Abstract: Antibodies are raised against immunogens which include an aromatic ring moiety, preferably the compound 6-aminohexyl-p-tolylacetamide, which immunologically cross-react with small aliphatic organic compounds. These antibodies are useful in immunoassay methods for detecting a class of very small organic molecules such as 1,1-dihaloethylene and 1,1,2-trihaloethylene, whether alone or as a functional group on another molecule. Such antibodies and methods provide important tools for detecting significant environmental pollutants.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously monitoring the concentration of a target chemical in a solution, such as chlorine dioxide in sewage or waste water, includes a holding tank, a bubbler chamber, and an air pump for directing air bubbles through the solution held in the bubbler chamber. Gases discharged from the solution by the air bubbles are collected in the bubbler chamber. These discharged gases include a quantity of the target chemical present in the solution as a dissolved gas. The concentration of the chemical in the discharged gases is then measured with a sensor such as a polarographic probe. This concentration along with the measured temperature of the solution is used as an analog to determine the concentration of the chemical in the solution.

Abstract: An automated analysis system for the determination of impurities in a liquified hydrocarbon stream. The system employs a hydrocarbon capture vessel for capturing a hydrocarbon sample, a water scrubbing vessel for extracting impurities from the hydrocarbon sample and a titration zone for analyzing the amount of impurities in the aqueous extract.

Abstract: A test device and method of use for determination of aqueous halide ions is described. The device has a porous matrix containing a silver dichromate reagent that gives a colorimetric response in the presence of halide ions and a cationic substance that prevents the formation of silver oxide products. The cationic substance has no colorimetric response in the presence of halide ions that would interfere with the measurement of the colorimetric change of the silver dichromate reagent.

Abstract: Bromide ion content in a photographic developer is an important variable to be controlled by photoprocessors who process color reversal material or color negative film. The bromide content of such developers can be determined by titration with silver ion, using tetraiodophenolsulfonephthalein (TIPS) or other suitable adsorption indicator, after the developer has been acidified with an organic acid such as citric acid. This titrimetric method can be adapted for use in a test kit which is designed for use by photoprocessors who otherwise lack the chemical sophistication to readily conduct analysis by titration, or who have the necessary sophistication, but wish to gain the benefits and convenience available from use of a test kit specifically designed for conducting the analytical method.

Abstract: A heavy metal-free composition and its method of use in an ion selective electrode-based assay are disclosed. The heavy metal-free composition includes a borate compound and an alkalinity adjusting compound, and is used to dilute a test sample; buffer the test sample; and substantially reduce the effects of interferents present in the test sample on the ion selective electrode-based assay. The heavy metal-free composition and its method of use are especially useful in an ion selective electrode-based assay for carbonate ion concentration in a test sample, like blood serum, blood plasma, urine or cerebrospinal fluid.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the determination of the iodine content of drinking water by comparing the coloration of the water to be analyzed with that of an iodine reference solution in the presence of a fixed amount of cerium and arsenic.

Abstract: Air containing water-soluble oxidizing agents, usually predominantly hydrogen peroxide, is exposed in concurrent flow to water that may be acidified if the air contains interfering acidic reducing agents such as sulfur dioxide. After that exposure the gas is separated from the liquid and, if the stripping liquid has been acidified, it is then neutralized. The neutral stripping liquid containing the oxidizing agents is mixed and then reacted with an iodide solution in the presence of a catalyst, after which the reaction products are passed, as the cathode solution, through an electrochemical concentration cell which has an anode chamber filled with a concentrated iodide solution as an anode solution.

Abstract: An apparatus for quantitative determination of trihalomethanes comprises a separation unit containing two channels in contact with each other via a microporous membrane that will not react with trihalomethanes, a reaction unit for heating a carrier solution that has passed through the separation unit, a cooling unit for cooling the carrier solution that has undergone complete reaction; and a detection unit for determining the quantity of a fluorescent substance in the carrier solution. A method for quantitative determination of trihalomethanes comprises flowing a sample solution or a mixture thereof with a reducing agent through one of the two channels in the separation unit, flowing the carrier solution through the other channel, heating the carrier solution that has passed through the separation unit and to which an alkaline nicotinamide or a derivative thereof has been added, cooling the carrier solution, and subjecting the cooled solution to fluorimetry.

Abstract: Total carbon and organic carbon monitoring of water is useful in determining water quality. Conventional TOC monitoring techniques are not zero gravity compatible. Ion chromatography allows for a single phase zero gravity compatible TOC monitoring technique. The ion chromatograph determines the amounts of organic acids and carbonate present in an aqueous sample before and after oxidation. The quantities determined by this technique can be related to the total carbon and the total organic carbon present in the aqueous sample.

Abstract: The present invention is a single phase analysis process and apparatus which is zero gravity compatible and capable of detecting trace levels of organic halogens. The process utilizes a sorbent bed, oxidation chamber, and an ion chromatograph. Current technology does not allow determination of which organic halogens are present at trace levels. Additionally, the commonly utilized technique for monitoring organic halogens is a two phase analysis which is not zero gravity compatible.

Abstract: Contact lenses can be sterilized effectively in a short time, by using a kit for contact lens sterilization which comprises an oxidizing agent for sterilizing contact lenses and a reducing agent for making nontoxic the oxidizing agent still remaining after sterilization and wherein the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent each have such a property and form that they do not substantially react with each other in the kit and that when they are placed in water substantially simultaneously, the major portion of the oxidizing agent dissolves in water more rapidly than the major portion of the reducing agent. Further, with this kit, the sterilized contact lenses can be made nontoxic without fail.

Abstract: An apparatus for quantitative determination of trihalomethanes comprises a separation unit containing two channels in contact with each other via a microporous membrane that will not react with trihalomethanes, a reaction unit for heating a carrier solution that has passed through the separation unit, a cooling unit for cooling the carrier solution that has undergone complete reaction; and a detection unit for determining the quantity of a fluorescent substance in the carrier solution. A method for quantitative determination of trihalomethanes comprises flowing a sample solution or a mixture thereof with a reducing agent through one of the two channels in the separation unit, flowing the carrier solution through the other channel, heating the carrier solution that has passed through the separation unit and to which an alkaline nicotinamide or a derivative thereof has been added, cooling the carrier solution, and subjecting the cooled solution to fluorimetry.

Abstract: Procedure and apparatus for the continuous analysis of the chloride ion content of overhead waters downstream of a hydrocarbon distillation column for more effectively preventing hydrochloric acid corrosion of downstream equipment while avoiding over-neutralizing the overhead waters to the detriment of the hydrocarbon product. This procedure comprises the following operations, in the order given or in a different order:Drawing from the overhead waters a stream of water for analysis;removing from the sample so drawn the hydrocarbons as well as the suspended matter;blowing nitrogen into the sample to sweep away the hydrogen sulfide ans the residual hydrocarbons;oxidizing the S.sup.2- or HS.sup.- sulfide ions to sulfate ions;acidifying the sample;finally, measuring by ionometry, and more particularly by means of a combined electrode, the content of chloride ions present.

Abstract: A test device for colorimetric measurement of chlorine in disinfectant water comprising an iodometric reagent enclosed within a reducing fluid incorporated within a valved enclosure.

Abstract: The present invention relates, generally, to an apparatus and method for water testing and, more particularly, to a simple dipstick type method for use in comparison with a color chart and suggested courses of action to correct deficiencies in water quality. Briefly stated, a detailed color chart is attached to the side of a container having a plurality of dipsticks contained therein. Each dipstick has disposed thereon a plurality of pads, the total number corresponding to the number of characteristics of the water to be tested. Additionally disclosed is a course of corrective action which may be undertaken by the unskilled user thereby greatly simplifying the process by reducing it to its simplest factors.

Abstract: Method of measuring electrolyte concentration in a urine sample, by preparing a calibrating solution containing ions of the electrolytes to be measured, preparing a diluent containing the same ions, diluting the urine sample with the diluent, measuring the electrolyte in the diluted urine with an electrode using the calibrating solution, and calculating the concentration of electrolyte based on the measured value. Additionally, the concentration of the same electrolytes in a blood sample can be measured without dilution, using the same calibrating solution.

Abstract: A method for the determination of peroxide in a sample is disclosed which comprises reacting the peroxide with a chromogen represented by the general formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 represent amino, mono- or di- substituted amino, hydroxyl or hydroxyalkyl, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent hydrogen, alkyl, alkylene, acyl, halogen, sulphone, nitro, carboxyl, hydroxyl or hydroxyalkyl, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.6 represents hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, alkylene, aryl or mono- or di- substituted aryl, and --Z-- may change to --Z.dbd. by resonance and represents --S--, --O--, --N.dbd., ##STR3## wherein R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 have the same significance as R.sub.6 in the presence of heme compound, iodide or bromide and measuring the absorbancy of the reaction solution in the visible ray region.

Abstract: Preparation of an absorbent quantitative test device in the form of a flat patch. When placed on the skin of a subject, the device collects a fixed volume of sweat. It is particularly intended to be used in screen testing for cystic fibrosis by measuring the chloride level in sweat and providing a visual indication when the level is in excess of a predetermined concentration. A fill tab indicator undergoes a color change when the fixed volume of sweat has been collected signifying completion of the test. The device includes two concentric circular reaction areas of chemically treated absorbent paper or the like. The sweat sample is introduced into the device at the center of the first or inner circular reaction area which contains a chemical composition capable of reacting with all chloride in the sweat sample below a predetermined concentration value to screen out that amount of chloride.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are disclosed which can be used in the field (i.e., outside the laboratory environment) to determine qualitatively and at least semiquantitatively the presence or absence of minute quantities of ligand. The apparatus can be in the form of a strip comprising a support means provided with a groove intermediate its ends forming a crease line upon which the strip can be folded upon itself with bibulous elements and spaced from the crease line and arranged so that when the strip is folded upon itself the bibulous elements become aligned with each other and come into liquid contact.

Abstract: Method for monitoring changes in contaminant concentration levels between a feedwater inlet and a steam outlet in a steam generating system and system for detecting sources of contaminants in a steam generating system. The method includes a reliable means for detecting organic contaminants, chlorides, sulfides and nitrides. The invention also includes a method for determining whether the organic compounds are chlorinated, sulfinated or nitrogenated. The method is based on monitoring of ion concentration levels and cation exchanged conductivities in samples of feedwater and steam.

Abstract: A method for measuring chloride ion concentration in a sample of body fluid, e.g., serum or plasma is described in which a sample blank is made in the same cuvette after the test measurement has been made.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of 0.1-80% silver nitrate is effective to detect phosphrous segregates in a metallic material, particularly cast steel. Segregated phosphorus can be detected by etching a surface of steel to be tested, attaching test paper onto the steel surface, applying an aqueous solution of 0.1 to 80% by weight of silver nitrate to the paper, maintaining the paper in contact with the steel surface for a sufficient time, removing the paper from the steel surface, and subjecting the paper to fixing treatment. The solution may further comprise an amount of lower alkyl alcohol that is compatible with the silver nitrate in solution.

Abstract: A stable test device capable of manufacture by automated methods for the determination of chloride in an aqueous fluid sample. The test device operates by controlled diffusion of the aqueous sample into a porous matrix. The matrix is incorporated with sodium carrageenan and silver salts capable of dissolving in an aqueous fluid containing chloride, at least part of which silver salts is silver chromate. Devices prepared with the inclusion of sodium carrageenan provide a chloride test device with approximately double the shelf life under room temperature storage conditions of previous test devices prepared without sodium carrageenan. The stable test device provides useful information in less than about 2 minutes after the sample contacts the matrix. The chloride concentration of the sample is determined by comparing the pattern of silver chromate remaining after sample contact to an appropriate pattern chart.

Abstract: A halogen ion concentration in a solution is measured by bringing halogen ion-selective detection means comprising a silver/silver halide electrode, and a reference electrode into a solution whose halogen ion concentration is to be measured, and measuring an electromotive force of the halogen ion-selective detection means in the presence of silver ions dissolved in the solution. The electromotive force corresponds to the halogen ion concentration in the solution.

Abstract: Iodine-containing germicidal preparations are provided with assured control of the content of equilibrium iodine in aqueous solution to be between 1 and 20 ppm, preferably 2-15 ppm so as to provide predetermined germicidal activity. The invention further comprises the determination of the content of equilibrium iodine in an aqueous iodophor solution by subjecting such solution to several extractions with different amounts of a water immiscible solvent for iodine, determining the concentrations of the equilibrium iodine in each of the amounts of the water immiscible solvent and extrapolating the concentrations to a theoretical zero value which is a measure of the equilibrium iodine in the aqueous iodophor solution. The invention further comprises improved germicidal iodophor compositions comprising an iodophor, citric acid and iodate.

Abstract: An absorbent quantitative test device in the form of a flat patch. When placed on the skin of a subject; the device collects a fixed volume of sweat. It is particularly intended to be used in screen testing for cystic fibrosis by measuring the chloride level in sweat and providing a visual indication when the level is in excess of a predetermined concentration. A fill tab indicator undergoes a color change when the fixed volume of sweat has been collected signifying completion of the test. The device includes two concentric circular reaction areas of chemically treated absorbent paper or the like. The sweat sample is introduced into the device at the center of the first or inner circular reaction area which contains a chemical composition capable of reacting with all chloride in the sweat sample below a predetermined concentration value to screen out that amount of chloride.

Abstract: A method for measuring fluoride concentrations in a gas wherein a sample of the gas is mixed with an internal reference solution in a gas scrubber to form a fluoride-containing solution. The fluoride-containing solution is collected, and the concentration of fluoride ion is determined in a potentiometric apparatus. The apparatus includes a first electrode having a fluoride-sensitive element and a second electrode having an element sensitive to a halide ion other than fluoride ion. The improved method of the invention compensates for errors caused by evaporation of water from the gas scrubber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the colorimetric testing of non-opaque fluids that comprises compact test kit apparatus made from readily available plastic components, and sets of such test kits made even more compact by a combination of chemistries for certain tests that simplifies and improves the accuracy of those tests while reducing the number of test kits required in a set. The colorimeter component of each test kit provides non-opaque colored plastic windows made from readily available commercial materials that are accurately color controlled. The colorimeter also makes automatic correction of the color windows to compensate for any initial coloration in the fluid being tested. The colorimeter also serves as the container for one complete kit and allows a set of kits to hang from closely spaced hooks to conserve space and make them exceptionally convenient to use.

Abstract: A colorimetric assay method and reagent composition for the direct, quantitative determination of chloride in fluids which may be performed directly on non-deproteinized samples and which utilizes a reagent comprised of 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine, mercuric ions, ferrous ions, and a sulfate salt in a sulfate or sulfonate buffer at a selected pH in the range of about 1.5 to 3.0.

Abstract: A technique for determining and distinguishing between specific species of chlorine in a supply of water is disclosed herein along with certain applicable apparatus. In carrying out this technique, one or more water samples are obtained from a larger supply and made to display a pH within a specific range. In a preferred embodiment, a sample is provided for each of the different species of chlorine to be determined. A predetermined amount of hydrogen peroxide is added to each of these samples. If hypochlorous acid and/or hypochlorite (one of the species to be determined) is present in any of the samples, the hydrogen peroxide by itself will react therewith for producing oxygen. If however either monochloramine or dichloramine (other chlorine species) is present, it is necessary to combine the hydrogen peroxide with a certain minimum amount of iodine, preferably in the form of potassium iodide, to produce an oxygen evolving reaction.

Abstract: In a cartridge for removal of impurities from water, an elongated tube is charged, between water-permeable barriers, with ion exchange resin of a type capable of removal of bacteria from water. Outside one such barrier, an inlet cap is charged with water-soluble bactericide in a shelf-stable, water-activatable form. Preferably, the bactericide is sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid, in granular form.