Abstract: An in vitro process for the detection and early detection of neurodegenerative diseases, for determination of the severity, and to evaluate the progression of and render a prognoses of neurogenerative diseases, in a patient suffering from a subjectively or objectively detectable cognitive impairment, by determining the concentration of an analyte selected from natriuretic peptides, in particular ANP, and, if necessary, BNP and/or CNP in a biological fluid of the patient, whereby the determination of the analyte is performed directly and/or indirectly as the determination of a relevant co-peptide generated from a mutual propeptide, and is based upon the measured concentration of the determined analyte thus making it possible to form conclusions about a neurodegenerative disease or an early form typical of such a disease or the course of the disease and/or the success of the efforts to relieve or prevent the disease.

Abstract: A substrate for biochips is manufactured so that the substrate has a substrate surface having a reaction region capable of reacting with biological substances and a non-reaction region not reacting with the biological substances, sunken bottomed wells formed in the substrate surface, and a layer of a material capable of reacting with the biological substances having a surface exposed only at the bottoms of the bottomed wells, the exposed surface forming the reaction region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel methods and compositions for detection and isolation of cancer cells with metastatic potential. The invention further relates to assays for measuring the metastatic potential of such cancer cells and drug screening assays for the identification of agents having anti-metastatic potential. The present invention further provides methods and compositions for inhibiting the metastatic potential of cancer cells by modulating the activity of serine integral membrane proteases [(SIMP) consisting of seprase and dipetidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV)] expressed on the surface of metastasizing cancer cells.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for measuring the contractility of intestinal tissue upon treatment with GLP-2 or a GLP-2 ligand. Also disclosed is an assay which directly measures the activity of GLP-2 or GLP-2 ligands ex vivo and permits the screening of putative GLP-2 ligands in native tissue.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate generally to macro and small molecule detection and, more particularly, to methods for detecting macro and small molecules, including bio-molecules, in a liquid or gaseous sample. Methods according to embodiments of the invention are useful in the identification, discovery, and validation of biomarkers, as well as the screening of individuals for such biomarkers for diagnostic, therapeutic, and forensic purposes. In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of detecting an analyte in a fluid sample, the method comprising: passing a fluid sample containing a labeled analyte across at least one assay surface containing a capture agent for the analyte; detecting the labeled analyte; repeating the passing and detecting steps at least once; and creating a binding curve for the analyte based on the detecting of the labeled analyte.

Abstract: The invention features methods for the identification of leucine-rich kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitors using indol ligand 91. Generally, these methods include identifying compounds that compete with indol ligand 91 for binding to LRRK2.

Abstract: Materials and Methods related to diagnosing a clinical condition in a subject, or determining the subject's predisposition to develop the clinical condition, using a multi-parameter system to measure a plurality of parameters and an algorithm to determine a disease score.

Abstract: The atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs) have markedly enhanced the treatment of schizophrenias but their use has been hindered by the major weight gain elicited by some AAPDs. We found that orexigenic AAPDs potently and selectively activate hypothalamic AMP kinase (AMPK), an action abolished in mice with deletion of histamine H1 receptors. These findings afford a means of developing better therapeutic agents and provide insight into the hypothalamic regulation of food intake.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for assessing risk of prostate cancer. Specifically, it relates to utilizing both Pro108 and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) in combination to determine the risk of prostate cancer. In addition, it is directed to a method for assessing risk of ovarian, colon, breast or stomach cancer utilizing Pro108 or specific antibodies to Pro108. The invention provides isolated anti-prostate, ovarian, colon, breast or stomach cancer antigen (Pro108) antibodies that bind to Pro108 on a mammalian cell in vivo. The invention also encompasses compositions comprising an anti-Pro108 antibody and a carrier. These compositions can be provided in an article of manufacture or a kit. Another aspect of the invention is an isolated nucleic acid encoding an anti-Pro108 antibody, as well as an expression vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid. Also provided are cells that produce the anti-Pro108 antibodies. The invention encompasses a method of producing the anti-Pro108 antibodies.

Abstract: Methods are provided for predicting responsiveness of cancer cells to chemotherapy by measuring the level of phosphorylated Stat or the level of expression of Survivin in a cancer and comparing the level in the cancer cell to the respective level in a control. Also provided are methods of selecting a chemotherapeutic treatment for a subject diagnosed with cancer by measuring the level of phosphorylated Stat or the level of expression of Survivin in a cancer and comparing the level in the cancer cell to the respective level in a control. Kits for performing the methods are also provided. Methods for modulating Survivin-dependent apoptosis in a cancer cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides for a novel cholesterol loaded insect cell membrane preparation having an increased cholesterol level as compared to physiological cholesterol levels of insect cell membranes or to control insect cell membrane preparations without cholesterol loading, wherein said cholesterol loaded membrane preparation comprises an ABC transporter protein having an increased substrate transport activity due to increased cholesterol level of the membrane. The invention also relates to reagent kits comprising the preparations of the invention. The invention also relates to methods for manufacturing said preparations and methods for measuring any type of activity of the ABC transporters present in the cholesterol loaded membranes as well as studying or testing compounds and interaction of compounds and ABC transporters, in this assay systems. The invention also provides for a test system useful for testing whether ABC transporter proteins can be activated by cholesterol in an insect cell membrane.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a dysregulation of a PRKX gene and the protein products thereof in Alzheimer's disease patients and individuals being at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Based on this finding, the invention provides methods for diagnosing and prognosticating Alzheimer's disease in a subject, and for determining whether a subject is at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, this invention provides therapeutic and prophylactic methods for treating and preventing Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders using a PRKX gene and its corresponding gene products. Screening methods for modulating agents of neurodegenerative diseases are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the domain of brain diseases, and provides novel markers and methods for diagnosing a brain alteration in an individual, especially in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The present invention also provides tools for evaluating the probability, for an individual, of developing the disease, as well as a target for identifying new drugs for treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In particular, the invention provides a genetic marker based on combination of two single nucleotide polymorphism, at positions ?389 and ?241 of the ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) gene.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are methods that are predictive of resistance to endocrine therapy in an estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) breast cancer patient. An exemplary method comprises detecting the overexpression of MN/CA9 gene expression product(s) in a sample from an affected subject, wherein if MN/CA9 is overexpressed, then the subject is considered to have a greater probability of resistance to endocrine therapy, particularly tamoxifen, and a corresponding poorer prognosis if undergoing endocrine therapy, than if MN/CA9 is not overexpressed. MN/CA9 gene expression products useful in the predictive/prognostic methods include MN/CA IX, MN proteins/polypeptides, MN nucleic acids and soluble MN/CA IX antigen (s-CA IX). The methods are useful as an aid in the selection of treatment for a patient with an ER-positive breast tumor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for providing molecules that are capable of inhibiting angiogenesis, comprising the steps of providing a range of molecules; testing whether these molecules can prevent interaction between JAM-B and JAM-C; testing the positive molecules for their ability to block angiogenesis in vivo; and selecting molecules that are positive in the angiogenesis test as angiogenesis inhibiting molecules. The method may further comprise the step of isolating or producing the angiogenesis inhibiting molecules. The invention further relates to the angiogenesis inhibiting molecules thus provided and produced, to their use in the treatment of cancer, to therapeutical compositions comprising them. In a particular embodiment the invention relates to monoclonal antibodies, in particular Mab H33, to soluble JAM-C and JAM-B and to small molecules.

Abstract: A method of in situ immunohistochemical analysis of a biological sample is provided. The method allows for the multiplex and simultaneous detection of multiple antigens, including multiple nuclear antigens, in a tissue sample.

Abstract: Methods of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of breast cancer, and of metastatic brain cancer, are provided The diagnostic and prognostic methods involve the immunohistochemical detection of the level of expression of the proteins claudin 1, 3, 4, and 7 in tissue or cell samples. Claudins 1 and 7 are underexpressed in the majority of breast cancers, and claudins 3 and 4 are overexpressed. The methods of treatment involve the use of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (or a variant thereof) to lyse metastatic cancer cells in the brain and bone that overexpress claudins 3 and 4.

Abstract: Class I major histocompatibility complex, is required in the activity-dependent refinement and plasticity of connections in the developing and adult central nervous system, demonstrating that molecules can perform critical roles in both systems. Similarities in the cellular signaling mechanisms of the immune and nervous systems provide for development of therapeutic and diagnostic agents in abnormal neuronal cellular function.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of identifying an antigen that is present in different amounts in two different samples. In general, the methods involve generating a first and second distinguishably labeled population of antibodies that reactive to the two samples, contacting the first and second labeled populations of antibodies with a plurality of antigens; and identifying any resultant antigens that are differentially bound by the first and second populations of antibodies. The antigens may be on the surface of cells e.g., animal cells, or on a solid support. Once identified, the nucleic acid encoding an antigen of interest may be identified and sequenced to reveal the identity of the antigen of interest. Kits for performing the methods are also provided. The methods find most use in medical and research applications, in particular, for identifying cell surface targets for immunotherapy and drug discovery.

Abstract: Antibody compositions and methods for treatment of neoplastic disease in a mammalian subject are provided. Methods of diagnosing cancer in a mammalian subject are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of diagnosing a disease or predicting an increased risk of a disease, such as obesity, obesity-dependent subacute inflammation, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and a metabolic disease, by determining the levels of omentin 1 and 2 protein in a subject, or by determining the levels of omentin 1 and 2 gene expression in a subject. The present invention is also directed to methods of disease treatment using omentin 1 protein and omentin 2 protein.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of identifying markers indicative of the risk of developing a neurodevelopmental disorder caused in part by antibody- or autoantibody-mediated damage of neural tissue, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The invention further provides methods of diagnosing whether an individual has a neurodevelopmental disorder, including an ASD, and methods for determining the risk that a mother's future offspring will develop an a neurodevelopmental disorder, including an ASD.

Abstract: The present invention dedicates to detect nephritis in early stage of either primary or secondary nephritis using an anti NC1 monoclonal antibody. The present invention dedicates to provide useful information for diagnosis of renal function to detect NC1 by immunofluorescent stain method in renal biopsy section obtained at early stage where immunoglobulins do not deposit yet in renal GBM etc, or by antigen-antibody reaction in urine or serum specimens. Furthermore, the present invention comprises to utilize for therapeutic use.

Abstract: The present invention provides the method of predicting an non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to find out another tumor marker which is useful for early diagnosis of melanoma, and provide a diagnostic kit and diagnostic method for malignant melanoma using such marker. The present invention provides a diagnostic kit for malignant melanoma, which comprises an antibody against SPARC and an antibody against GPC3.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of determining a susceptibility of a subject for development of ADHD. The method comprises obtaining a sample from the subject, analyzing the sample for an ADHD susceptibility haplotype of LPHN3 receptor which is associated with at least one genetic marker selected from the group consisting of rs7678046, rs1901223, rs6813183, and rs1355368, and determining if the subject has a susceptibility to develop ADHD, whereby the presence of the haplotype having one or more of the genetic markers is indicative of a susceptibility to develop ADHD. The invention also provides methods of treating ADHD.

Abstract: The present invention provides protein-based biomarkers and biomarker combinations that are useful in qualifying Alzheimer's disease status in a patient. In particular, the biomarkers of this invention are useful to classify a subject sample as Alzheimer's disease or non-Alzheimer's disease. The biomarkers can be detected by SELDI mass spectrometry.

Abstract: Methods to identify markers for brain damage using fresh brain tissue and methods and compositions for detecting these markers are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are immunoassay methods for the diagnosis/prognosis of diseases and disease susceptibility traits associated with gene mutations that cause protein truncation or allelic loss. The levels of one or more targeted wild-type proteins expressed by a subject gene or genes are immunologically quantitated in biological samples. Results indicating that a targeted wild-type protein is not present in an assayed sample, or that approximately 50% of the normal amount of such a wild-type protein is present in an assayed sample are considered to be positive for a mutation in one or both alleles of a subject gene, and correlated with the disease or the disease susceptibility trait associated with that mutation or mutations. Normal cells, particularly normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, are preferred biological samples.

Abstract: This invention relates to regulation of cell signaling, cell growth, and more particularly to the regulation of cancer or inflammatory cell growth and/or activation. The invention provides methods of inhibiting interactions between MUC1 and a heat shock factor, method of inhibiting interactions between transcription factors and the MUC1 promoter, and methods of inhibiting MUC1 expression. The invention also provides screening methods for identifying compounds that inhibit the aforementioned interactions. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the identified compounds can be useful in treating cancers and inflammatory conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a screening method/screening kit for an IL-13 production inhibitor, which comprises using (a) a protein comprising the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, or its partial peptide, or a salt thereof; and (b) a ligand capable of specifically binding to the protein; an IL-13 production inhibitor which is obtainable by said screening, and the like. The IL-13 production inhibitor which can be obtained by the screening of the present invention is useful as a prophylactic/therapeutic agent for, e.g., respiratory disease, etc.

Abstract: A membrane-coated particle composition and methods comprising a particle surrounded by a native cell membrane are disclosed. The cell membrane may contain selected receptors or binding components. At least a portion of the receptors or binding components are oriented on the membrane-coated particle in the same or similar orientation as in the native cell membrane. The membrane-coated particle(s) finds use, for example, in contexts of basic research, proteomics, drug discovery, drug delivery, medical diagnostics, and aspects of patient care.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel method for determination of ProGRP which is free from problems such as the dispersion in the values of measurements and operational constraints such as handling of a test sample. A method for the determination of a gastrin-releasing peptide precursor or a digest thereof using at least two different antibodies each of which can recognize a peptide comprising the partial amino acid sequence starting from amino acid residue 40 and ended at amino acid residue 75 in the amino acid sequence depicted in SEQ ID NO:1; and a method for the determination of a gastrin-releasing peptide precursor and/or a digest thereof using at least two different antibodies each of which can recognize a peptide comprising the partial amino acid sequence starting from amino acid residue 40 and ended at amino acid residue 79 in the amino acid sequence depicted in SEQ ID NO:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel antibody which selectively binds to the disease associated form of prion protein (PrPSc) under native conditions and the use thereof in methods of prion disease detection, therapy and disease research in general.

Abstract: Methods and compositions relating to Alzheimer's disease are provided. Specifically, proteins that are differentially expressed in the Alzheimer's disease state relative to their expression in the normal state are provided. Proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease are identified and described. Methods of diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using the differentially expressed proteins are also provided, as are methods for the identification and therapeutic use of compounds for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: In a wide variety of human solid tumors, an aggressive, metastatic phenotype and poor clinical prognosis are associated with expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase Met. Disclosed herein are (a) a monoclonal antibody named Met4, which antibody is specific for Met, and (b) a hybridoma cell line that produces Met4. The Met4 antibody is particularly useful for detecting Met in formalin-fixed tissue. Methods of using the Met4 antibody for detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluating therapeutic efficacy are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are immunoassay methods for the diagnosis/prognosis of diseases and disease susceptibility traits associated with gene mutations that cause protein truncation or allelic loss. The levels of one or more targeted wild-type proteins expressed by a subject gene or genes are immunologically quantitated in biological samples. Results indicating that a targeted wild-type protein is not present in an assayed sample, or that approximately 50% of the normal amount of such a wild-type protein is present in an assayed sample are considered to be positive for a mutation in one or both alleles of a subject gene, and correlated with the disease or the disease susceptibility trait associated with that mutation or mutations. Normal cells, particularly normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, are preferred biological samples.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a peptide derivative for determining ?-glucan or endotoxin which allows high sensitivity measurement, and a method for determining ?-glucan and/or endotoxin using the same.

Abstract: A novel prostate tumor associated gene (designated 24P4C12) and its encoded protein is described. 24P4C12 is highly expressed in prostate tissue xenografts, providing evidence that it is turned on in at least some prostate cancers. 24P4C12 provides a diagnostic and/or therapeutic target for prostate and other cancers.

Abstract: The present invention provides biomarkers for schizophrenic and bipolar disorders and methods of diagnosis, monitoring and screening associated with the biomarkers and kits for performing such methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the response to cancer therapy in an individual using image analysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel sequences for use in diagnosis and treatment of carcinomas, especially lymphoma carcinomas. In addition, the present invention describes the use of novel compositions for use in screening methods.

Abstract: Since FIV-vaccinated cats produce antibodies against FIV, distinguishing them from FIV-infected cats is difficult by serological diagnostic methods using FIV and FIV-derived substances. The present invention enables tests for determining the presence or absence of a FIV vaccination history in a cat by detecting antibodies that are produced as a result of vaccination of a cat with an FIV vaccine, but not as a result of FIV infection. Using the methods of the present invention, whether an anti-FIV antibody-positive cat is infected with FIV or has been vaccinated can be conveniently distinguished.

Abstract: ACTH analog compounds of the present invention include compounds comprising an ACTH peptide sequence with one or more structural modifications that can have one or more of the following preferred ACTH analog biological functions: (1) reduction of corticosteroid secretion by adrenal membrane in the presence of the ACTH analog compared to unmodified ACTH, (2) reduction of corticosteroid secretion by adrenal membrane in the presence of endogenous ACTH and (3) increased MC-2R binding affinity with reduced activation of the MC-2R receptor compared to unmodified ACTH binding to the MC-2R melanocortin. The ACTH analog compounds of the present invention are therefore useful for treatment or prevention of diseases and disorders related to ACTH, ACTH receptors or corticosteroid secretion, such as premature labor and Cushing's Disease.

Abstract: This invention features methods and compositions useful for the treatment and diagnosis of attentional disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Also disclosed are methods for identifying compounds useful for such therapy.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions related to diagnosing and treating hormone resistant cancers.

Abstract: The invention relates to purinergic (P2X) receptors, to detection of protein in extra-cellular body fluids and to antibodies for the diagnosis of a disease or condition, especially cancer.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and compositions for using chemosensory proteins derived from invertebrates to bind or detect specific compounds. Applications include use as detector elements in biosensors or other sensory devices and purification or concentration devices. Examples of proteins involved in the chemosensory pathway include odorant binding proteins (OBPs), sensory appendage proteins (SAPs), orthologs of the Drosophila melanogaster Takeout protein (TOLs), odorant or gustatory receptors (ORs, GRs, or collectively GPCRs), other serpentine receptors, and odorant degrading enzymes (ODEs). These classes of proteins participate in both the olfactory and gustatory sensory systems in invertebrates. The invention provides methods and compositions for identifying analytes such as effectors, binding partners, or other molecules that interact with the proteins involved in the chemosensory pathway.

Abstract: A diagnostic tool and method of diagnosing brain injury and brain injury type (traumatic vs. ischemic) by detecting the level of expression of endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP-II) and comparing to a control. An increase of EMAP-II indicates the presence of traumatic brain injury and a decrease of EMAP-II indicates the presence of ischemic brain injury. Detection of EMAP-II can be done in brain tissue, biofluids such as cerebrospinal fluid or blood (including plasma and serum).

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for screening molecules and methods to detect protein-protein interactions and means used therein. More specifically, the present invention relates to methods for screening candidate drugs for treating or detecting MIF (macrophage migration inhibitor factor) related diseases. In certain aspects, the present invention involves detecting MIF/Jab1 (c-Jun activation domain binding protein) interactions as a basis for modulating cellular regulatory pathways and for identifying candidate drugs for MIF-related diseases. The invention also provides methods for the identification of molecules which dissociate or prevent interaction or binding between MIF and Jab1.