Abstract: An immunoreagent useful to diagnose Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is provided. The immunoreagent comprises tracer tagged antibodies which are selectively reactive with lymphoid cells of AIDS infected tissue. The antibodies are obtained from marmoset monkeys which are either afflicted with or have recovered from Marmoset wasting syndrome. The immunoreagent is employed in a method to diagnose AIDS in a suspected carrier. The method involves admixing the immunoreagent such as marmoset serum or purified immunoglobulins together with lymphoid tissue samples taken from the suspected carrier. After incubating the admixture under appropriate conditions favorable for the formation of an immune complex, the samples are assayed for a positive immune reaction.

Abstract: A method for the quantification of an antigen, antibody, or antigen-antibody complex in a sample solution involving measuring the results of an immunochemical agglutination reaction or an agglutination inhibition reaction by spectrophotometry, wherein after the initiation of the agglutination between the antigen, antibody, or antigen-antibody complex to be determined and sensitized carrier particles to which a substance specifically bindable to the said antigen, antibody, or antigen-antibody complex is bound, a fixing compound is added to fix aggregates formed by the agglutination. A measuring reagent kit or pack includes all the components for use in carrying out the above method.

Abstract: Treatment and screening materials and methods (as for cancer) are provided in which there is provided between a toxin and an anticancer antibody an intermediate antibody with an affinity for either the toxin or the anticancer antibody.

Abstract: An enhanced labelling complex for localizing markers on a prepared tissue section is disclosed. The complex includes both avidin components and biotinylated macromolecular components at a ratio preselected to provide a complex which is sufficiently large to include a large number of labels, and sufficiently small to penetrate the tissue section. The markers are localized by first introducing a biotinylated link into the tissue section and thereafter exposing the section to the labelling complex.

Abstract: A non-human, mammalian monoclonal receptor produced and secreted by a hybridoma having the ATCC accession number HB 8568 and methods of preparing and using same, as well as diagnostics utilizing the receptor are disclosed. The monoclonal receptor reacts with cells such as human neuroectodermal tumors having ganglioside GD.sub.2 antigen expressed on their cellular membrane surfaces.

Abstract: A method for obtaining fetal cells for diagnostic examination comprises removing detached cells from the uterine cavity and outer surface of the amnionic sac. The cells are then incubated in the presence of a separation antibody which binds preferentially to either fetal cell antigens or maternal cell antigens for a time sufficient to permit antibody-antigen binding to occur. Cells having said separation antibody bound thereto are separated for the mixture. The separation antibody can be an anitbody binding preferentially to fetal cell antigens and not significantly to maternal cell antigens or it can be an antibody binding preferentially to maternal cell antigens and not significantly to fetal cell antigens. The antibody can be bound to an insoluble support prior to the incubation, and separation can be effected by separating the insoluble support from the cell mixture following the incubation.

Abstract: The present invention is a ready-to-use microtube and method for the simple and accurate identification of beta-hemolytic streptococci from inoculated swabs. Non-volatile reagents are selected and affixed to two separate loci within the microtube by means of a stable, water-soluble or -dispersible binder. At the time of patient examination, the patient site (pharynx, etc.) is swabbed and the swab is placed, tip down, in the prepared microtube. Four to six drops of distilled water are added, the swab is rotated and, after a brief incubation period, an agglutination agent is used to verify the presence or absence of a specific streptococcus group antigen by the presence or absence of a visible agglutination. The test is suitable for use in identifying any streptococcus group which bears antigens susceptible to extraction by nitrous acid, including in particular the clinically significant group A, B, C, F, and G beta-hemolytic streptococci.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for potentiating the cytotoxic activity of immunogotoxin conjugates are provided. The compositions of the present invention include a selective binding agent such as an antibody coupled to a toxin B chain moiety such as ricin B chain.

Abstract: Compositions and methods useful for identification or diagnostic use, or inhibition of adherence of uropathogenic bacteria to cells, all in connection with uropathogenic bacterial infections, containing as an active constituent the structural element, preferably in terminal position:.alpha.--D--Galp--(1-4)--D--Gal.process for identification or quantification of such structural element in native biological material from mammals including man, comprising using antibodies, the generation of which has been initiated by such composition. A process for the identification of bacterial acceptor structures (pili, syn. fimbriae) recognizing the described structural element, comprising using this recognition. A process for purifying acceptor structures of bacteria, comprising using for the purification the affinity between such structural element and the corresponding acceptor structures on the bacteria.

Abstract: An HLA-DR typing test based on lymphocytotoxicity in which a vital dye-labeled total human lymphocyte sample, such as a sample of peripheral blood lymphocytes, is incubated with HLA-DR antisera, a monoclonal antibody against T cells, and complement and the DR type is determined based upon the resultant cytotoxicity as measured by the fluorescence of B cells surviving the incubation.

Abstract: A lysing agent and a method for utilizing the lysing agent in the identification and enumeration of cells of a select subclass of leucocytes is provided. The lysing agent includes formaldehyde, an alkali or alkaline earth salt of a weak acid and a polyhydric alcohol.

Abstract: A preparation for the detection of chlamydial infections using lipopolysaccharide of Re-lipopolysaccharide mutants of gram-negative bacteria. The lipopolysaccharide preparation is used in the production of group-specific antibodies to chlamydiae for diagnostic purposes or for the demonstration of antibodies to chlamydial group antigen in specimens.

Abstract: A method is provided for solid phase immunoassay for quantitation of antigen, hapten or antibody analyte in liquid sample and alternatively for quantitation of analyte occuring on or attached to cells or other particulate material in a liquid sample. The solid phase is suspended for at least the initial reactions and is subsequently concentrated by microfiltration to a volume substantially less than the sample volume. Luminescence of substantially the entire label on the concentrated solid phase is measured.

Abstract: A specific binding enzyme-resistant ligand assay test material, which material comprises (a) a solid phase incorporated with one partner of a specific binding pair comprising said ligand or a binding analog thereof and a specific binding protein therefor; (b) a conjugate comprising the other partner of said specific binding pair incorporated with a substance which protects the specific binding protein of said pair from enzyme inactivation when bound with its partner; and (c) an active protein-inactivating enzyme. Also a specific binding method of assaying for an enzyme-resistant ligand in a sample, which method uses the above test material and which results in a reduction in interference caused by non-specific protein.

Abstract: A method of distinguishing subsets within a plurality of human cells including producing a monoclonal antibody to a non-human primate cell, contacting the monoclonal antibody with the human cells, and distinguishing the subsets on the basis of different degrees of reactivity with the monoclonal antibody.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for providing an optical detection of a binding reaction between a ligand and an antiligand, including, a pattern formed by a spatial array of microscopic dimensions of antiligand material, ligand material interacting with the antiligand material to produce a binding reaction between the ligand and the antiligand in the pattern, a source of optical radiation including energy at at least one wavelength directed to the pattern at a particular incidence angle to produce scattering of the energy from the pattern in accordance with the binding reaction and with a strong scattering intensity at one or more Bragg scattering angles, and at least one optical detector located relative to the pattern and aligned with a Bragg scattering angle to detect the strong scattering intensity at the Bragg scattering angle to produce a signal representative of the binding reaction.

Abstract: Two monoclonal antibodies (3-3 and 3-40) were produced which identify two new leukemia associated antigens. Both antibodies reacted with most cell lines derived from patients with T lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), but were not detected on suspensions of normal hematopoietic cells, including thymocytes, by cytotoxicity, absorption of indirect immunofluorescence assays. Analysis of fresh leukemic cells indicated that mAb 3-3 only reacted with T-ALL cells, while mAb 3-40 reacted with some non-T non-B ALL cells and a few acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) cells, as well as T-ALL cells. The 3-40 antigen was also found histopathologically in frozen sections of several normal tissues, including the epithelial cells and a few lymphoid cells of the thymus, and some malignant tissues, while the 3-3 antigen was not found in any tissue studied. A "double absorption" assay provided additional serological evidence the the two antibodies identify different antigenic determinants.

Abstract: The reagent is constituted by a suspension of basophil granulocytes bearing specific IgE's, containing from 300 to 1000 basophils per mm.sup.3. This suspension is obtained from a blood sample taken from a human or animal patient, by means of a liquid of density 1.079-1.085. It is deposited in the various wells of a diagnosis read-out slide or the like, for diagnosing parasitoses or allergies. The diagnosis method is applied particularly to worm parasitoses which causes an increase in the circulating specific IgE's. The diagnosis may be carried by using ready-for-use kits.

Abstract: A method and device for detecting an antigenic material in which the device comprises a test utensil having an indentation in which two reagent spots are placed, the first body being a dyed substrate having a coating of an antibody or antibody-like material thereon and the second of the two reagent spots comprising a dyed test-inert material or a dyed substrate with a coating of a normal animal serum, the dye employed in the second reagent spot having a different color than that employed in the first spot. When a liquid test sample is added to the indentation, the dyed substrate particles or components are suspended or solubilized, and the resulting suspension gives the appearance of a third color. A positive agglutination test is indicated by the formation of at least one spot having the color of the first dyed substrate against a background having the color of the second dyed substrate.

Abstract: An automated system for rapid sequential photometric analysis of a collection of double fluorochrome stained lymphocyte specimens, useful for antibody screening or lymphocytotoxicity analysis. The specimens are sequentially alternately irradiated with light of two distinguishable wavelengths, producing fluorescence at two distinguishable wavelengths. The fluorescent emission light intensity for each irradiation of each specimen is measured using a photometer and computer. The computer controls the synchronization of the irradiation through alternately selected condenser sets with the sequential movement of specimens into the optical path of the irradiating and detected light, and calculates the quotient of the light intensities emitted from each specimen at the two selected fluorescent light wavelengths. These quotients are compared against a control ratio (for lymphocytotoxicity analysis) to classify the specimen.

Abstract: An immunoassay by which a plurality of kinds of antigens or antibodies in one test sample may be simultaneously quantified. Each of a plurality of kinds of microcapsules is first provided for each kind of a plurality of antigens or antibodies to be quantified such that the microcapsules bind an antibody or antigen specific to one kind of the plurality of antigens or antibodies to be quantified. The microcapsules are formed of a membrane capable of being lysed by the complement activity, and each kind of microcapsules contains therein a substance that is quantifiable and does not interact with another quantifiable substance contained in other kinds of microcapsules. The plurality of kinds of microcapsules are mixed with a test sample and complement, and the quantifiable substances are released from the microcapsules upon lysis of the microcapsules by the complement activity. The quantifiable substances are then quantified.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the objective determination of the degree of reaction between a suspected allergen and a blood sample, by comparing the number and/or size-distribution of white blood cells present in the blood sample before and after reaction thereof with the suspected allergen.

Abstract: Immunoassays which utilize an enzyme linked ligand or receptor wherein the enzyme is bacterial luciferase; mercantile kit useful in performing said immunoassay; and compounds utilized in performing said assay.

Abstract: An immunoassay for detecting disease associated Ig, such as IgM associated with acute forms of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Wells of microtiter plates are first coated with an antibody against the Ig to be detected and the test sample, e.g. serum, is then added and incubated. After removal of non-adsorbed materials from the wells, an insoluble visible form of the cognate antigen to the Ig, such as antigen fixed to latex particles, is added. If no such Ig is present in the sample, the antigen will appear as a smooth button on the bottom of the well; whereas if such Ig is present in significant quantity, the antigen will be captured by adsorbed antiIg-Ig complexes and distributed on the wall of the well according to the distribution of the antiIg-Ig complex thereon.

Abstract: A method and serological reagent for determining antigens or antibodies with enhanced sensitivity and specificity techniques acts in an interdependent manner in one diagnostic unit of two separately acting components. This action can be simultaneous or consecutive and the combined effect inhibits "lectin-like" factors or "unspecific antibodies" and detects specific antibodies or antigens.

Abstract: A method for distinguishing multiple subpopulations of a cell sample whereby human natural killer cells subpopulations can be monitored. The method utilizes two monoclonal antibodies identified as anti-Leu-7 and anti-Leu-11.

Abstract: Rapid screening of a large number of organisms for variants producing particular products is accomplished using membrane plates having a predetermined molecular weight cutoff and which divide a container into two chambers. High density cellular lawns are employed in conjunction with labeled antibodies for the product of interest mixed in soft agar. The cells are subjected to viral lysis and after the plaques have reached maturity, the plates are immersed in buffer. Residual soluble labeled antibody diffuses from the agar, and immunoprecipitate of the product and the antibody may then be detected.

Abstract: A method for identifying subpopulations of cells of interest without interference from other cells. In the method, a sample of at least three (3) types of cells, including a first and second type of cell which form a subpopulation of cells of interest and a third type of cell which interferes with the identification of said subpopulation, is divided into at least two (2) aliquots. A first antibody which is specific for the third type of interfering cells but not for the subpopulation, is labeled with two (2) fluorochromes, each of the fluorochromes having distinct emission spectra. The labeled first antibody is then added to a first one of the sample aliquots so as to label the third type of cells with the first antibody. A first analysis is performed by analyzing each cell to determine the fluorescence emitted and to count the third type of cells so as to distinguish the third type of cells from the subpopulation. The information obtained from the first analysis is retained for subsequent use.

Abstract: A number of naturally occurring antibodies to human erythrocyte surface antigens are capable of combining with their specific antigens (for example, Rhesus factor), but are not capable of producing visible hemagglutination. Also, the sensitivity of many diagnostic methods, such as in human blood typing, depends upon cell agglutination.The present invention provides liposome-protein conjugates, especially useful for hemagglutination assays, having an enhanced agglutination capacity with respect to antibody fromThe invention described herein was made in the course of work under a grant or award from the Department of Health and Human Services.

Abstract: This invention is directed to AUT-PK 500, a novel autophosphorylating protein kinase, to the purification and characterization of AUT-PK 500 from rat adrenocortical carcinoma, to the use of AUT-PK 500 as a marker for neoplasia cells, and to a radioimmunoassay for detecting AUT-PK 500 in neoplasia cells.

Abstract: A reagent for the determination of an antibody against an esterase from pathogenic streptococci, which comprisesreagent 1: an esterase (a) from pathogenic streptococci,reagent 2: a protein (b) which is capable of binding to an antibody (d) against the esterase (a) and is bound to an insoluble carrier, andreagent 3: a reagent (c) for measuring an activity of the esterase (a),and a method for the determination of an antibody against an esterase from pathogenic streptococci. The reagent and method of the present invention are useful for diagnosis of various diseases caused by pathogenic streptococcal infections.

Abstract: Microorganisms and unicellular organisms in a sample are identified or determined by exposing the sample to an adsorbent having a specific binding power for the entity to be determined to bind the entity to the adsorbent, separating unbound sample, exposing the adsorbent containing the entity to a nutrient medium to initiate metabolism with resulting change in the physical or chemical characteristics of the substrate and observing these changes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel immunoassay device and method for the determination of antigenic substances. The device essentially comprises a pattern or array of minute antibody-coated spots on the surface of a support. The array of antibody-coated spots is preferably in the form of a rectangular matrix. Each antibody-coated spot is made up of antibodies of a different and distinct specificity. A large number of different antibody-coated spots can be assembled on a very small portion of the surface of the support. The spots serve as tiny, specific immunoadsorbents of cells. The expression of particular surface antigen by cells may be detected by determining to which antibody-coated spot the cells bind.

Abstract: A direct particle agglutination immunoassay for assaying an antigenic substance (Ag) in a fluid. The immunoassay is the type which comprises:(a) contacting the fluid with an antibody (Ab) coated particle (P) to agglutinate the Ab coated particles; and(b) detecting the presence of agglutination.The immunoassay is characterized in that the fluid is contacted with at least one additional entity selected from a group consisting of at least one different type of antibody (Ab.sub.a) coated particle (P.sub.1) and at least one different type of antibody (Ab.sub.b). The P.sub.1 is selected from a group consisting of P, at least one different particle (P.sub.2), and mixtures thereof (P and P.sub.2). Each type of Ab.sub.a -P.sub.1 and Ab.sub.b has a lower average affinity constant (K) for Ag than the K of Ab-P and the additional entity is present in an amount sufficient to avoid a high antigen false negative effect.Also, a reagent of the type comprising Ab-P.

Abstract: A process for producing an adult T cell leukemia associated antigen is disclosed wherein an adult T cell leukemia associated antigen producing cell is treated with a surfactant. A method for assaying adult T cell leukemia associated antibodies by enzymoimmunoassay, radioimmunoassay or passive hemagglutination is also disclosed. In this method, the adult T cell leukemia associated antigen obtained by treating the adult T cell leukemia associated antigen producing cells with a surfactant is used as the antigen in the assay procedure.

Abstract: Novel compositions and methods are provided for detecting the presence of a material of interest in a specimen on a solid surface. A composition useful for detecting the presence of a material of interest in a specimen comprises (1) a detector conjugate comprising a fluorescing moiety bonded to a compound capable of specific binding with the material of interest, or a derivative thereof, and (2) a non-detector conjugate comprising a poly(amino acid) and a compound having substantial structural and charge similarity to the fluorescing compound and no observable fluorescence, or low level fluorescence of a different wavelength than that of the fluoresing compound, in the region of fluorescence of the fluorescing compound. In the method of the invention, a specimen, on a solid surface, is combined with the detector conjugate and the non-detector conjugate, and the combination is incubated.

Abstract: Urinary particulates in a human subject which have been coated with THP is determined to be from the region of the nephron which is above the Henle loop in the nephron where THP is produced. The identification of those particles in the urine sample which had been coated with THP is performed by subjecting the sample to THP antibodies to form THP antibody-antigen complexes. These complexes can be identified by a number of ways, such as visual, fluorescent, etc. By determining the percentage of the total particulates which have the coating of THP, a diagnostic tool for determining renal disorders is disclosed.

Abstract: A cell matrix receptor specific for laminin expressed on the surface of carcinoma and epithelial cells is provided. The binding of these cells to extracellular matrix is mediated by the laminin molecule, which has binding domains for type IV collagen of the matrix and the cell surface receptor. Fragments of the laminin molecule lacking the type IV collagen binding domain and antibodies to the receptor are useful in conjunction with the cell receptor as ligands in binding assays for cancer diagnosis and in cancer management.

Abstract: A method for the determination of antigens or antibodies in a fluid by incubation of particles, which have antigens on the surface, and antibodies, whereby either the antigens or the antibodies are of known specificity is described. This method comprises introducing the antigen/antibody complex into a container having a conical-shaped or keel-shaped bottom recess, whereby at least the recess of the container is coated with an immunoglobulin-building component which is directed against the antibodies. After centrifugation the amount of the sediment is determined, which indicates whether the antigen or antibody to be determined is present or not.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an in vitro assay, useful in determining the effectiveness of anti-allergy compounds and/or useful in measuring the degree of sensitivity of a patient to particular allergens.The present invention permits potential anti-allergy agents to be assayed in a number of ways. For example, the binding and dissociation rates of IgE to the mast cells in the presence and the absence of the substance being tested may be measured thereby giving a direct indication of that substance's ability to interfere with the IgE binding reaction. Another measure of a substance's potential as an anti-allergy agent is based upon the release of mediators or other compounds from the mast cells after sensitization by the allergen and exposure of the sensitized cells to the allergen.

Abstract: The disclosed methods improve conventional agglutination processes for assaying immunoreactive and like substances, primarily by improving the measurement of the agglutination itself. Suspensions containing agglutinated particles are automatically inspected, preferably intermittently during the agglutinating reaction, and the resulting data are processed to identify individual particle aggregates of a selected limited class, which may, for example, comprise aggregates having sizes within a limited size interval. The numbers of such aggregates are compared with corresponding reference values obtained with standard solutions and suitable controls to evaluate the concentration of one of the reactive substances, or other information. The aggregate size intervals and other parameters which are used to define aggregate classes are preferably selected with attention to the detailed behavior of each test system.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for removing immuno-specifically recognizable substances in the form of immune complexes from a solution. The solution containing preformed immune complexes or immune complexes already present therein is contacted with an adsorbent consisting of non-immunospecific factor such as Clq, rheumatoid factor, Fc receptor and Fc receptor-bearing cells.

Abstract: A receptor-based clinical or research competitive inhibition assay method for determining histamine in body or laboratory fluids is disclosed. A kit for carrying out the method is also described comprising an amount of histamine receptors sufficient to provide an excess of receptors for binding with the amount of histamine in the sample to be assayed, and an amount of a histamine-indicator conjugate sufficient to react with the resulting unbound histamine receptors present after reaction of the histamine sample with the histamine receptors.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for an immunoassay of a binding reaction between a ligand and an antiligand which are typically an antigen and an antibody, including a spatial pattern formed by a spatial array of separate regions of antiligand material, and ligand material dispersed to interact with the spatial array of separate regions of antiligand material for producing a binding reaction between the ligand and the antiligand in the spatial patterns and with the bound complexes labeled with a particular physical characteristic. A source of input energy and with the input energy at a particular spectrum for interacting with particular physical characteristic of the labeled binding reaction.

Abstract: Improved results are achieved in fluorochromasia lymphocytotoxicity for cell typing by adding antifluorescer to reduce background fluorescence as a result of cell lysing.

Abstract: Methods are provided for detecting thioesterase II enzyme in both tissue and serum samples. The presence of thioesterase II in other than mammary epithelial tissue is associated with neoplastic mammary epithelial cells.

Abstract: Heterobifunctional reagents are used to conjugate molecules or macromolecular structures (e.g., antigens or antibodies) to membranes of non-nucleated or nucleated cells, or to liposomes, these cells being useful in highly sensitive hemolytic or immunocytoadherence assays to detect picogram quantities of antibodies or antigens.

Abstract: Sensitive detection techniques and compositions for such techniques employing fluorescent proteins having bilin prosthetic groups as labels i.e. phycobiliprotein. The bilin containing proteins can be conjugated to ligands or receptors for use in systems involving ligand-receptor binding for the analysis, detection or separation of ligands and receptors. Particularly, one or more of the bilin containing proteins may be used as labels in conjuction with each other or other fluorescers for defining subsets of naturally occurring aggregations e.g. cells.

Abstract: Immunologic assay for biological and pharmaceutical substances sets forth a universal method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of biologic and pharmaceutical substances, thus eliminating the need for multiple samples at multiple laboratories and minimizing the time factor required for such determinations. The assay is based on the recognition and binding of an antibody and an antigen or hapten to form a complex, and the changes which occur in the antibody conformation and chemical properties when such a complex is formed.A solid phase matrix, such as but not limited to a microtiter plate, is prepared having qualitative and/or quantitative spectrum of antibodies, or spectrum of antigens or haptens, bound in each position, which in the case of microtiter plates would be a sample well. The sample is then distributed to each of the positions or wells accordingly.

Abstract: An assay for simultaneously determining the ratio of B cells and T cells to the total cell population and subpopulations thereof present in a lymphocyte population utilizes excess amounts of B cell binding protein and T cell binding protein bound to solid phase particles. By exposing the particles to the lymphocyte population, rosettes are formed which may be visually distinguished and counted under a microscope, yielding the proportions of B cells and T cells, including any subpopulations for which a specific label was provided. Macrophages may be identified by their ability to ingest the particles.