Abstract: A method for metering a reagent into a flowing medium includes adjusting a quantity of a reagent to be metered per unit of time into a flowing medium as a function of a thickness of a reaction zone in a catalytically active material. An apparatus for metering a reagent into a flowing medium includes a control unit, a device associated with the control unit for detecting a thickness of a reaction zone, and a metering device associated with the control unit for introducing a reagent into a flowing medium upstream of a catalytic converter as seen in flow direction of the medium. The control unit adjusts a quantity of the reagent to be metered into the flowing medium per unit of time by the metering device, as a function of a thickness of the reaction zone.

Abstract: A method for detecting the performance reduction of an exhaust gas purification catalyst by examining the temperature of an exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst, necessary for the activation of the catalyst. This method enables accurate detection of the performance reduction of an exhaust gas purification catalyst without conducting a constant-speed vehicle operation for a long time.

Abstract: A calorimeter includes sample and reference cells, a thermal shield surrounding these cells, a heating device thermally coupled to the thermal shield, temperature sensors for monitoring a temperature of the shield and a temperature differential between the shield and the cells, and a control system. The control system has an output line connected to the heating device and input lines to receive signals from the temperature sensors. The control system is configured to generate on its output line an output signal which is a function of both the input signals received on its input lines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining at least one petroleum characteristic of a geologic sediment sample heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and an oxidizing atmosphere. The sample is heated to a first temperature value below 200.degree. C. for a predetermined period of time and then to a second temperature value ranging between 600 and 850.degree. C. according to a temperature gradient between 0.2.degree. C. and 50.degree. C./min. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are continuously measured during the temperature stages in order to determine at least one petroleum characteristic, wherein said petroleum characteristic comprises a quantity of organic oxygen, inorganic oxygen, total organic carbon, or inorganic carbon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and device for detecting surface plasmons. According to the invention, the surface plasmons are excited by radiation energy in a thin material layer and, on decaying, release heat producing a temperature rise in the material layer. To simplify the detection of the surface plasmons technically and at the same time especially to attain a good lateral and temporal resolution, an electro-thermal sensor allocated to the material layer measures a parameter of the layer in the irradiation region at the same time as the temperature rise and emits a signal corresponding to that parameter. An ultra-thin-film thermometer is, in particular, used to detect the surface plasmons. The process and device are applicable especially to the field of bio and immuno sensory analysis.

Abstract: A method of evaluating at least on type of pollution characteristic in a soil sample contaminated by hydrocarbon compounds, a method wherein the soil sample is first heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, then in an oxidizing atmosphere. The method comprises several temperature rise stages from which at least five quantities Q.sub.0, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 are measured, wherein the quantities represent concentrations of hydrocarbon compounds in the soil sample. At least one type of pollution characteristic of the sample is determined from quantities Q.sub.0, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4.

Abstract: The heating value of a sample gas is calculated by a microcontroller from the heating value of a reference gas, and from flow ratios determined as the gas is consumed by catalytic combustion. The combustible gas is mixed with a combustion supporting gas, such as air, and flowed to a catalytic apparatus. In one embodiment, a molar flow meter is connected in the supply line for the combustible gas to measure the molar flow rate of a reference gas and a sample gas. Molar flow rates of the reference gas and the sample gas are determined at maximum temperature of combustion of the gas. In a preferred embodiment, a valve chamber is charged with a gas to a predetermined pressure and then discharged. During the discharge cycle, the apparatus senses the maximum temperature of combustion which corresponds to the point of optimum fuel-to-air ratio for catalytic combustion.

Abstract: Method of testing inert displaceable diluents used in forming shaped hydrogel articles such as soft contact lenses prepared by the steps of:(1) molding or casting a polymerization mixture including:(a) a monomer mixture having a major proportion of one or more hydrophilic monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and one or more cross-linking monomers; and(b) an inert, displaceable diluent chosen from:(i) ethoxylated alkyl glucoside;(ii) ethoxylated bisphenol A;(iii) polyethylene glycol;(iv) mixture of propoxylated and ethoxylated alkyl glucoside;(v) single phase mixture of ethoxylated or propoxylated alkyl gtucoside and C.sub.2-12 dihydric alcohol;(vi) adduct of .epsilon.-caprolactone and C.sub.2-6 alkanediols and triols;(vii) ethoxylated C.sub.3-6 alkanetriol; and(viii) mixtures of one or more of (i) through (vii),under conditions to polymerize the monomer mixture to produce a shaped gel of a copolymer of the monomers and the diluent; and(2) thereafter replacing the diluent with water.

Abstract: A transition metal oxide based calorimetric non-methane hydrocarbon sensor (100) is constructed by disposing a transition metal based catalyst (105), preferably chromium oxide (Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3), onto a carrier (101). A temperature measurement device (103) is positioned thermally coupled to the transition metal based catalyst (105). A preferred application includes sensing non-methane heavy hydrocarbons in an automotive exhaust gas stream (803) by exposing a transition metal oxide catalyst based sensor (805) to the exhaust gas stream (803) and providing a signal (811) indicative of a concentration of non-methane heavy hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide (CO). Then, exposing a compensating sensor (807) to the same exhaust gas stream (803) and providing a compensating signal (813) indicative of a concentration of carbon monoxide (CO). By combining the signal (811) and the compensating signal (813), a measure of non-methane heavy hydrocarbons can be provided.

Abstract: Methods of screening for colorectal cancer by measuring levels of HC gp-39 are provided. Methods of monitoring patients with colorectal cancer are also provided. In addition, kits for detection of HC gp-39 useful in screening for and monitoring of colorectal cancer in a patient are provided.

Abstract: A pulsed measurement technique for calorimetric sensors provides a short current pulse through catalyzed and inert sensor elements to minimize self heating while providing for sensor resistance measurement, so that a determination of the level of catalytic activity at the surface of the catalyzed element may be made for sensing the concentration of combustible elements of automotive internal combustion engine exhaust gas. Exhaust gas temperature measurement is provided by monitoring the inert element resistance. Exhaust gas flow rate measurement is provided by heating the inert element for a short heating period, and then removing the heat source while monitoring the time rate of return to the known initial inert element temperature.

Abstract: A method for measuring the heat of reaction resulting from the mixture of a plurality of reagents comprising the steps of providing a first reagent into a compartment; providing a second reagent into the compartment so as to mix the second reagent with the first reagent within the compartment; withdrawing a predetermined amount of the mixed first and second reagents from the compartment; depositing the withdrawn predetermined amount of the mixed first and second reagents back into the compartment; generating electrical signals based on the heat of reaction of the mixed first and second reagents; and deriving data indicative of the heat of reaction based on the electrical signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the temperature profile of a surface exhibiting spatial and/or temporal variations in temperature, e.g., the surface of a machine or a biological system, is disclosed. The inventive method involves forming a layer of chemiluminescent material in thermal contact with the surface. The chemiluminescent activity is selected to be a function of temperature by suitable dye choices. The resulting luminescence is detected.

Abstract: A method for metering a reagent into a flowing medium includes adjusting a quantity of a reagent to be metered per unit of time into a flowing medium as a function of a thickness of a reaction zone in a catalytically active material. An apparatus for metering a reagent into a flowing medium includes a control unit, a device associated with the control unit for detecting a thickness of a reaction zone, and a metering device associated with the control unit for introducing a reagent into a flowing medium upstream of a catalytic converter as seen in flow direction of the medium. The control unit adjusts a quantity of the reagent to be metered into the flowing medium per unit of time by the metering device, as a function of a thickness of the reaction zone.

Abstract: Analytical apparatus includes a pyroelectric or other thermo-electric transducer element (10) in strip form. Thin film electrodes (12,14) are provided and one or more dots of reagent (16) are deposited on the transducer surface. A small amount of biological or other sample is deposited over the reagent dots which undergo selective colorimetric changes. The transducer is illuminated from below by LED light sources (24) and light absorption in the reagent regions is detected as microscopic heating at the transducer surface. The electrical signal output from the pyroelectric transducer is processed to derive analyte information.

Abstract: A method for rapidly collecting kinetic rate data from a temperature scanning reactor for chemical reactions. The method, which is particularly useful for studying catalytic reactions, involves ramping (scanning) of the input temperature to a reactor and recording of output conversion and bed temperature without waiting for isothermal steady state to be established.

Abstract: Process and device for determining para content X.sub.1 of a hydrogen gas stream, in which temperature T.sub.1 as well as pressure p.sub.1 of the hydrogen gas stream are measured before its entry into at least adiabatically-operated para-ortho-conversion catalyst. The hydrogen gas stream flows through the para-ortho-conversion catalyst until equilibrium is established. Thereafter, temperature T.sub.2 as well as pressure p.sub.2 of the hydrogen gas stream are measured after the hydrogen gas exits from the para-ortho-conversion catalyst or are measured after the last of the latter exits the catalyst. Para content X.sub.1 of the hydrogen gas stream, at the instant before entering the para-ortho-conversion catalyst, is determined by relations h.sub.1 (X.sub.1, T.sub.1, p.sub.1)=h.sub.2 (X.sub.2, T.sub.2, p.sub.2) and X.sub.2 =X.sub.g (T.sub.2) in equilibrium, in which h.sub.1 is the enthalpy of the hydrogen gas stream at the inlet of the para-ortho-conversion catalyst and h.sub.

Abstract: A calorimetric measuring apparatus is provided with a decomposition vessel whose interior is configured as a reaction chamber and which can be tightly sealed, the decomposition vessel being removably arranged inside a jacket, and having at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature reached inside the decomposition vessel. Characteristic of the measuring apparatus is that the jacket has a measuring vessel which accommodates the decomposition vessel; at least some areas of the wall zone of this measuring vessel comprise a heat-conductive material; the inner walls of this measuring vessel are spaced from the outer walls of the decomposition vessel, thereby forming an interspace in which a gaseous intermediate medium is provided; and the measuring apparatus has at least a second temperature sensor for measuring the temperature change establishing itself in the heat-conductive wall zone of the measuring vessel.

Abstract: There is presented a time-temperature indicator capsule comprising a cyliical tube having a closed end and an open end, a cap for connection to and removal from the open end to close and open the tube, and a solution in the tube which is reactive to accumulated temperature and time exposure. There is presented an indicator capsule wherein the solution comprises bacterial spores; a system including the capsule, a pipetting device, and an agar plate for providing a count of the surviving spores to, in turn, provide an indication of the aggregate thermal effect on the solution. There is still further presented methods for determining when food processed under high temperature conditions attains a selected low level of microbial population, the methods utilizing, respectively, the above systems.

Abstract: A method for rapidly collecting kinetic rate data from a temperature scanning reactor for chemical reactions. The method, which is particularly useful for studying catalytic reactions, involves ramping (scanning) of the input temperature to a reactor and recording of output conversion and bed temperature without waiting for isothermal steady state to be established.

Abstract: A method of determining the concentrations of at least two of plural kinds of known free acids and ions contained in a solution, wherein these known free acids and ions are known beforehand to be different from each other in temperature changes and conductivity changes which are to occur in response to a titrant. The method includes a step of generating a differential temperature curve and an electric conductivity curve, which are obtained from a thermometric titration and a conductometric titration respectively and are used complementarily so that an end point which is hardly ascertained by one method of titration may be ascertained by the other method.

Abstract: The process of preparing higher aluminum alkyls by olefin chain growth on alkyl aluminum is improved by using on-line flow-through calorimetry to determine the aluminum concentration of a process stream, such as the aluminum alkyl feed stream, by reacting a sample portion of the process stream with a molar excess of alcohol and measuring the change in temperature. The aluminum concentration of the stream can then be adjusted as required to maintain it within a selected range.

Abstract: A microcalorimeter includes instrumentation for reducing measurement errors due to system fluctuations. One or more sensors is utilized to detect heat content of a sample gas, and create a composition independent system. Instrumentation for automatically compensating for pressure and temperature variations is also employed in the microcalorimeter. A method for continuously measuring the BTU content of a gas utilizing the microcalorimeter includes steps for adjusting system parameters in response to changes in ambient conditions and sample gas composition to further reduce measurement error.

Abstract: A flow cell for calorimetric measurements comprises a body (2) with at least one flow channel (3), which extends between an inlet opening (4) and an outlet opening (5), and a thermoelectric detector (16) for monitoring temperature changes, which occur during chemical or biochemical processes in a measuring volume (17). The measuring volume (17) is arranged in close vicinity of the outlet opening (5). The body (2) of the flow cell (1) has a good thermal conductivity of a magnitude such, that a fluid flowing through the flow channel (3) is thermostatizised prior to entering the measuring volume (17) solely by flowing through the flow channel (3) and free of any external thermostatization means. Thus, a flow cell is provided, which is capable of self-thermostatizing a fluid flowing therethrough.

Abstract: A method is provided for evaluating the catalytic activity of carbonaceous chars via the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in contact with such materials. In this method the rise in temperature occasioned by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide under essentially adiabatic conditions is monitored as a function of time. By use of this method, carbonaceous chars having high catalytic activities may be rapidly and conveniently identified.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for the measurement of total organic carbon and total inorganic and organic content of water are described. A novel combination of an acidification module, and inorganic carbon removal module based on a carbon dioxide selective gas permeable membrane, and oxidation reaction system which incorporates in-situ generation of oxidizing agents, coupled with catalyzed photo-oxidation of organic compounds to form carbon dioxide, and a high sensitivity, conductometric detector employing a carbon dioxide selective gas permeable membrane permits on-line measurement of the total organic carbon content of water streams.

Abstract: A dampening water controller for controlling the concentration of an etching solution in dampening water circulatively used in offset printing, includes an ion concentration measuring means capable of measuring the concentration of at least one kind of ion (object ions) selected from specific anions or cations contained only in an etching solution in dampening water. Information on the measured concentration of the ions in the dampening water is output. A dampening water temperature measuring device capable of measuring the temperature of the dampening water and outputting information on the measured temperatures is provided. Also, an ion concentration information correcting device is provided capable of correcting the information on the measured concentration of the ions in the dampening water, in accordance with the information on the measured temperature of the dampening water.

Abstract: An apparatus for the analysis of carbon products enables air reactivity, CO.sub.2 reactivity, soot index and coefficient of thermal expansion of the carbon products to be determined in one analysis operation. The apparatus includes vertical and/or horizontal tube furnaces, each of which is provided with devices for weighing, temperature registration and/or registration dilation. Introduction of gas takes place via one end of each of the tube furnaces. Each of the furnaces is connected to a joint processing unit which checks the various instruments and registers the various instruments and registers and processes the analytical data.

Abstract: A method of determining at least one of chemical properties, physical properties and physical states of a gas atmosphere, including the steps of (a) bringing the gas atmosphere into contact with a heatable surface while heating up the heatable surface from a starting temperature to a predetermined higher temperature by the addition of energy thereto over a period of heating time; (b) discontinuing the addition of energy when the predetermined higher temperature is reached; and (c) evaluating heat discharged by the heatable surface under the influence of the gas atmosphere as a function of time to generate a measuring signal. Heating up of the heatable surface by the addition of energy is preferably effected over a period of heating time which is a limited period of heating time, and occurs cyclically at successive intervals in time as a heating cycle.

Abstract: A catalytic converter has an inner region and a jacket surface surrounding the inner region and being disposed approximately parallel to a given flow direction. The inner region conducts a flow of a fluid containing ingredients to be converted in the inner region by a catalyzed exothermic reaction. The flow passes through the inner region in the given flow direction. The reaction zone is defined as a part of the inner region in which a reaction predominantly takes place. A method for detecting a reaction zone in the catalytic converter includes detecting the reaction zone by measuring a distribution of temperature over the jacket surface along a measurement path being aligned approximately parallel to the given flow direction. The reaction zone is determined by a segment of the measurement path at which the temperature deviates by less than a predetermined limit value from a maximum value of the temperature over the measurement path.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring an amount of gas adsorbed on or desorbed from a solid and for analyzing and surveying reactions of a gas with a solid. Governing parameters include pressure, temperature and gas flow rate. The apparatus and method provide accurate measurement utilizing temperature programmed characterization and the volumetric method. The method is useful at both very high and very low pressures.

Abstract: A method for rapidly collecting kinetic rate data from a temperature scanning reactor for chemical reactions. The method, which is particularly useful for studying catalytic reactions, involves ramping (scanning) of the input temperature to a reactor and recording of output conversion and bed temperature without waiting for isothermal steady state to be established.

Abstract: This invention is a process for detecting low concentration levels of sulfur oxides (SO.sub.2) in a flowing gas stream (typically a combustion exhaust gas stream) and a catalytic SO.sub.2 sensor system which may be used in that process.

Abstract: A method is provided for detecting moisture in a sterilization chamber or other enclosure (including moisture present on the external or lumened surfaces of an instrument or other load placed in the enclosure). The method includes the steps of exhausting air from the enclosure under vacuum until the pressure in the enclosure is reduced from a starting pressure to a predetermined subatmospheric pressure which is above the saturation pressure of water, and then a second predetermined subatmospheric pressure which is below the saturation pressure of water or other liquid. The times taken to reach each pressure from the starting pressure are measured and their difference is calculated and compared to a reference time difference pre-established for a dry system (or, alternatively, in a known, leak-free system, only the pull-down time period to reach the second subatmospheric pressure is measured and compared to a pre-recorded reference pull-down time for a dry system).

Abstract: A system (10) for in vivo measuring chemical and physical parameters of a patient's blood includes a probe (12), a sensing system (14), and flush interference warning devices (20). The system measures pH, pCO.sub.2, and temperature values, and determines a base excess value using the measured pH and pCO.sub.2. The time rate of change of the base excess value is also determined, as is the time rate of change of temperature. The warning devices are activated, indicating that the measured parameters are likely affected by the presence of flush solution flowing past the probe, when either: (a) the base excess value is less than a predefined threshold base excess; (b) the absolute value of the time rate of change of the base excess value is greater than a predefined threshold time rate of change of base excess; or, (c) the absolute value of the time rate of change of temperature is greater than a predefined threshold time rate of change of temperature.

Abstract: A system for analyzing a chemical reaction provides control of the temperature and volume of the reagents to improve the accuracy and precision in quantitative measurements of specific proteins and other immunochemistries in body fluids. The reaction occurs in a cuvette within a nephelometric optics module. A sensor senses the temperatures of reaction buffer liquids as they flow into the cuvette, and a heat exchanging device increases or decreases the temperatures of the buffer liquids. A control circuit responsive to the temperature sensor controls the heat exchanging device to maintain the temperature of the buffer liquids and the cuvette within a selected temperature range. The system may also include a sample pickup station, a sample probe for withdrawing a selected sample from the sample pickup station, a sample preparation station, and transport device for carrying said sample from the sample preparation station to the reaction cuvette.

Abstract: A method of determining the critical vapor pressure of a hygroscopic material, such as a drug. A drug sample is placed in a substantially isothermal environment. A vapor, such as water vapor, at a given pressure is then placed in the ambient air over the drug. The rate of heat production from this sample at the given water vapor pressure, or the humidity of the air above the sample, is then measured. The water vapor pressure over the drug is gradually increased. Simultaneously, the rate of increase in heat production from the drug sample, or the rate of change of the relative humidity of the air above the drug sample, is measured. A marked increase in the rate of heat production generated by the drug, or a marked change in the relative humidity of the air over the sample, signals the attainment of the critical water vapor pressure.

Abstract: A highly sensitive, quick recovery differential microcalorimeter includes two matchingly formed and cooperatingly disposed flow channels. Each flow channel has two inlets, at least one mixing assembly connected to each fluid inlet, a fluid outlet connected to each mixing assembly, at least one heater element surrounding at least a portion of each fluid outlet, and a plurality of sensors surrounding at least a portion of each fluid outlet. Each of the mixing assemblies includes a mixing chamber and at least one entry manifold connected to a fluid inlet and having a plurality of ports which connect to the mixing chamber.

Abstract: A thermowell for a fixed-bed reactor which has a vertical spine portion, and multiple spider portions spaced along the spine portion. At least one thermocouple and preferable a plurality of thermocouples are located in each arm of the spider portions with thermocouple leads extending upwardly through the spine portion to a monitor outside of the reactor. The thermowell is constructed in the reactor while loading the catalyst by first positioning the spine portion in the reactor, and then fabricating a spider portion at the lowermost level of the spine portion with at least one thermocouple in each arm of the spider portion and thermocouple leads extending through the arms and upwardly through the spine portion. Catalyst is then added to the reactor to cover the spider portion at the lowermost level. At each successive level, repeating the steps of fabricating another spider portion, and of adding catalyst to cover the spider portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for determining the heat output rate in a reactor. This is achieved by determining the heat output rate in a sensor connected to the chemical reactor and taking into account the volume or mass ratio between the reactor and sensor contents. The apparatus allows balancing of the sensor, on the one hand, and continuous adjustment of the material composition and temperature of the reactor and sensor contents, on the other hand.

Abstract: A system for analyzing a chemical reaction provides control of the temperature and volume of the reagents to improve the accuracy and precision in quantitative measurements of specific proteins and other immunochemistries in body fluids. The reaction occurs in a cuvette within a nephelometric optics module. A sensor senses the temperatures of reaction buffer liquids as they flow into the cuvette, and a heat exchanging device increases or decreases the temperatures of the buffer liquids. A control circuit responsive to the temperature sensor controls the heat exchanging device to maintain the temperature of the buffer liquids and the cuvette within a selected temperature range. The system may also include a sample pickup station, a sample probe for withdrawing a selected sample from the sample pickup station, a sample preparation station, and a sample transport for carrying said sample from the sample preparation station to the reaction cuvette.

Abstract: A detection and quantification technique for radioisotope labeled components separated in a capillary separation channel. The section of the separation channel containing the separated components is significantly cooled to substantially eliminate diffusion of the components while detection is being carried out. The section can be frozen and autoradiography technique or solid state electronic imaging technique can be utilized to obtain an image representative of the relative amounts of separated components.

Abstract: A chemical analyzer in which the measurement of the change in attenuation of RF radiation propagated through a sample is used as the basis for calculating the change in concentration of a given chemical in the sample. Also disclosed are various probe and system designs which facilitate the use of RF attenuation as a basis for measurement of certain chemical characteristics of a sample.

Abstract: A method of biothermographically screening plants for favorable genetic characteristics such as drought resistance or heat tolerance is provided which comprises the nondestructive laboratory measurement of heat production of the plant sample or viable part thereof in a microcalorimeter under a given set of environmental conditions, and then using the measured heat production to assess the plant sample's potential reaction in the wild to those same conditions. The biothermographic analysis of the present invention represents a rapid, nondestructive way of predicting potential biological or economical yield under a variety of environmental field conditions, and can be conducted in a simple and inexpensive manner so as to particularly benefit those in the fields of agricultural biotechnology, plant genetics, and crop management.

Abstract: There is disclosed a portable apparatus and process for using same including a test conduit assembly and related conduit valve and fluid flow assemblies for conecting to a process unit for fluid flow communication with the test conduit assembly for passing a fluid to be evaluated for corrosive effect on such test conduit assembly wherein the test conduit assembly includes a test conduit of a predetermined length disposed in a transparent conduit section for passing the fluid therethrough and wherein a heating unit of a predetermined length is disposed in the test conduit wherein the heating unit is of a length of at least about 2 inches and comprises less than about 50 percent of the predetermined length of the test conduit.

Abstract: Gelling of a liquid or liquefication of a gel are investigated or controlled by differential measurement of thermal characteristics of the involved medium. The temperature of the medium is measured by a first probe (delivering a first temperature indicating signal) while a second probe (sufficiently far away from the first probe not to disturb the latter through temperature changes) imparts heat to said medium and delivers a signal corresponding to its temperature. The signals respectively emitted by the probes are processed in an electrical data processing unit wherein the signals are combined in a correcting stage which corrects the signal delivered by the second probe taking into account the signal delivered by the first probe to deliver information indicating the change of state of the medium.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting the level of ammonia in air comprises a conduit through which air is flowed as an airstream past two ammonia sensors that straddle an ammonia absorber. The apparatus also comprises a signal processing circuit for comparing signals generated by the two ammonia sensors with the difference representing the level of ammonia present in the air.

Abstract: Appendicitis can be detected by determining a threshold presence of the urinary pigment uroerythrin, in the urine of persons suspected of having appendicitis. The threshold presence of uroerythrin can be determined by precipitation of a sediment having a pink to red color. Additional qualitative, semiquantitative, or quantitative methods including HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography), TLC (thin layer chromatography), radioimmunoassay, colorimetric tests, NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), mass spectrometry, electrophoresis, monoclonal antibody tests, and other enzymatic tests may also be employed to measure uroerythrin levels.

Abstract: A tissue simulating gel and a method for preparing the tissue simulating gel are disclosed. The tissue simulating gel is prepared by a process using water, gelatin, ethylene glycol, and a cross-linking agent. In order to closely approximate the characteristics of the type of tissue being simulated, other material has been added to change the electrical, sound conducting, and wave scattering properties of the tissue simulating gel. The result of the entire process is a formulation that will not melt at the elevated temperatures involved in hyperthermia medical research. Furthermore, the tissue simulating gel will not support mold or bacterial growth, is of a sufficient mechanical strength to maintain a desired shape without a supporting shell, and is non-hardening and non-drying.

Abstract: The device of this invention is used to detect small quantities of liquid emical agents in certain pesticides on the basis of the heat reaction between the liquid agent and a chemical oxidant such as sodium or calcium hypochlorite. The detecting device consists of a thin film of resistance heat sensitive element on top of which porous or fibrous substrate material is mounted. This substrate is impregnated with the oxidant material. As a liquid agent contacts substrate it permeates through the substrate and reacts with the oxidant and generates heat. The output volume from the thin film resistance element increases correspondingly. The time from agent contact until this signal is observed as tested is less than one (1) second. The method is directed to the contacting of the liquid agent against the surface, wherein it permeates through the substrate and reacts with the oxidant and generates heat which change in heat is detected by the detecting device.