Abstract: Disclosed herein is an indicator precursor composition for determining the hardness of a wellbore fluid filtrate comprises a colorimetric indicator and a buffer comprising a salt of a weak acid and a strong base, wherein the indicator precursor composition is a dry solid. Also disclosed is a method to determine the hardness of a wellbore fluid filtrate.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is a humidity indicating composition comprising (a) an organic pH indicator dye compound, (b) a Bronsted acid or base, (c) a polyol having the general formula HOCH2—(CHOH)n—CH2OH, wherein n can be 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and (d) a solvent; wherein said components (a), (b), (c) and (d) do not contain halogen and/or heavy metals. Furthermore, the invention relates to a humidity indicator card comprising a sheet substrate and the humidity indicating composition from which the solvent has been allowed to evaporate, and to a process for preparing said humidity indicator card.

Abstract: Prior to adding detergent or chelant, the conductivity of water in a washing chamber is measured. The maximum concentration of hard water ions that could correspond to the measured conductivity is determined, i.e., it is assumed that all of the conductivity is from calcium and/or magnesium ions in the water even though other ions may in fact be contributing to the measured conductivity. Enough chelating agent is added to the chamber to sequester this maximum concentration of hard water ions and the conductivity is measured again. Using the two conductivity measurements, the actual concentration of hard water ions is determined. A chelant factor based on the actual concentration of hard water ions is then used to determine the amount of chelant to be added for subsequent wash cycles to sequester all of the hard water ions.

Abstract: Fluorescent pH detector and methods for measuring pH using the fluorescent pH detector.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods are disclosed for intra-orally diagnosing a body condition.

Abstract: A device for the precise and accurate potentiometric pH measurements in situ. Embodiments of a potentiometric device according to the invention consist of one or more glass pH-sensitive electrodes connected to a potentiometer. A key feature of the device is that, rather than being calibrated conventionally with buffers, it can be calibrated with an in situ device that measures pH spectrophotometrically. Spectrophotometric pH measurements obtained via sulfonephthalein absorbance measurements are inherently calibrated (do not require buffers). Thus, devices according to the invention allow for continuous potentiometric pH measurements with occasional spectrophotometric calibrations. The spectrophotometric calibration device consists of a spectrophotometer with associated pumps for combining a sulfonephthalein pH indicator with the aqueous medium whose pH is to be measured.

Abstract: The stability of an electroless plating bath for depositing a metal (e.g., nickel) is determined by titrating a sample of the plating bath with a titrant comprising ions of a catalytic metal (e.g., palladium) and detecting hydrogen released at the titration endpoint. The quantity of titrant required to attain the endpoint provides a measure of the stability of the electroless plating bath.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for measuring pH of low alkalinity samples. The present invention provides a sensor array comprising a plurality of pH indicators, each indicator having a different indicator concentration. A calibration function is generated by applying the sensor array to a sample solution having a known pH such that pH responses from each indicator are simultaneously recorded versus indicator concentration for each indicator. Once calibrated, the sensor array is applied to low alkalinity samples having unknown pH. Results from each pH indicator are then compared to the calibration function, and fitting functions are extrapolated to obtain the actual pH of the low alkalinity sample.

Abstract: A liquid testing device for determining the value of at least one property of a liquid. The liquid testing device includes a planar base and at least one test section, located on the planar base, with a reference color section located adjacent to the test section, which exhibits a color according to the value, as a result of reaction of a reagent with the liquid. The reference color section includes a plurality of different reference colors arranged for easy visual color comparison with the test result. The reference color section is placed adjacent to and in contact with the test section, with the test section having sufficient length so that it substantially encompasses the entire reference color section with its plurality of different reference colors. Thus, when the test section exhibits a reaction color, the visual comparison is simplified since the reference color which matches the reaction color becomes substantially visually merged and self-aligned therewith.

Abstract: Devices, methods and systems effective to evaluate a physical or chemical property of a surfactant-treated biological fluid sample are provided.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I) and compounds of the general formula (II) Use of compounds (I) or (II) as visible or invisible markers, for staining materials, in the laser welding of materials, for detecting bases, acids or pH changes, as a dispersing assistant, pigment additive for organic pigments and intermediates for the production of pigment additives, in heat management or energy management, in photovoltaics or in optical data storage.

Abstract: Devices, methods and systems effective to evaluate a physical or chemical property of an ion exchange resin-treated biological fluid sample are provided.

Abstract: An electrochemical potentiometric titration method that entails titration of a known volume of a catholyte containing an unknown amount of hydrogen peroxide in a titration cell having two electrodes, a platinum working electrode and a silver/silver chloride reference electrode. A known concentration of a titrant is added to the catholyte in the titration cell. Simultaneously, as the titrant is added the potential between the working electrode and the reference electrode is monitored. The point at which all of the hydrogen peroxide has been consumed is signaled when the cell potential changes abruptly. Since the concentration of the titrant is already known, the amount of titrant added (concentration multiplied by volume) is directly related to the amount of hydrogen peroxide consumed. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is calculated from the volume of catholyte and the moles of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A pH indicator comprising a solid substrate coated at least partially by at least one layer of at least one substance, wherein said the and the substrate are having different colors and wherein the at least one substance is selected to dissolve or to decompose when exposed to predetermined pH values, thereby exposing said first color.

Abstract: The present method provides a single-phase technique in which an ionic strength adjuster and a water insoluble dye are added to a sample of an aqueous solution containing an unknown quantity of a known surfactant. Even at surfactant concentrations well below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the aqueous sample, the addition of an ionic strength adjuster induces the surfactant to form micelles. These micelles absorb the water insoluble dye, thereby imparting a known color to the aqueous sample being tested. The color intensity of the treated aqueous sample is directly related to the concentration of the surfactant in the sample and, through the use of calibration curves prepared from samples of know concentration, can be used to determine the surfactant concentration.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for measuring pH of low alkalinity samples. The present invention provides a sensor array comprising a plurality of pH indicators, each indicator having a different indicator concentration. A calibration function is generated by applying the sensor array to a sample solution having a known pH such that pH responses from each indicator are simultaneously recorded versus indicator concentration for each indicator. Once calibrated, the sensor array is applied to low alkalinity samples having unknown pH. Results from each pH indicator are then compared to the calibration function, and fitting functions are extrapolated to obtain the actual pH of the low alkalinity sample.

Abstract: Provided are a suspended particulate matter measurement apparatus capable of automatically measuring a nitrate ion content and a sulfate ion content in the atmosphere, and a suspended particulate matter measurement method using the same. The suspended particulate matter measurement apparatus includes a filter, suction part, extraction part, measurement part, and a recording part. The suction part suctions air in the atmosphere at a constant flow rate to cause particulate matter contained therein to be adsorbed onto the filter. The extraction part extracts components of the particulate matter adsorbed onto the filter, by dissolving the particulate matter into a solvent, and collects a resultant solution. The measurement part measures at least one of a nitrate ion content and a sulfate ion content in the solution collected by the extraction part, and outputs the measurement result. The recording part records the measurement result outputted from the measurement part.

Abstract: The present invention is embodied in a method for precisely dispensing fluid, including treating an orifice of a fluid dispensing apparatus during a fabrication process by applying a low surface energy material layer onto the orifice, adjusting a thickness of the low surface energy material coating to a predetermined threshold and limiting backpressure of a low dead volume fluid delivery system coupled to the orifice to reduce interference or interruptions for precisely dispensing the fluid.

Abstract: Provided are films having a visual cue agent present in a sufficient amount to present a visual cue when the film is contacted by an aqueous solution, and methods of detecting when a film is contacted by an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A pH sensitive nanoreactor can include an aqueous core within a liposome. The aqueous core can include a pH responsive dye dispersed or dissolved within the core. The liposome provides a nanoscale environment for the dye. Further, a nanoshell can be present which encapsulates the liposome. The nanoshell can be permeable to hydrogen ions while also protecting the dye from exposure to deleterious compounds and photobleaching.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to compositions including hydrogels and photoluminescent nanostructures are described. The compositions can undergo a change in a physical, chemical, dielectric, or other property upon exposure to an altering stimulus. Changes in one or more properties of the hydrogel may impart a change in the photoluminescence of the nanostructures embedded in the hydrogel.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide in water that can correct a reduction in measurement accuracy based on deterioration of a pH indicator is provided. A carbon dioxide concentration measurement apparatus includes a deterioration determining section that measures a change rate ?A0 of an isosbestic point absorbance A0 and determines that the pH indicator solution is deteriorated when the change rate ?A0 is reduced by a predetermined reduction rate or more. After the deterioration determining section determines deterioration of the pH indicator solution, a pH value computing section computes the pH value of the pH indicator solution using a corrected pH computation expression for correcting a deterioration of the pH value of the pH indicator solution on the basis of the change rate ?A0 of the isosbestic point absorbance A0.

Abstract: Alkalinity determination, including an alkalinity determination process and/or alkalinity determinator. An alkalinity determination process may include providing a known value of volume of an acidic fluid, forming a titration system by providing one or more additions of a known value of volume of a relatively alkaline fluid to an acidic fluid, determining a pH value and/or a temperature value for one or more additions and/or determining an alkalinity value of a system by calculating a transformation including one or more determined pH values and/or temperature values of one or more additions. An alkalinity determination process may include modeling, such that an informed determination may be made with reference to relevant and/or irrelevant factors, as well as parameters to maximize likelihood of alkalinity determination. In embodiments, an alkalinity determinator may include one or more titration cells, one or more sensors and/or one or more alkalinity value determinators.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the removal of subsurface contaminants and methods of using same. In more particular, but not by way of limitation, the present invention relates to an integrated method for remediating subsurface contaminants through the use of a low concentration surfactant solution (and methods of making and using novel surfactant solutions) followed by an abiotic polishing process to thereafter achieve a substantially reduced subsurface contaminant concentration that surfactant flushing alone cannot achieve. The present invention is focused on remediation of high viscosity hydrocarbons, such as heating oils or coal tars, with a combination of pre-injection of bio-co-solvent and surfactant (and polymer) flush approach.

Abstract: The invention relates to a portable measuring device for measuring the salinity, the acidity (pH) or other chemical and physical parameters on different types of surfaces (9) such as inner and outer surfaces of tubes and surfaces of floors, walls, ceilings and such like, whereby the measuring device comprises electronic circuits (2), a measuring unit and a housing (4) in which a test chamber (10) has been formed, whereby the test chamber is provided with: 1) a first opening that can be positioned against a surface to be tested, 2) a second opening through which a fluid such as de-ionized water can be introduced into the test chamber, 3) a resilient seal (11) for sealing the test chamber there where it is brought against the test surface area, 4) a number of sensors (5) taken up in the test chamber that are connected to the electronic circuits and the measuring unit for indicating the value of the shemical or physical parameter to be measured of a solution contained in the test chamber, characterized in that t

Abstract: A system comprising a moisture containing cleansing article and a visual pH indicator changing color at a pH above 4.0. The system can comprise a buffer, having preferably a pKa above 5.5. The system can comprise a set of instructions for evaluating moisture containing cleansing articles. The pH buffer of the system can have a pKa value equal to or greater than the pH of the color change of the visual pH indicator. The pH of color change of the visual pH indicator can be equal to or greater than the pH of the lotion. The system can be used to evaluate the pH of moisture containing cleansing article lotions and to quantify the ability to neutralize alkalinity such as the alkalinity provided by residues of feces and urine over time on the skin of a baby.

Abstract: Methods that comprise selecting proppant for use in a fracturing fluid based on one or more factors, wherein the one or more factors comprise an interaction between the proppant and the fracturing fluid. Methods that comprise designing a treatment fluid that comprises a gelled base fluid and a particulate based on one or more factors, wherein the one or more factors comprise an interaction between the particulate and the gelled base fluid.

Abstract: A fluidic assay device or test format that can regulate or control the sample flow rate and modulate the manifestation of test results to reduce or eliminate errors is described. The assay device has a substrate with a flow-rate control zone that regulates the amount of time needed for development and appearance of a visual signal in the observation-feedback zone until the color transition in the detection zone reaches color stability. The present invention also describes absorbent articles incorporating such an assay device and methods of monitoring dehydration or testing ion strength of a urine sample using such a test format.

Abstract: A system for determining parameters and compatibility of a substance such as an asphalt or other petroleum substance uses titration to highly accurately determine one or more flocculation occurrences and is especially applicable to the determination or use of Heithaus parameters and optimal mixing of various asphalt stocks. In a preferred embodiment, automated titration in an oxygen gas exclusive system and further using spectrophotometric analysis (2-8) of solution turbidity is presented. A reversible titration technique enabling in-situ titration measurement of various solution concentrations is also presented.

Abstract: A method for identifying physiological conditions associated with the pH or the buffer capacities of biological fluid secreted from a person, by providing a secretion-monitoring article of a body that includes an absorbent material for absorbing a biological fluid secreted from a person and an indicator system having a hydrophobic chemical composition that includes an indicator agent and an ion-balance reagent, at specific relative amounts. Optionally, a competitive agent for establishing a pre-set threshold of an analyte of interest in a tested bodily fluid, is added to the indicator system, wherein the indicator reagent being charged oppositely to the analyte of interest and the competitive reagent having the same charge as the indicator reagent.

Abstract: A system and method for spectrophotometrically measuring the total alkalinity of a liquid sample. In a particular aspect, the method involves equilibration of a CO2 gas with a sample solution across the permeable walls of a Teflon AF 2400 liquid core waveguide. The waveguide acts as both an equilibration membrane and an optical cell in which spectrophotometric pH measurements are obtained via measurements of absorbance ratios.

Abstract: A process for determining ionic liquid catalyst deactivation including (a) collecting at least one sample of an ionic liquid catalyst; (b) hydrolyzing the at least one sample to provide at least one hydrolyzed sample; (c) titrating the at least one hydrolyzed sample with a basic reagent to determine a volume of the basic reagent necessary to neutralize a Lewis acid species of the ionic liquid catalyst; and (d) calculating the acid content of the at least one sample from the volume of basic reagent determined in step (c) is described. Processes incorporating such a process for determining ionic liquid catalyst deactivation are also described. These processes are an alkylation process, a process for controlling ionic liquid catalyst activity in a reaction producing by-product conjunct polymers, and a continuous process for maintaining the acid content of an ionic liquid catalyst at a target acid content in a reaction producing by-product conjunct polymers.

Abstract: There is provided a method of determining the solubility of a chemical compound containing one or more acidic or basic groups. The method involves preparing a close to saturated solution with solid present of said chemical compound; measuring the pH of the test solution at regular intervals until a consistent rate of pH change; adding a known aliquot of base or acid titrant to the test solution to adjust the pH slope; and repeating steps (b) and (c) until the measured pH slope changes sign. The solubility of the compound is determined as the concentration of unionised compound in solution when the measured pH slope is interpolated to zero.

Abstract: An electrochemical suspended element-based sensor system includes a solution cell for holding an electrolyte comprising solution including at least one electrochemically reducible or oxidizable species. A working electrode (WE), reference electrode (RE) and a counter electrode (CE) are disposed in the solution. The CE includes an asymmetric suspended element, wherein one side of the suspended element includes a metal or a highly doped semiconductor surface. The suspended element bends when current associated with reduction or oxidation of the electrochemically reducible or oxidizable species at the WE passes through the suspended element. At least one measurement system measures the bending of the suspended element or a parameter which is a function of the bending.

Abstract: A method of automated formulation process for radiopharmaceutical injection medicine, including preparation for process control and calculation for formulation control, wherein the preparation steps for process control includes measuring radioactivity and size of radiopharmaceutical materials, determining measurement time and calibration time, measuring pH value and impurity percentage of radiopharmaceutical raw materials. By means of input of parameters measured and calculation of the volume of injection solvent and pH value, finished product of injection medicine is obtained when the pH value reaches 6.5, and the finished product is dispensed into the sterile bottles.

Abstract: A method for surface modification of single walled carbon nanotubes. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of providing a detergent solution, adding a plurality of single walled carbon nanotubes into the detergent solution, performing a first sonication to disperse the single walled carbon nanotubes in the detergent solution, and performing a second sonication after the first sonication to make detergent encased single walled carbon nanotubes. At least one of the plurality of single walled carbon nanotubes is at least partially wrapped by one or more detergent molecules to make it a detergent encased single walled carbon nanotube. In one embodiment, the detergent comprises SDS, PSS or a combination of them.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for characterizing the type of a blood sample and a variety of blood components are provided wherein a transmission spectrum of the sample is collected over a predetermined wavelength range. For blood typing, this spectrum is then compared with a set of control spectra collected from control blood samples having known blood types, from which the type of the blood sample can be determined. Further methods and apparatus are provided for determining the viability of and for cross matching a platelet unit Additional method and apparatus permit analysis of the sample for the presence of a contaminant, Particles can also be counted in the sample, even when present in low concentrations, including white blood cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to indicator granular material, especially for a cat lavatory, in which at least one first granular material is substantially completely coated with a first polymer layer, which is solid at a first pH and is dissolved at a second pH; and also to a cat lavatory and the use of the indicator granular material in a cat lavatory.

Abstract: A non-invasive blood gas test is carried out by a method that utilizes a venous blood sample together with a pulse oximeter and a plurality of mathematical equations. The method generates the following data points of the blood: (i) the pH level; (ii) the [H+] concentration; (iii) the [HCO3?] concentration; (iv) the partial pressure of carbon dioxide; and (v) the oxygen saturation level. Mathematical formulas, tables, and chemical equations provide a simple method by which a doctor or other medical professional can easily calculate the blood gas data without the need for an arterial blood sample or specialized machines. Blood gas measurements are obtained from a patient in a faster, safer and less painful manner than tests that require an arterial blood sample. In another embodiment of the present invention, a system for locating a dysfunctional organ in a patient is disclosed.

Abstract: The stability of an electroless plating bath for depositing a metal (e.g., nickel) is determined by titrating a sample of the plating bath with a titrant comprising ions of a catalytic metal (e.g., palladium) and detecting hydrogen released at the titration endpoint. The quantity of titrant required to attain the endpoint provides a measure of the stability of the electroless plating bath.

Abstract: An analytical test cartridge is provided. The analytical test cartridge can be used for medical analyses of liquid samples removed from a patient, for example blood. The analytical test cartridge is configured to provide for titration experiments. An example of a titration experiment that can be performed with the arrangement, is titration of heparin with protamine. Methods of assembly and use are provided.

Abstract: Fluorescent pH detector and methods for measuring pH using the fluorescent pH detector.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for preparing a solution of a solid with a liquid and/or a dilution of a liquid with another liquid includes a balance with a weighing pan, a display- and operating unit, a processor, a storage memory, and a data interface. The device includes at least one electronic dosage delivery device for liquids, in particular an electronic pipette, with a microprocessor, a memory unit, and a data interface, so that a communication can be established between the respective data interfaces of the balance and the at least one electronic dosage delivery device. An identifier element signals when the electronic dosage delivery device has been selected. A program is configured to perform calculations in the processor of the balance based on instructions given by the attendant, based on substance data stored in the memory of the balance and in certain cases based on weighing results.

Abstract: Embodiments of techniques for determining the concentrations of one or more acid components of a multiple acid solution are presented herein.

Abstract: A system for colorimetric titration, comprising a container (10); a mixing device (11), which is arranged to extend along a substantial portion of a longitudinal axis of the container (10); and an analysis arrangement (12) having a housing in the form of a collar which is adapted to fit around and at least partially enclose, a section of said container extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the container and not intersected by the mixing device (11) in the container (10). The collar houses at least one electromagnetic radiation source, arranged to emit electromagnetic radiation towards said container (10); and at least one electromagnetic radiation detector, arranged to detect electromagnetic radiation, emitted from the at least one electromagnetic radiation source through the container (10).

Abstract: Fluorescent pH detector and methods for measuring pH using the fluorescent pH detector.

Abstract: The present invention is directed novel lateral flow devices for analyzing liquid samples. The devices contain chemical test strips and are useful for testing liquids for physical properties, such as pH, specific gravity, contamination or adulteration, the presence of proteins or blood, and the like. The test strips contain a bibulous material, a filter element, a reagent pad, and in some embodiments also contain a hydrophobic member and a cover. Any fluid can be tested, for example, urine or other body fluids, environmental samples, biological samples, clinical samples, or food and beverage samples.

Abstract: The present invention describes devices, solutions, and methods for the ex-vivo assessment, resuscitation, triage, and maintenance of human candidate cadaveric hearts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to indicator granular material, especially for a cat lavatory, in which at least one first granular material is substantially completely coated with a first polymer layer, which is solid at a first pH and is dissolved at a second pH; and also to a cat lavatory and the use of the indicator granular material in a cat lavatory.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a device and a method for carrying out experiments of chemical, biochemical, biological and physical analysis, reaction and assay employing a reaction unit, in a preferred embodiment comprising: a capillarity reaction chamber, non-capillarity zone and bottom structure, which can use capillary action to quantitatively take up by itself and hold liquid in the reaction chamber. A multi-unit plate, which contains a number of reaction units on a plate frame, can be used for parallel experiments in conjunction with reservoir plate, waster pad, and liquid transfer guider.