Abstract: Solid-state electrodes comprising Redox Active Surface Areas for use in analyte sensing devices and various product platform devices.

Abstract: This invention relates to a chemical indicator for monitoring a vaporous hydrogen peroxide sterilization process. The chemical indicator comprises a reactive composition adhered to a substrate, the reactive composition comprising a transition metal reagent, an oxidizing agent, and a resin. A test pack containing the chemical indicator and a biological indicator is disclosed. Vaporous hydrogen peroxide sterilization processes using the chemical indicator and the test pack are disclosed.

Abstract: A spectroscopic detection system includes a sensor configured to reflect light of a first wavelength associated with a presence of a reference substance on the sensor and configured to reflect light of a second wavelength associated with a presence of a monitored substance on the sensor, wherein the monitored substance flows to the sensor from a circulating fluid. The spectroscopic detection system further includes a detector that has first and second channels for respectively receiving the light of the first and second wavelengths reflected from the sensor and one or more processors in electrical communication with the detector and configured to identify an excess condition of the monitored substance with respect to the circulating fluid based on a ratio of a second amount of the light of the second wavelength received at the detector to a first amount of the light of the first wavelength received at the detector.

Abstract: The present application describes embodiments of a radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensor based on a combinationof a surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducer and two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) or two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) conducting structure, and its use in chemical detection and (bio)molecular diagnostics. The SAW RFID sensor chip contains apiezoelectric substrate, on which a multilayer heterojunction structure is deposited. The heterojunction structure comprises atleast two layers, a buffer layer and a barrier layer, wherein both layers are grown from III-V single-crystalline or polycrystallinesemiconductor materials, such as GaN/AlGaN. Interdigitated transducers (IDTs) transducing SAWs are installed on top of thebarrier layer. A 2DEG or 2DHG conducting channel is formed at the interface between the buffer and barrier layers and provideselectron or hole current in the system between the non-ohmic (capacitively-coupled) source and drain contacts connected to the formed channel.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of determining energy balance in individuals such as exercising individuals, individuals consuming a 13C-enriched test composition and individuals consuming a fixed diet with a known ?13C. The ?13C pre- and post-exercise, or pre- and post-consumption of the test beverage or fixed diet indicate whether the individual is in neutral or positive energy balance, or in energy deficit. The methods are particularly useful for individuals participating in weight management programs, and individuals under the care of health care professionals.

Abstract: An exhaust gas processing system having excellent durability and good desulfurization and denitration efficiency is provided to efficiently recover carbon dioxide with high purity and reduced processing costs. The exhaust gas processing system has: a desulfurization unit removing sulfur oxides from the exhaust gas by the limestone-gypsum method; a denitration unit arranged downstream of the desulfurization unit to remove nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas; a carbon dioxide recovery arranged downstream of the denitration unit to recover carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas; and an oxygen supply unit supplying to the desulfurization unit with a faction of the recovered gas from the carbon dioxide recovery unit as oxygen source. An analyzer is used to monitor the purity and recovery ratio of the carbon dioxide recovered, and the supplied ratio of recovered gas is adjusted, based on the monitored purity and recovery ratio.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a respiratory stream can be provided by monitoring color change of a color change material to determine a CO2 level of the respiratory stream in contact with the color change material by emitting visible light onto the color change material. Related devices, systems, and compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The porous polymer compound has a three dimensional skeleton and pores and/or voids that are partitioned and formed by the three dimensional skeleton. The three dimensional skeleton comprises multiple sugar derivatives represented by formula (1) and multiple cations that interact with the hydroxyl groups and/or ether bonds of the sugar derivatives, and the three-dimensional skeleton is formed by each of the cations interacting with two or more sugar derivatives. Also provided are a method of separating a compound to be separated using the porous polymer compound; a single crystal of the porous polymer compound; a method of preparing a sample for crystal structure analysis using the single crystal; a method of determining a molecular structure of a compound to be analyzed using the sample for crystal structure analysis; and a method of determining an absolute configuration of a chiral compound using the sample for crystal structure analysis.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a system and method for providing an ARDS indication of a patient comprising a sampling device for obtaining a gas sample of the exhaled breath of a patient, a measuring unit for measuring a content of n-octane in the exhaled breath of a patient, a controller which is able to distinguish if the patient has or may develop ARDS based on the content of n-octane in the exhaled breath of a patient resulting in a ARDS indication of the patient and provided with a protocol for providing output regarding the ARDS indication of the patient, and a user interface for indicating the ARDS indication to a user.

Abstract: A water quality analysis instrument for performing a blowback operation and a non-volatile total organic carbon analysis operation in sequence. When the blowback operation is performed, a previous residual gas within a water sample analyzer is discharged. When the non-volatile total organic carbon analysis operation is performed, the water sample flows between an accommodating space and an UV light providing module in a circulating manner, so that the non-volatile total organic carbon in the water sample is nearly completely oxidized, so that the water sample analyzer can analyze a content of non-volatile total organic carbon in the water sample accurately.

Abstract: A separation medium consisting of a cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) for separating aromatic compounds and methods of preparing the same are presented. Bottom-up preparations include the following steps: (a) preparing a first mixture comprising a cyclodextrin, an alkali metal salt, water and an alcohol; (b) performing one of the following two steps: (i) stirring the first mixture; or (ii) adding an amount of a surfactant to the first mixture to form a second mixture; and (c) crystallizing the CD-MOF from the first mixture or the second mixture. Top-down preparations include the following steps: (a) preparing a first mixture comprising the cyclodextrin, an alkali metal salt, water and an alcohol; (b) crystallizing the CD-MOF from the first mixture; and (c) optionally performing particle size reduction of the crystallized CD-MOF. The CD-MOFs are amenable for use in methods for separating alkylaromatic and haloaromatic compounds from a mixture of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A gas-sensing apparatus with a self-powered microheater to reduce power usage and enhance efficiency when determining a presence of one or more gases in an air sample is provided. The gas-sensing apparatus includes a substrate, a sensing layer coupled to the substrate, and a heater element connected to the sensing layer and having at least one sheet. The sheet is made from a homogenous mixture of zinc powder and activated carbon. Oxygen from ambient air interacts with zinc ions in the zinc powder in an exothermic reaction to generate heat energy for use in heating the sensing layer to a desired temperature, thereby permitting the sensing layer at the desired temperature to detect the presence or ratio of the one or more gases in the air sample.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for accelerating the equilibration of a fluid, typically the reference fluid of an analyzer, are provided, the surface of the fluid being in contact with a gas phase. The device can include a cassette, which can be exchangeably inserted into an analyzer and which holds at least one flexible, gas-tight bag, in which the fluid and the gas phase are accommodated. The cassette or the analyzer can include at least one transmitting element, which can be caused to vibrate and which mechanically contacts the flexible bag in order to input mechanical energy into the liquid in at least one wall region.

Abstract: Chemical indicators for acidic or basic gases include an inert, porous substrate, an indicator dye or mixture of dyes contained within at least some of the pores of the inert, porous substrate, and an inert adhesive layer attached to the inert, porous substrate. The porous substrate may be a microporous substrate.

Abstract: Gas masks and canisters for gas masks have a chemical sorbent that protects the respiratory system of the wearer from gaseous compounds. The remaining service indication systems for respiratory protections systems provide a warning to the wearer that the capacity of the chemical sorbent to adsorb or absorb further compounds is nearly depleted. A remaining service life indication system has a computer memory device for storing information concerning the canister for determining an end of the service life of a gas mask, a canister and/or a cartridge and such devices from the input of various sensors.

Abstract: A method for measuring bromate ions includes: an adding step of adding a fluorescent substance whose fluorescence intensity changes by the coexistence of bromate ions to sample water; a measuring step of measuring the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent substance; a difference calculating step of calculating a difference between the fluorescence intensity measured and a reference fluorescence intensity of reference sample water that contains no bromate ion; and a concentration calculating step of calculating bromate ion concentration from the calculated fluorescence intensity difference. The measuring step includes a step of measuring the fluorescence intensity at any one of a case where an excitation wavelength is 264 nm and an emission wavelength is 400 nm, a case where the excitation wavelength is 264 nm and the emission wavelength is 480 nm, and a case where the excitation wavelength is 300 nm and the emission wavelength is 400 nm.

Abstract: An analytical test cartridge is provided. The analytical test cartridge can be used for medical analyses of liquid samples removed from a patient, for example blood. The analytical test cartridge is configured to provide for titration experiments. An example of a titration experiment that can be performed with the arrangement, is titration of heparin with protamine. Methods of assembly and use are provided.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] Provided are a diagnostic agent for determining the onset of an irritable bowel syndrome and a method for determining the onset of an irritable bowel syndrome using the diagnostic agent. [Solution] The diagnostic agent is one for detecting abnormal proliferation of enterobacteria in a patient suspected to be suffering from an irritable bowel syndrome and containing a compound that is decomposed by enterobacteria and is labeled with a carbon isotope.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, a method includes determining an amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in dialysate flowing through a dialysis system using a CO2 sensor associated with the dialysis system, determining, using a pH sensor associated with the dialysis system, a pH level of the dialysate, and calculating a level of bicarbonate in the dialysate based at least in part on the determined amount of CO2 measured in the gas and the determined pH level of the dialysate.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, devices and compositions useful for providing evidence whether or not an intravascular conduit is correctly positioned in a blood vessel of a living subject, in some embodiments related to administration, through an intravascular conduit, of an indicator precursor such as bicarbonate, and monitoring for the presence of an indicator in the exhaled breath of the subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for qualifying material for using in the cleaning of alkylene oxide equipment. Qualified material is not expected to contribute to the formation of determinable amounts of alkylene oxide by-products. Methods of cleaning alkylene oxide equipment, and alkylene oxide processes incorporating these methods are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention includes a sensing device and method detecting the presence of a chemical analyte, comprising: a surface; a continuous or discontinuous terbium(III)-triphenylphosphine oxide coordination polymer layer deposited on the surface, wherein the polymer layer is porous; and a luminescence detector, wherein one or more analytes that interact with the polymer layer luminesce at distinct wavelengths unique to each analyte.

Abstract: The compositions and methods relate to an organic polymer-inorganic particle sensor material for detecting analytes. Interactions between the polymer and the particles are affected by the presence of analyte, which displaces the polymer and increases its free volume. This change in free volume can be detected, e.g., using an embedded piezoresistive microcantilever (EPM) sensor. Analytes that can be detected include noxious substances, such as hydrogen cyanide gas and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: Implementations and techniques for sensing hydroxyl radicals in ozone washing systems are generally disclosed. In some examples, the disclosure describes an ozone washing system having an ozone reservoir coupled to a washing machine and a control unit configured to direct the insertion of ozone from the ozone reservoir to the washing machine based on sensed hydroxyl radical levels in fluid samples from the washing machine.

Abstract: A chemical indicator having a particulate inorganic substrate, and at least one reactive dye or ink coated on and/or impregnated within the particulate inorganic substrate. Coating and/or impregnating at least one reactive dye or ink on or within a particulate inorganic substrate improves the storage stability and/or thermal stability of the at least one reactive dye or ink, which typically includes relatively unstable compounds. This allows the present indicators to be incorporated into thermoplastic polymer materials and processed conventionally while maintaining the efficacy and stability of the new indicators. The indicators provide simple, reliable, and cost effective detection means for detecting analytes such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, and oxygen, and may find use in applications such as food packaging and medical applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally a method and apparatus for measuring multiple parameters in-situ in a sample collected from an environmental system via a single device. In one embodiment, the method includes collecting the sample from said environmental system via the single device, measuring a first parameter of the sample in-situ via the single device, adding a reagent tot the sample within the single device to create a reagent infused sample and measuring a second parameter of the sample in-situ via the single device using the reagent infused sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatus and methods to determine real-time total carbon content, non-inclusive of carbon dioxide, and/or solid carbon content of engine exhaust. For a total carbon content determination, substantially all carbon dioxide is removed from the exhaust, and thereafter substantially all the remaining carbon of the exhaust is oxidized to provide a quantity of carbon dioxide which then may be used to determine total carbon content of the exhaust. For solid carbon content determination, in addition to substantially all carbon dioxide being removed from the exhaust, substantially all carbon-containing non-solid substances are also removed from the exhaust, and thereafter substantially all the remaining carbon of the exhaust is oxidized to provide a quantity of carbon dioxide which then may be used to determine solid carbon content of the exhaust.

Abstract: An integrated circuit arrangement (100) is disclosed comprising a substrate (210); and a gas such as a CO2 sensor comprising spatially separated electrodes including at least an excitation electrode (132) and a sensing electrode (142); a volume (120) in contact with said pair of electrodes, said volume including a chemical compound for forming a reaction product with said gas in an acid-base reaction; a signal generator (212) conductively coupled to the excitation electrode and adapted to provide the excitation electrode with a microwave signal; and a signal detector (214) conductively coupled to the sensing electrode and adapted to detect a change in said microwave signal caused by a permittivity change in said volume, said permittivity change being caused by said reaction product. A device comprising such an IC arrangement and a method of sensing the presence of a gas using such an IC arrangement are also disclosed.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for gas filtration and detection devices. Example devices may include a graphene membrane and a sensing device. The graphene membrane may be perforated with a plurality of discrete pores having a size-selective to enable one or more molecules to pass through the pores. A sensing device may be attached to a supporting permeable substrate and coupled with the graphene membrane. A fluid mixture including two or more molecules may be exposed to the graphene membrane. Molecules having a smaller diameter than the discrete pores may be directed through the graphene pores, and may be detected by the sensing device. Molecules having a larger size than the discrete pores may be prevented from crossing the graphene membrane. The sensing device may be configured to identify a presence of a selected molecule within the mixture without interference from contaminating factors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for producing CO2, N2 and/or SO2 from a sample for a quantitative analysis of the sample, comprising a reactor structure and metals acting in an oxidizing manner or metal oxides in the reactor. According to the invention, the reactor structure has at least two zones through which the sample can flow, which is to say a first zone with reactor metal and reservoir metal, or only reactor metal, and following the first zone, a second zone with reactor metal and reservoir metal, or only reservoir metal, wherein both metals can form oxides, and wherein the ratio of the reactor metal to the reservoir metal in the first zone is greater than in the second zone.

Abstract: A method for measuring bromate ions includes: an adding step of adding a fluorescent substance whose fluorescence intensity changes by the coexistence of bromate ions to sample water; a measuring step of measuring the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent substance; a difference calculating step of calculating a difference between the fluorescence intensity measured and a reference fluorescence intensity of reference sample water that contains no bromate ion; and a concentration calculating step of calculating bromate ion concentration from the calculated fluorescence intensity difference. The measuring step includes a step of measuring the fluorescence intensity at any one of a case where an excitation wavelength is 264 nm and an emission wavelength is 400 nm, a case where the excitation wavelength is 264 nm and the emission wavelength is 480 nm, and a case where the excitation wavelength is 300 nm and the emission wavelength is 400 nm.

Abstract: A portable electronic device contains a chemical sensor being sensitive to at least one analyte and a trigger sensor. A signal supplied by the trigger sensor is monitored. Subject to the signal of the trigger sensor a chemical sensor reading is taken for detecting one or more of a presence and a concentration of the at least one analyte in a gas supplied to the chemical sensor.

Abstract: The disclosure provides sensor for gas sensing including CO2 gas sensors comprising a porous framework sensing area for binding an analyte gas.

Abstract: Provided herein are pharmaceutically acceptable sodium nitrite and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Also provided herein are methods for determining the total non-volatile organic carbon in a sodium nitrite-containing sample. Further provided herein are methods for producing pharmaceutically acceptable sodium nitrite. Still further provided herein are methods of treatment comprising the administration of pharmaceutically acceptable sodium nitrite.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a respiratory stream can be provided by monitoring color change of a color change material to determine a CO2 level of the respiratory stream in contact with the color change material by emitting visible light onto the color change material. Related devices, systems, and compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a respiratory stream can be provided by monitoring color change of a color change material to determine a CO2 level of the respiratory stream in contact with the color change material by emitting visible light onto the color change material. Related devices, systems, and compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a gas sensor, including: a gas collecting chamber including: (a) a nanoporous wall including alumina, on a portion of the gas collecting chamber in the near vicinity of the solid propellant fuel; a micro pump attached to the gas collecting chamber; and a gas analysis device connected to the gas collecting chamber. The gas analysis device measures both type and concentration of gases collected in the gas collecting chamber via the nanoporous wall, the gases measured being selected from the group consisting of CO, CO2, NO, N2O, NO2 and combinations thereof. The present disclosure also relates to a method of sensing propellant degradation in solid fuel and a method of using a gas collecting chamber to sense such degradation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for measuring the gastric acidity of a mammal using a 13C-labeled carbonate compound. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for measuring the gastric acidity of a mammal including the following steps: (1) using, as a test sample, expired air of a mammalian subject excreted at any point in time within 30 minutes after oral administration of a predetermined amount of a 13C-labeled carbonate compound, measuring behavior of 13CO2 in the expired air; (2) comparing the behavior of 13CO2 (measured 13CO2 behavior) obtained in step (1) with the behavior of corresponding 13CO2 (reference 13CO2 behavior) that has been obtained beforehand in a control mammal; and (3) determining the gastric acidity of the mammalian subject based on a difference between the reference 13CO2 behavior and the measured 13CO2 behavior obtained above.

Abstract: A chemical indicator or ink, and methods for manufacture thereof, comprises at least one carbon dioxide-sensitive reactive dye which is capable of detecting changes in carbon dioxide concentration in a fluid under fluid and/or gas phase pressure of carbon dioxide above approximately (1) bar. The present chemical indicators or inks are useful in the monitoring of relatively high carbon dioxide pressure environments, such as in carbonated drinks. The present invention also relates to containers for holding a carbonated liquid, and closures therefore, comprising a carbon dioxide indicator or a carbon dioxide-sensitive ink, wherein the carbon dioxide indicator and/or the ink comprises at least one carbon dioxide-sensitive reactive dye which is capable of detecting changes in carbon dioxide concentration in a fluid under fluid and/or gas phase pressure of carbon dioxide above approximately (1) bar.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for the detection of a peroxide-based explosive, in particular, triacetone triperoxide (TATP), which is based on a molecular controlled semiconductor resistor (MOCSER) and composed of at least one insulating or semi-insulating layer, at least one conducting semiconductor layer, two conducting pads and a layer of multifunctional organic molecules capable of adsorbing molecules of the peroxide-based explosive. The invention further provides an array of semiconductor devices for the selective detection of a peroxide-based explosive, as well as a method for the selective detection of vapors of a peroxide-based explosive in a gaseous mixture using this array.

Abstract: Provided is a method of analyzing a formation and a phase transition characteristic of amorphous calcium carbonate that may adjust a preferred orientation in crystalline calcium carbonate as well as an amorphous state of calcium carbonate using a water-soluble material containing an amino acid in an operation of forming calcium carbonate. It is possible to handle issues of a limit of a sampling and a standard pattern of an analysis scheme in in vitro calcium carbonate crystallization test by adjusting a holding time of amorphous calcium carbonate or a preferred orientation of a crystal calcium carbonate when forming calcium carbonate using a water-soluble material containing an amino acid. Further, it is possible to verify further characteristics of elements that adjust a formation of a biological material, which may be used for a synthesis of a new material in tissue engineering as well as for an biomineralizaton process.

Abstract: A chemical indicator comprises a particulate inorganic substrate, and at least one reactive dye or ink coated on and/or impregnated within the particulate inorganic substrate. Coating and/or impregnating at least one reactive dye or ink on or within a particulate inorganic substrate improves the storage stability and/or thermal stability of the at least one reactive dye or ink, which typically comprises relatively unstable compounds. This allows the present indicators to be incorporated into thermoplastic polymer materials and processed conventionally while maintaining the efficacy and stability of the new indicators. The indicators provide simple, reliable, and cost effective detection means for detecting analytes such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, and oxygen, and may find use in applications such as food packaging and medical applications.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, a method includes determining an amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in dialysate flowing through a dialysis system using a CO2 sensor associated with the dialysis system, determining, using a pH sensor associated with the dialysis system, a pH level of the dialysate, and calculating a level of bicarbonate in the dialysate based at least in part on the determined amount of CO2 measured in the gas and the determined pH level of the dialysate.

Abstract: A high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) capable of performing as a CO2 or O2 sensor is disclosed, hi one implementation, a polymer solar cell can be connected to the HEMT for use in an infrared detection system. In a second implementation, a selective recognition layer can be provided on a gate region of the HEMT. For carbon dioxide sensing, the selective recognition layer can be, in one example, PEI/starch. For oxygen sensing, the selective recognition layer can be, in one example, indium zinc oxide (IZO). In one application, the HEMTs can be used for the detection of carbon dioxide and oxygen in exhaled breath or blood.

Abstract: This invention is a method and apparatus for monitoring the concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in water by means of conductivity. It distinguishes between the conductivity resulting from carbon dioxide and the conductivity resulting from other constituents dissolved in water. It can be used to monitor the quality of demineralized water, boiler feedwater, steam, or condensate in electric power generation and other industrial facilities. It is constructed by adding a column containing weak base anion exchange resin and a conductivity instrument to a typical cation conductivity monitor. A sample of the water to be monitored flows first through a typical cation conductivity monitor, then through a weak base anion exchange column, and then through an additional conductivity instrument.

Abstract: A semiconductor die includes a chemical sensor, a digital to analog converter, and microcontroller formed therein. The chemical sensor detects the presence of a chemical and outputs an analog signal to the digital to analog converter. The analog to digital converter converts the analog signal to a digital signal. The analog to digital converter outputs the digital signal to the microcontroller. Microcontroller calculates a value of the concentration of the selected chemical.

Abstract: A method that uses an (DOPC) surfactant based biofilm that reacts with a material in a known manner, and a device that utilizes such a biofilm, to detect a material of interest is provided. The principles of the present invention are particularly useful in detecting/measuring a material that is harmful to a human or to property.

Abstract: Vapochromic coordination polymers useful for analyte detection are provided. The vapochromism may be observed by visible color changes, changes in luminescence, and/or spectroscopic changes in the infrared (IR) signature. One or more of the above chromatic changes may be relied upon to identify a specific analyte, such as a volatile organic compound or a gas. The chromatic changes may be reversible to allow for successive analysis of different analytes. The polymer has the general formula MW[M?X(Z)Y]N wherein M and M? are the same or different metals capable of forming a coordinate complex with the Z moiety; Z is selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides, thiolates, alkoxides and amides; W is between 1-6; X and Y are between 1-9; and N is between 1-5. One embodiment provides [Metal(CN)2]-based coordination polymers with vapochromic properties, such as Cu[Au(CN)2]2 and Zn[Au(CN)2]2 polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed are cyclodextrin-based metal organic frameworks comprising a metal cation and cyclodextrin or a cyclodextrin derivative. These metal organic frameworks are permanently porous and capable of molecule storage.

Abstract: An energy content meter can spectroscopically quantify oxidation products after oxidation of a combustible mixture. The measured oxidation product concentrations or mole fractions can be converted to an energy content of the un-oxidized combustible mixture using a conversion factor that relates oxygen consumption during oxidation of the combustible mixture to the energy content of the combustible mixture.