisms. Plasmids or virus DNA are cleaved to provide linear DNA having ligatable termini to which is inserted a gene having complementary termini, to provide a biologically functional replicon with a desired phenotypical property. The replicon is inserted into a microorganism cell by transformation. Isolation of the transformants provides cells for replication and expression of the DNA molecules present in the modified plasmid. The method provides a convenient and efficient way to introduce genetic capability into microorganisms for the production of nucleic acids and proteins, such as medically or commercially useful enzymes, which may have direct usefulness, or may find expression in the production of drugs, such as hormones, antibiotics, or the like, fixation of nitrogen, fermentation, utilization of specific feedstocks, or the like.

Abstract: Microorganisms have been developed which may be characterized as possessing substantially all of the following qualities or capabilities:(a) capable of having foreign genetic information introduced thereinto and recovered therefrom along with its expression with production of useful gene products;(b) the microorganism being dependent for growth and survival upon defined conditions;(c) the microorganism being incapable of establishment or growth or colonization and/or survival under conditions or in ecological niches that are considered to be natural and/or undesirable for said microorganism;(d) the microorganism being capable of causing genetic information incorporated therein to undergo degradation under conditions or ecological niches that are considered to be natural and/or undesirable for said microorganism;(e) the microorganism being capable of permitting cloning vectors incorporated therein to be dependent for their replication, maintenance and/or function on said microorganism;(f) the microorganism bei

Abstract: An insolubilized antibody suitable for an enzyme immuno assay or radio immuno assay, which has characteristic infrared absorptions at around 1,040 cm.sup.-1, 1,540 cm.sup.-1 and 1,640 cm.sup.-1 and is prepared by chemically binding an antibody to cell wall debris of bacteria or yeasts whose shape is globular or rod-like. There is further disclosed an enzyme immuno assay or radio immuno assay using the insolubilized antibody and a kit containing the insolubilized antibody.