Abstract: A method to assist in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease comprising detecting, in bodily fluids, two APP-related proteins, in soluble form, said proteins have an apparent molecular size of about 130 kDa and about 35 kDa, and each of said proteins shares at least one epitope with the C-terminus of APP corresponding substantially to amino acids 676-695 of APP as shown in FIG. 1.

Abstract: The present invention involves a method for detecting bladder cancer in a subject. The method preferably comprises first collecting a urine sample from the subject. The presence of a proteinaceous substance having a molecular weight of about 180 kDa according to its relative electrophoretic migration rate through detergent-containing polyacrylamide gel is then measured. This substance reversibly binds concanavalin A and is complexed with gamma globulin while in the urine. The gamma globulin complex binds to Staphlococcal protein A. Said proteinaceous substance, when present in detectable amount, is an indicator of bladder cancer.The method of the present invention for diagnosing bladder cancer in a subject may also be described as comprising detection in a urine sample from said subject of a proteinaceous substance having a molecular weight of about 180 kDa and being unreactive with antibodies specifically binding to carcinoembryonic antigen or epidermal growth factor receptor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing unreacted protein and unreacted antisera from a gel plate during immunofixation electrophoresis. The apparatus includes a pressure plate movable toward and away from a fixed base for exerting a desired force on the electrophoresis plate. A stop member limits the movement of the pressure plate toward the fixed base thus controlling the amount of pressure on the electrophoresis plate.

Abstract: The matrix carrier is a hinged compartment facilitating automation of DNA- and RNA-based diagnostics and genetic surveillance and detection. Specimens are embedded in a matrix in the carrier. The matrix is then treated by one or more of the techniques such as amplification, electrophoresis, and hybridization as selected for the desired analysis and then the sample is treated to detect the cellular component.

Abstract: An improvement in the immunofixation electrophoresis procedure for detecting proteins in serum, urine or cerebral spinal fluids. Samples are placed on a gel and subjected to electrophoresis for resolving or separating proteins. Thereafter, antisera are applied to the sample areas to cause an antibody-antigen precipitation reaction if the specific proteins are present. The invention includes the provision of a control system for each electrophoretic gel to verify that the antisera have retained their lability, i.e., the ability to react.

Abstract: A rapid and sensitive assay method for the detection of IgM antibody or the simultaneous detection of IgG and IgM antibody to retroviruses, including HIV-1 and HIV-2, and diagnostic test kits for carrying out the method is provided. According to the method of the invention, results are obtainable within 70 minutes.

Abstract: Method of assaying the apolipoprotein B (apo B) of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in serum enabling the performance successively, in a single operation, of separation of the LDLs from other lipoproteins containing apo-B by electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gel having a controlled degree of cross-linking and assay of the apo-B of the LDLs thus separated by electro-immunodiffusion in an agarose gel containing anti-apo B. Samples are placed in wells formed in the acrylamide gel, and the height of the precipitation arcs in the agarose gel is measured.

Abstract: Determination of a plurality of species of antibodies or antigens is attained by a method which comprises forming a plurality of different kinds of reaction membranes each having a different species of antibody or antigen on an electrophoretic carrier, superposing these reaction membranes, optionally superposing a filter on the laminate of reaction membranes, inserting the laminate in an electrolyte, adding a plurality of different species of antigens or antibodies corresponding to the plurality of species of antibodies or antigens supported in the aforementioned reaction membranes, electrophoretically moving the added antigens or antibodies through the electrolyte and enabling them to react with the antibodies or antigens supported on the reaction membranes, and measuring the concentrations of either the antigens or antibodies resulting from the reaction or the antibodies or antigens supported in an unreacted form on the reaction membranes.

Abstract: A method for immunoassay for an antigen involves the following steps: reacting a sample possibly containing an antigen to be determined, a definite amount of a conjugate of the antigen and a charged substance and a definite amount of labeled antibody specific for antigen; allowing the reaction products to electrophoretically migrate towards a carrier bearing an attached antibody specific for the charged substance, so that when the reaction products contact the carrier any reaction product of labeled antibody and antigen passes through the carrier and any reaction product of the labeled antibody and conjugate binds to the carrier attached antibody specific for the charged substance; determining the amount of labeled antibody thereby bound to the carrier and relating the determined amount of labeled antibody to the amount of antigen in the sample.

Abstract: Dry transparent analytical elements can be used to determine analytes which have been separated by electrically induced migration through a solid medium, e.g. by electrophoresis, or which are intracellular enzymes. The dry transparent element is placed on a plate containing the analytes, and kept there until the analytes have reacted to produce a non-diffusible detectable species solely in the element. The element is removed and the detectable species is evaluated therein. The elements contain a water-insoluble binder material having an interactive composition dispersed therein which reacts with analyte to produce the non-diffusible species. The same electrophoretic plate can be used to successively determine the same or a plurality of analytes since it is not altered or destroyed by contact with the dry element.

Abstract: A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is adapted for biochemical and similar testing on large area samples such as the gel of an electrophoresis apparatus. The gel is sandwiched between a pair of plates. One of the plates is of transparent material and, sandwiched between itself and the gel is a metal layer of a mosaic of silver dots. Light from a source is directed via a reflector and undergoes total internal reflection at the interfacce between the transparent plate and metal layer. The reflected light is passed via another reflector to a light detector. The equipment is arranged so that SPR occurs at the metal layer, which resonance is critically dependent upon the refractive index of the gel. The structure including the light source and detector, together with reflectors is caused to scan across the gel surface to enable a two-dimensional representation of the changes in refractive index across the gel to be built up. This enables the progress of sequencing to be monitored.

Abstract: The electrophoresis method of the present invention employs a media which contains uniformly dispersed liposomes of phospholipid, or combinations of phospholipid and neutral lipid, which contain chromogenic materials or dye precursers. After electrophoresis of a test sample, the liposomes are lysed and the chromogen or dye material released. The chromogen or dye can be any signal producing substance including a chromogenic agent, and enzyme, a fluorogenic agent, or a chemiluminescent agent, but a detectable signal occurs only where the staining material is in close proximity to specific enzymes, effectors, analytes, or other color-inducing agents which have migrated through the gel during electrophoresis.

Abstract: The present invention involves a method for separating biological molecules by subjection of said molecules to a separation system in a gel medium. The method most particularly involves the use of a gel slab suitable for such separations which is readily equilibrated with an appropriate solvent for the chosen separation system. An important aspect of the present invention involves the initial preparation of a gel slab comprising between about 0.5% and about 2.0% agarose and between about 1% and about 3.0% linear water-soluble and substantially nonionic polyacrylamide. A preferred gel slab of the present invention contains between about 1% and 3% agarose and about 3% linear, water-soluble, substantially nonionic polyacrylamide. The gel slabs of the present invention are preferably between about 1 mm and 0.5 mm in thickness.Said aged gel slab is then dried to produce a gel precursor sheet.

Abstract: A substantially pure antigen found on normal and benign breast epithelial cell membranes and in breast cancer cells, fused cell hybrids which produce antibodies specific for such antigen, the monoclonal antibodies produced by such fused cell hybrids, a method for detecting the presence of breast cancer in a patient which is based on measuring the concentrations of one or more determinants of such antigen in a patient sample, and a method for either identifying those breast cancer patients whose tumors would respond to estrogen manipulation or determining prognosis based on the degree of differentiation, which method is based on measuring the concentration of an estrogen-modulated determinant of such antigen.

Abstract: A kit for simultaneous immunoassay of at least two items which comprises a development layer material comprising a development layer permitting development of a sample; at least two, preferably three or more, reagents supported in optional places on the development layer and individually containing an antibody or antigen different from those of the other reagents; and a concave sample-spotting place provided in the same place as one of the places where the aforesaid reagents are supported or in a place remote from all of these places. And a process for simultaneous immunoassay of at least two items which comprising utilizing said kit. The reagents supported in the above mentioned optional places are contained in microcapsules or liposomes.

Abstract: Proteinaceous, antigenic factor derived from a group C Streptococcus which is receptor for the Fc region of IgG, a method for its preparation and immunoassay and antigen detection methods employing the receptor.

Abstract: An identification method, applicable to the identification of animals or inanimate objects, is described. The method takes advantage of a hithertofore unknown set of individual-specific, or IS antibodies, that are part of the unique antibody repertoire present in animals, by reacting an effective amount of IS antibodies with a particular panel, or n-dimensional array (where n is typically one or two) consisting of an effective amount of many different antigens (typically greater than one thousand), to give antibody-antigen complexes. The profile or pattern formed by the antigen-antibody complexes, termed an antibody fingerprint, when revealed by an effective amount of an appropriate detector molecule, is uniquely representative of a particular individual. The method can similarly by used to distinguish genetically, or otherwise similar individuals, or their body parts containing IS antibodies.

Abstract: An immunoassay comprisingimmobilizing antibody in a matrix for electrophoresis;immobilizing antigen in a measurement sample by subjecting the same to antigen antibody reaction with the above-mentioned immobilized antibody by a procedure of moving the antigen by electrophoresis;either moving labeled antibody to the above-mentioned immobilized antigen by electrophoresis to react the same with the immobilized antigen, or moving labeled antigen to the unreacted portion of the above-mentioned immobilized antibody by electrophoresis to react the same with the unreacted portion; andmeasuring the concentration of antigen in the sample, characterized byusing as a label for the labeled antibody or the labeled antigen an enzyme capable of coverting a substrate into a fluorescent substance,moving the substrate convertible into a fluorescent substance by said enzyme by electrophoresis,reacting the substrate with the label enzyme to convert the same into a fluorescent substance, andmeasuring the concentration of the fluore

Abstract: An improved crossed electrophoretic technique is disclosed, which is especially adapted for detecting the presence in serum of a protein associated with parenting a Down's syndrome child. The improved technique comprises reducing the second dimension gel antiserum concentration and increasing the second dimension voltage, to be within certain limits.

Abstract: Immunological methods are disclosed for diagnosing active human neurocysticercosis, including a serum test and a cerebrospinal fluid test. The serum test involves detecting an antibody in serum which recognizes at least one of three particular antigens isolated from Taenia solium larvae. The cerebrospinal fluid test involves detecting an antigen or antigens of larval origin, preferably by an ELISA technique.

Abstract: Mixtures of monoclonal antibodies which contain effective assaying amounts of each of at least two monoclonal antibodies that bind to different antigenic sites on the antigen and are capable under appropriate conditions of binding simultaneously to an antigen are useful in enhanced sensitivity assays for the antigen. By utilizing such mixtures in diagnostic assays for important antigens such as the polypeptide human chorionic gonadotropin enhanced sensitivity can be achieved as compared with assays employing individual monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for diagnosing and differentiating cancer by qualitative and quantitative determination according to an immuno-serological assay of cancer-related antigens in a body fluid, particularly glycoprotein, glycolipid and glycoantigen produced by cancerization or dedifferentiation of normal cells.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for examining cells, comprising subjecting the cells to an antigen-antibody reaction treatment, then measuring a pattern of the electrophoretic mobility of the cells and comparing the electrophoretic property of the cells under examination with the electrophoretic property of standard cells.

Abstract: An electroelution apparatus having at least one container for receiving a liquid, wherein the liquid volume of the container is less than 50 ml, a first electrode in the container on one side of the container and a second electrode in the container on the other side of the container, means for applying a sufficient voltage to the first and second electrodes to electrophoretically elute a charged biological molecule from a gel placed between the first and second electrodes, and means for interrupting the application of the voltage to the first and second electrodes. The elution time is 10 minutes or less, and the ratio of the volume of the gel to the volume of the liquid is greater than 1:100.

Abstract: Immunological methods are disclosed for diagnosing active human neurocysticercosis, including a serum test and a cerebrospinal fluid test. The serum test involves detecting an antibody in serum which recognizes at least one of three particular antigens isolated from Taenia solium larvae. The cerebrospinal fluid test involves detecting an antigen or antigens of larval origin, preferably by an ELISA technique.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for assaying a biocomponent on the basis of an amount of bound peroxidase by the steps of supporting a biocomponent or a target substance containing a biocomponent on a gel-like carrier, developing the biocomponent or the target substance by electrophoresis, binding a receptor to the biocomponent or the target substance, binding peroxidase to the receptor, and determining the amount of the bound peroxidase, wherein hydrogen peroxide and 4-methoxy-1-naphthol are used as substrates.

Abstract: A method and assay kit for determining the presence of an enzyme in a sample are provided. A sample suspected of containing the enzyme is applied to an image gel, which may be any conventional material, typically agarose gel. The sample may first be subjected to electrophoresis, or may be detected directly using the present invention. The image gel includes an immobilized phase capable of binding a product of the enzyme but not the substrate. By exposing the enzyme to substrate, and drawing the resulting reaction mixtures through the image gel, only the product is bound in the image gel. The presence of enzyme may then be determined by detecting the product in the image gel. In addition to developing electrophoresis gels, the method of the present invention will find great use in screening a plurality of complex mixtures which have been separated by other conventional techniques.

Abstract: Gel inserts comprising a solidified liquid such as agarose suitable for use in an electrophoretic method, lysed cells entrapped within a matrix formed by the solidified liquid and macromolecules such as DNA or intact chromosomes derived from the lysed cells may be advantageously used in electrophoretic separations. The gel inserts are placed directly in a suitable support medium and subjected to one or more electric fields to separate the macromolecules.

Abstract: The in-vivo effectiveness of cytostatic agents against immunological active tumors is determined by measuring immune markers and/or immune parameters in the serum before and up to 3 days after the application of the cytostatic agent. Preferably the deviation of coomplement binding capacity is used as immune parameter.

Abstract: A diagnostic strip which comprises a base having coated thereon a dried layer which has been formed by coating onto the base an aqueous solution which comprises from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight of agarose and from 0.5 to 3.0% by weight of non-cross linked polyacrylamide or polyvinyl alcohol or a mixture of these polymers, the dried layer being 0.1 to 100 .mu.m thick and comprising 10 to 50% by weight solids.

Abstract: A method comprising (a) applying a sample to at least two application areas on an electrophoretic gel; (b) electrophoresing the gel; (c) aligning a template onto the electrophoresed gel, the template having a template slot corresponding to each electrophoresed area; (d) applying a composition capable of fixing proteins in situ to at least one template slot and applying an antisera capable of reacting with one protein to at least one of the remaining template slots; (e) incubating the resultant product of step (d); (f) removing the template from the incubated, electrophoresed gel; (g) washing the incubated electrophoresed gel of step (f); (h) drying the washed gel of step (g); (i) staining the dryed gel of step (h); (j) destaining the stained gel of step (i); (k) drying the destained gel of step (j); and (l) analyzing the dryed gel of step (k).

Abstract: A composition for determining the fibrinogen content in plasma by electroimmunodiffusion, said composition essentially comprising heparin and agarose.

Abstract: A preparation for the detection of chlamydial infections using lipopolysaccharide of Re-lipopolysaccharide mutants of gram-negative bacteria. The lipopolysaccharide preparation is used in the production of group-specific antibodies to chlamydiae for diagnostic purposes or for the demonstration of antibodies to chlamydial group antigen in specimens.

Abstract: An immunoassay method for measuring a concentration of an antigen for a short period of time by immobilizing an antibody over the whole zone of an effective supporting matrix for electrophoresis and fixing an antigen in a sample to be measured by electrophoresis for the antigen-antibody reaction between said immobilized antibody and said antigen.

Abstract: Methods for the isolation and purification of an antigen, named NB/70K, from human ovarian carcinomas and radioimmunoassays for the detection of ovarian carcinomas, as well as an antibody specific for NB/70K.

Abstract: Solid supports for proteins consisting of nitrocellulose sheets containing a replica of an electropherogram of proteins as obtained by electrophoretic separation in a gel. Faithful replica of such electropherograms on the nitrocellulose support can be obtained by contacting the gel with a nitrocellulose sheet and applying an electric field perpendicular to the plane of the gel causing an electrophoretic migration of the proteins toward the nitrocellulose sheet where the proteins are adsorbed. Various analytical problems and especially immuno-assays, for enzyme immuno-assays or such involving radioactively labeled indicators, can be made with the new solid supports.

Abstract: A prostate antigen distinct from prostatic acid phosphatase has been detected in normal, benign hypertrophic and malignant prostatic tissues, but not in other human tissues. The prostate antigen was purified to homogeneity from prostatic tissues by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-BioGel A anion exchange chromatography, molecular sievings on Sephadex G-100 and Sephadex G-75, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified prostate antigen shows a single protein band on analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The molecular weight of purified antigen was estimated by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration to be 33,000 and by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 34,000 with no subunit. The prostate antigen had an isoelectric point of 6.9.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing mammalian breast cancer by detecting in the physiological fluid of said mammal an antigen (ACRT) having immune cross-reactivity with human reverse transcriptase, or detecting antibodies against said ACRT or detecting antibody-ACRT complexes, wherein the reverse transcriptase is substantially purified, has a molecular of about 70,000 and a sedimentation coefficient on a glycerol gradient of between 5 and 5.5 S. A process for the purification of reverse transcriptase from human milk.

Abstract: A system for electrophoretic analysis includes four tanks, each of which carries an electrolytic solution which accesses a different edge surface of a pair of parallel gel plates. The gel plates include an electrophoretic separation path formed of a selected medium, e.g. an isoelectric focusing gel, extending in a space between the plates and across opposite edges of the plates. A pair of nonpolar barrier webs extend between the plates parallel to and on each side of the path. A different medium, e.g. a running gel, occupies the areas between the gel plates from the opposite sides of the barriers to the remaining edges of the plates. A pair of gaskets are positioned along plate edges which are perpendicular to the path. The gaskets include access apertures for the path and the barriers. A specimen is positioned within a channel leading from an electrolytic solution tank to the path aperture of a gasket and between a dam and the aperture.