Abstract: A well system includes a wellbore extending from a surface location, production tubing arranged within the wellbore and thereby defining an annulus between the production tubing and an inner wall of the wellbore, a plurality of gas-lift valves arranged on the production tubing and operable to receive a lift gas from the annulus and discharge the lift gas into an interior of the production tubing, a unique tracer provided at each gas-lift valve and releasable into the interior of the production tubing as the lift gas circulates through a corresponding one of the plurality of gas-lift valves, and a tracer detection system arranged at the surface location and operable to detect the unique tracer comingled with the lift gas and a production fluid circulating within the production tubing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a proppant or proppant mixture having insert materials configured for providing a mechanical or physical function in a well to hold open fissures or pathways created in formations caused by well fracking to allow a release of a hydrocarbon from the well, the insert materials being configured at least partly with beads having a functionalized polymer so as to form functionalized polymer proppants that are configured to respond to the hydrocarbon or other composition of matter released from the well, including water, and provide at least one chemical taggant containing an indication about the hydrocarbon or other composition of matter released from the well. The functionalized polymer may include a dual-monomer structure.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for determining the origin location of subterranean rock samples. In some implementations, the compositions include a nanoparticle tag that includes a natural polysaccharide, a fluorescent dye, and superparamagnetic nanoparticles. In some implementations, a method of determining the origin location of a subterranean rock sample includes mixing the nanoparticle tag into a fluid, flowing the fluid into a subterranean formation, recovering subterranean rock samples from the formation, separating tagged rock samples from untagged rock samples using a magnet, and determining the origin location by analyzing a fluorescent signal of the nanoparticle tag.

Abstract: A method includes introducing a fluoro-based small molecule tracer into a stimulation fluid, injecting the stimulation fluid into a target zone of a subterranean formation, and maintaining the fluoro-based small molecule tracer inside the target zone of the subterranean formation for an amount of time. While being maintained inside the target zone, the fluoro-based small molecule tracer comes into contact with water at a downhole temperature resulting in hydrolysis of the fluoro-based small molecule tracer to produce a fluorinated tracer and a nonfluorinated group. Then, produced fluid that includes the fluorinated tracer is recovered, a concentration of the fluorinated tracer in the hydrocarbons is determined, and the concentration of the fluorinated tracer is correlated to a productivity of the target zone of the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is used for improving health, cure abnormalities and degenerative disease; achieve anti-aging effect of therapy and therapeutic effect on mammals. The pharmaceutical composition includes a pharmaceutical carrier and an isotope selective ingredient including at least one of a chemical element and a chemical compound containing the chemical element whereby isotope distribution in the at least one of the chemical element and the chemical compound containing the chemical element is different from natural distribution of at least one of isotopes wherein the part of selected isotope of the chemical element ranges from 0 to 100%. A method of the present invention uses the inventive pharmaceutical composition to improve health, cure abnormalities and degenerative disease and achieve therapeutic effect on mammals.

Abstract: A downhole injector apparatus for injecting a taggant into a wellbore includes an injector nozzle outlet and a taggant reservoir in fluid communication with the injector nozzle outlet and configured to hold the taggant to be injected. The apparatus further includes a pressure wave generator configured to apply a pressure wave within the reservoir to expel the taggant from the reservoir through the injector nozzle outlet.

Abstract: The present invention provides a proppant or proppant mixture having insert materials configured for providing a mechanical or physical function in a well to hold open fissures or pathways created in formations caused by well fracking to allow a release of a hydrocarbon from the well, the insert materials being configured at least partly with beads having a functionalized polymer so as to form functionalized polymer proppants that are configured to respond to the hydrocarbon or other composition of matter released from the well, including water, and provide at least one chemical taggant containing an indication about the hydrocarbon or other composition of matter released from the well. The functionalized polymer may include a dual-monomer structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a proppant or proppant mixture having insert materials configured for providing a mechanical or physical function in a well to hold open fissures or pathways created in formations caused by well fracking to allow a release of a hydrocarbon from the well, the insert materials being configured at least partly with beads having a functionalized polymer so as to form functionalized polymer proppants that are configured to respond to the hydrocarbon or other composition of matter released from the well, including water, and provide at least one chemical taggant containing an indication about the hydrocarbon or other composition of matter released from the well. The functionalized polymer may include a dual-monomer structure.

Abstract: An electrolyser operates within an energy system, for example to provide grid services, energy storage or fuel, or to produce hydrogen from electricity produced from renewable resources. The electrolyser may be configured to operate at frequently or quickly varying rates of electricity consumption or to operate at a specified power consumption.

Abstract: A method of detecting an amine-based additive in a wellbore servicing fluid (WSF) comprising contacting an aliquot of WSF with an amine detector compound and an aqueous salt solution to form a detection solution; wherein the aqueous salt solution comprises an inorganic salt and organic carboxylate salt; wherein the WSF comprises the amine-based additive; and wherein the detection solution is characterized by at least one absorption peak wavelength in the range of 380-760 nm; detecting an absorption intensity for detection solution at a wavelength within about ±20% of the at least one absorption peak wavelength; comparing the absorption intensity of detection solution at the wavelength within about ±20% of the at least one absorption peak wavelength with a target absorption intensity of amine-based additive to determine the amount of amine-based additive in WSF; and comparing the amount of amine-based additive in WSF with a target amount of amine-based additive.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions, methods, and systems for identifying marked hydrocarbon fluids. These compositions, methods, and systems utilize a gas chromatography marker including a non-pyrrolidinone nitrogen-containing compound. The methods and systems can identify the presence or absence of the gas chromatography marker and/or the non-pyrrolidinone nitrogen-containing compound. The compositions, methods, and systems can optionally utilize a spectroscopic marker.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for gathering and segregation of oil extracted from a resource fields with a plurality of disparate sources in relatively close proximity. Instead of assigning a quality and/or destination for crude oil from an extraction source based on the origin of the crude oil, the crude oil can be characterized while still in local storage at or near the wellhead prior to transport to a refinery, a shipping or pipeline terminal, or another type destination for crude oil. Based on the characterization, one or more characteristics of the crude oil can be used to assign the crude oil to one of a plurality of destinations. The crude oil can then be transported to the assigned destination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to disturbance on hydrate reservoirs with different buried depths, in particularly to a disturbance and stability analysis method for hydrate reservoirs with different buried depths. Preparing a series of stable hydrate systems parallel to a hydrate phase equilibrium curve, wherein both of the porosities and the hydrate saturations of various hydrate systems are consistent, but the buried depths are different; disturbing the series of hydrate systems prepared in the first step, conducting disturbance under different conditions aiming to the hydrate systems with different buried depths; analyzing the stability of the hydrate reservoirs.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon wells including crosslinked polymer granules as a proppant, methods of forming the hydrocarbon wells, and methods of operating the hydrocarbon wells. The hydrocarbon wells include a wellbore that extends within a subsurface region and a downhole tubular that extends within the wellbore and defines a tubular conduit. The hydrocarbon wells also include a plurality of perforations formed within the downhole tubular and a plurality of fractures formed within the subsurface region. The hydrocarbon wells further include the proppant positioned within the plurality of fractures. The proppant includes a plurality of crosslinked polymer granules, and each crosslinked polymer granule has a characteristic dimension of at least 100 micrometers and at most 2 millimeters.

Abstract: A method for normalizing a chemical tracer response in a zone can include measuring a concentration of the tracer as produced from a proximal zone, measuring a concentration of a reference tracer as produced from the proximal zone, and applying a mathematical correction to a concentration of the tracer as produced from the zone. Another method can include normalizing a chemical tracer concentration to a reference tracer concentration, and then allocating flow to a zone corresponding to the tracer based on the normalized tracer concentration. Another method can include injecting a first chemical tracer into a first wellbore reference zone and into additional producing zones of the first wellbore, injecting a second chemical tracer into a second wellbore reference zone and into additional producing zones of the second wellbore, and injecting a third chemical tracer into each of the additional producing zones of the first and second wellbores.

Abstract: A composition of matter includes a liquid and nanoparticles suspended in the liquid. The nanoparticles each include silica, alumina, and an organosilicon functional group having a molecular weight of at least 200. A method includes functionalizing a surface of nanoparticles with an organosilicon functional group and dispersing the nanoparticles in a liquid to form a suspension. The functional group has a molecular weight of at least 200. The nanoparticles each include silica and alumina at a surface thereof.

Abstract: A tracer material for tracing fluid flows from a hydrocarbon reservoir. The tracer material is a particulate tracer material including a plurality of particles of a porous particulate solid material, the particles having pores containing a tracer composition characterised in that a retaining material overlies the tracer composition in at least some of the pores. The retaining material retards the release of the tracer material so that the tracer is released at a more constant rate over a longer period than in the absence of the retaining material.

Abstract: A method for determining residual oil saturation of an oil reservoir, the method comprising: introducing a partitioning tracer comprising a sulfone compound having a log Kow value in the range ?0.5 to 3 into the oil reservoir; and monitoring the production of the tracer from the oil reservoir over time to determine the residual oil saturation. Optionally the method comprises introducing both a conservative tracer and the partitioning tracer into the oil reservoir and monitoring the production of both the tracers from the oil reservoir over time to determine the residual oil saturation.

Abstract: A method for adjusting, to a pre-determined value, the level of a mineral deposition or corrosion inhibitor injected into a gas or oil well. Using of the time-resolved fluorescence method for detecting and quantifying a mineral deposition or corrosion inhibitor in a fluid from an oil or gas production well.

Abstract: A marking method which is a method of marking a product having a distillation range is disclosed. The method comprises the step of adding to said product a first marker, a second marker and optionally one or more further markers. Each marker has a distillation range including a minimum boiling point (Min BP), a maximum boiling point (Max BP) and a maximum distillation boiling point (Max DBP) which is the temperature at which the maximum volume of the marker distils. Each marker has a different distillation range from each other marker and at least one marker has a Max DBP which is within the distillation range of the product. The first marker has a distillation range in the marked product which extends over the whole of the product distillation range.

Abstract: A method of fuel analysis comprising subjecting a fuel sample comprising a fuel marker and a fuel matrix to fluorescence spectroscopy to generate a measured emission spectrum comprising a first spectral component (type and amount of marker in sample), a second spectral component (spectral perturbation), and a third spectral component (matrix fluorescence); deconvoluting the measured emission spectrum to yield a deconvoluted measured emission spectrum (first and second spectral components) via removal of third spectral component; decoupling the deconvoluted measured emission spectrum to yield a corrected emission spectrum (first spectral component) via a projection function which orthogonally projects the deconvoluted measured emission spectrum onto a subspace devoid of the second spectral component; and determining the amount of fuel marker in the fuel sample from the corrected emission spectrum. The method of fuel analysis comprises temperature corrections.

Abstract: A composition of matter includes a liquid and nanoparticles suspended in the liquid. The nanoparticles each include silica, alumina, and an organosilicon functional group having a molecular weight of at least 200. A method includes functionalizing a surface of nanoparticles with an organosilicon functional group and dispersing the nanoparticles in a liquid to form a suspension. The functional group has a molecular weight of at least 200. The nanoparticles each include silica and alumina at a surface thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and systems for determining source rock potential in a subterranean region of a hydrocarbon reservoir. One method includes receiving, an electron spin resonance (ESR) image from an in-situ ESR scanner that is attached to a wellbore at a first subterranean location, wherein the wellbore extends into the subterranean region of the hydrocarbon reservoir; determining, a spin concentration level of a source rock in the first subterranean location based on the ESR image; and determining, the source rock potential at the first subterranean location based on the determined spin concentration level.

Abstract: A method for adjusting, to a pre-determined value, the level of a mineral deposition or corrosion inhibitor injected into a gas or oil well. Using of the time-resolved fluorescence method for detecting and quantifying a mineral deposition or corrosion inhibitor in a fluid from an oil or gas production well.

Abstract: Colloidal-crystal quantum dots as tracers are disclosed. According to one embodiment, a method comprises injecting a solution of quantum dots into a subterranean formation, and monitoring a flow of the quantum dots from the subterranean formation to determine a property of the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A method for a rapid verification of satisfactory clean-up at the end of the completion process when starting production of petroleum fluids while the completion rig is still at the well. The method includes marking one or more of separated zones along the well by one or more distinct tracers, before starting production. The tracers are added along with the completion or the clean-up fluid, and the tracers are arranged to be released by relative high concentrations from each zone to an inflowing fluid of oil or gas.

Abstract: A sample analyzer comprises a reaction tray, a sample/reagent tray, and a probe. The reaction tray performs a first number of stops and rotations during an operating cycle, wherein the first number is configured to cause each of the reaction vessels to stop once at a position for the test before any of the number of the reaction vessels stops at the position for a second time. The sample/reagent tray rotates one of a sample container and reagent containers to a sample/reagent retrieving position during an operating cycle. The probe dispenses test sample(s), first reagent, and second reagent during different periods in different stop periods during an operating cycle. A method for analyzing samples is also disclosed.

Abstract: Non-halogenated molecules having from 10 to 30 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, aromatic, saturated, unsaturated (and combinations thereof) alcohols, ketones, organic acids, organic acid salts, sulfonated derivatives of these compounds, and combinations thereof are used as tracers to measure oil and/or water fluid returns, such as from a hydraulic fracturing job. The non-halogenated molecules may be absorbed onto and/or adsorbed onto substrates and introduced into a subterranean location, desorbed and recovered from the subterranean location with a fluid, reacted with a reagent (e.g. pentafluoro benzyl chloride, and the like) to give a derivatized tracer. The presence of the derivatized tracer is then detected in at least a portion of the recovered fluid. A different non-halogenated tracer may be used for each hydraulic fracturing stage, thus, it can be determined from which fracturing stage water is produced and from which fracturing stage oil is produced, for example.

Abstract: Non-halogenated molecules having 10-30 carbons including aliphatic, aromatic, saturated, unsaturated (and combinations thereof) alcohols, ketones, organic acids, organic acid salts, sulfonated derivatives, and/or other derivatives are used as tracers to measure oil and/or water fluid returns, such as from a hydraulic fracturing job. The non-halogenated molecules may be combined with substrates and introduced into a subterranean location, desorbed and recovered from the subterranean location with a fluid, reacted with a reagent (e.g. pentafluoro benzyl chloride) to give a derivatized tracer. Alternatively, the tracer molecule release can be delayed by use of an emulsion or a coating that allows slower diffusion of the tracer into the fluid. The presence of the derivatized tracer is then detected in the recovered fluid. A different non-halogenated tracer may be used for each hydraulic fracturing stage, e.g. to determine from which fracturing stage water is produced and from which oil is produced.

Abstract: Non-halogenated molecules including, but are not necessarily limited, to alkyl and aromatic amines having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and salts of these amines, diols having the formula HO—(CH2)n—OH, diamines having the formula H2N—(CH2)n—NH2, dicarboxylic acids having the formula HO.CO—(CH2)n—CO.OH, diesters having the formula R?O.CO—(CH2)n—CO.OR?, where n is 4 to 18, and R? and R? are independently straight or branched alkyl or aromatic groups of 1-20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof are used as tracers to measure oil and/or water fluid returns, e.g. from a hydraulic fracturing job. The non-halogenated molecules may be combined with substrates and introduced into a subterranean location, desorbed and recovered from the subterranean location with a fluid, reacted with a reagent to give a derivatized tracer. The presence of the derivatized tracer is then detected in the recovered fluid. Different non-halogenated tracers may be used for each hydraulic fracturing stage.

Abstract: Determining weight concentration of clay in a sample of a porous material, a water-soluble salt of a metal is selected that enters in a selective ion exchange reaction with clay, with the general formula R+M?, where a metal R+ is selected from the group {Ba2+; Sr2+; Tl+; Rb+ . . . }, M? is selected from the group {Cln; NOn; OHn; CH3COO, SO4; . . . } in accordance with the table of solubility of inorganic substances in water. Clay is marked by means of mixing the clay with a water solution of the selected salt of the metal, residues of the salt of the metal that have not interacted with the clay are removed. X-ray fluorescent spectrometry of the marked clay and of the sample is conducted and content of the metal in the marked clay and natural content of the metal in the sample are determined. A water solution of the marked clay is pumped through the sample, the sample is dried and X-ray fluorescent spectrometry of the entire sample or of its individual segments is conducted.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to nanocomposites for detecting hydrocarbons in a geological structure. In some embodiments, the nanocomposites include: a core particle; a polymer associated with the core particle; a sulfur-based moiety associated with the polymer; and a releasable probe molecule associated with the core particle, where the releasable probe molecule is releasable from the core particle upon exposure to hydrocarbons. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to methods of detecting hydrocarbons in a geological structure by utilizing the nanocomposites of the present disclosure.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon detectors having CNTs coated with an amphiphilic coating capable of sequestering an active molecule are provided. In one aspect, a hydrocarbon detection device is provided. The hydrocarbon detector device includes a plurality of CNTs dispersed in a polar solvent, wherein each of the CNTs is coated with an amphiphilic coating having molecules with a hydrophilic moiety and a hydrophobic moiety, and wherein the coating creates a hydrophobic environment proximal to a surface of each of the CNTs; and one or more hydrophobic active molecules sequestered in the hydrophobic environment proximal to the surface of each of the CNTs.

Abstract: It is described a method and a system for wireless in-situ sampling of a reservoir fluid from a hydrocarbon reservoir comprising obtaining a number of local samples of the reservoir fluid from different zones of the reservoir at given times. Local characterization of production fluid is obtained based on identifying chemical fingerprints of each of the number of local samples. This information can be used to determine local production rates from different zones in the well or from coming led wells.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and system of reservoir interrogation. A tracer is encapsulating in a receptacle. The receptacle containing the tracer is injected into the reservoir. The tracer is analyzed for reservoir interrogation.

Abstract: This invention relates to oil production, more specifically, oil production using the formation hydrofracturing process, and can be used for monitoring the operation of a producing oil well.

Abstract: A tracer system comprising a tracer compound for a fluid system, the tracer compound comprising one or more polyether alcohol compounds. The one or more polyether alcohol compounds is arranged for being placed in contact with a first part of said fluid system. The one or more polyether alcohol compounds is truly monodisperse. The polyether alcohol compounds comprises one or more functional groups. The one or more truly monodisperse polyether alcohol compounds is arranged for being detected in a second part of the fluid system in fluid communication with said first part of said fluid system. The tracer compound is detectable in very low concentrations.

Abstract: A first fuel and a second fuel are marked with a marker that can be detected quantitatively in a predetermined concentration range. The second fuel is marked with a binary marker. Decreased concentration of the quantitative marker, presence of a binary marker, or both may be indicative of a fuel that is altered (e.g., mixed, laundered, diluted, or adulterated). Testing a fuel includes testing the fuel for a presence of a first marker in the fuel in a predetermined concentration range, and testing the fuel for a presence of a second marker. The presence of the first marker in the predetermined concentration range and an absence of the second marker may be indicative that the fuel is unaltered. The presence of the first marker in the fuel in a concentration less than the predetermined concentration range or the presence of the second marker may be indicative that the fuel is altered.

Abstract: A system and method for tagging, tracking, locating and identifying people and vehicles transporting people using Perfluorocarbon tracers. An on-going problem faced by military as well as law enforcement personnel is that of friendly fire incidents. To prevent possible friendly-fire incidents, troops would separate the two layers of the uniform patch, thereby releasing a controlled release of the Perfluorocarbon vapors. Other “friendly” troops, equipped with sensors tuned to the specific perfluorocarbon characteristics would thus be able to literally view a plume around the tagged person or object. The system may conversely be used to tag enemies. Formulations of mixed perfluorocarbons may be used to provide coding of emissions.

Abstract: A traceable treatment composition for treating a subterranean formation having multiple zones penetrated by a well bore comprising a homogenous blend of a tracking composition and a resin composition. The tracking composition comprises a substantially non-radioactive tracking material selected from the group consisting of a metal salt. The metal portion of the metal salt may be selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, lithium, molybdenum, and vanadium.

Abstract: A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon, biodiesel fuel or ethanol fuel by adding to the petroleum hydrocarbon, biodiesel fuel or ethanol fuel at least one compound having formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 independently represent at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy and nitro; and R3 and R4 independently represent hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nanoparticle smart tags and the use of nanoparticle smart tags in the detection of analyte. In particular, the present invention relates to nanoparticle smart tags that may be used in subgeologic formations to detect analytes of interest in real-time. One embodiment of the present invention provides a method of providing a drilling fluid having a nanoparticle smart tag; and a base fluid; and introducing the drilling fluid in a subsurface geologic formation that has an analyte.

Abstract: A gaming system including a central server linked to a plurality of gaming machines and a plurality of bonus awards. The central server monitors wagers on the gaming machines. Based at least in part on the wagers the central server determines when bonus events will occur and which gaming machine(s) will provide the bonus awards. In one embodiment, the central server determines which gaming machine will provide a primary bonus award and any secondary bonus awards, wherein at least one gaming machine may be provided a plurality of bonus awards.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the development of tracer fluids, more generally, that of aqueous liquids, intended to be injected under pressure in an oil reservoir, for example from an injection well up to a production well. The object of the invention is to propose a new method of study of a solid medium, i.e. an oil reservoir, by diffusion of a liquid (i.e. injection waters) containing tracers, through said solid medium, which is simple to implement and economical and which remedies the drawbacks of the known tracers for injection waters of oil reservoirs.

Abstract: A method of playing a wagering game comprises receiving a wager, and generating a randomly selected first outcome of a first wagering game, the first outcome comprising a first plurality of symbols arranged in a first matrix. The method further comprises generating a randomly selected second outcome of a second wagering game, the second outcome comprising a second plurality of symbols arranged in a second matrix, and simultaneously displaying the first outcome and the second outcome on at least one display. The method further comprises detecting an occurrence of a triggering event, in response to the triggering event, copying a first special symbol occurring in the first outcome into the second outcome to yield a modified second outcome, and evaluating the first outcome and the modified second outcome for winning combinations of symbols.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and system of reservoir interrogation. A tracer is encapsulating in a receptacle. The receptacle containing the tracer is injected into the reservoir. The tracer is analyzed for reservoir interrogation.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for determining the source of treatment fluids being produced from a production formation having multiple zones by introducing a treatment composition having a tracking material into a zone in the subterranean formation, and detecting the tracking material in treatment composition that flows back from the subterranean formation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process utilizing natural carbon-13 isotope for identification of early breakthrough of injection water in oil wells. All natural water sources are labeled by unique ratios of carbon isotopes (13C/12C). Following the requirements of the invention, the carbon isotope ratio for oil bearing formation water and for local aquifer water which is to be injected in to the oil reservoir rock is determined. The carbon isotope ratio of the produced water from the selected oil wells is then monitored periodically. When the carbon isotope ratio of the produced (oil well) water shows deviation from the formation water value and tends towards injection water value, then the early breakthrough phenomenon of injection water is identified. Thus the contrast in natural carbon isotope ratios of injection water, formation water and produced water from selected oil wells serve as tracer in the identification of “Early Breakthrough” phenomenon of injection water and its movement.

Abstract: A composition containing a petroleum hydrocarbon, a biodiesel fuel or an ethanol fuel, and an organic marker compound.

Abstract: A method and composition for identifying chemically tagged petroleum products can be achieved by adding one or more chemicals to a selected petroleum product wherein the chemical is immune to extraction from the petroleum product by conventional inexpensive absorbents, cannot be removed by extraction with acids, bases, or immiscible solvents, cannot be easily oxidized, reduced or reacted with common agents, is difficult to disguise by masking with other agents, has a low polarity, and has a boiling point in the range of the petroleum products the chemical is being added to. The presence of the chemical is determined by using ion mobility spectroscopy.