Abstract: A single, stable reagent and automatable methods utilizing the reagent for the assay of calcium in serum and aqueous samples, such as urine. (Aqueous samples contain little or no protein.) The reagent includes arsenazo III, 8-hydroxyquinoline, a buffer that does not bind calcium competitively with arsenazo III and that provides a reagent pH from about 8.5 to about 10, the buffer being in sufficient amount to maintain pH within +/- 0.1 pH units of the reagent pH when the reagent is added to a sample of unknown calcium content, dimethylsulfoxide and water. Importantly, dimethylsulfoxide permits the incorporation of 8-hydroxyquinoline into a single, stable reagent, which is at an alkaline pH that is optimal for calcium measurement by the calcium-arsenazo III complex. 8-Hydroxyquinoline eliminates assay interference due to magnesium ion. Also, at least one non-ionic surfactant in sufficient amount to minimize lipid turbidity may be added to the reagent.

Abstract: Tetra-substituted aryl cyclic formazan dyes are useful in assaying for lithium. The dyes have the structure: ##STR1## in which X represents CN or NO.sub.2 ;Y represents CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 or CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 ; andR.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represent butyl, halogen, alkoxy or NO.sub.2.

Abstract: The invention is reagents and procedures for determining an amount of cations present in a sample, the reagent including one or more chromogenic cryptand compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein k and j, either same or different, are equal to 1 to about 5;m and n, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 4;a and e, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 2;b and d, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 5;R, either same or different, is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkylidene, lower alkenyl, allyl, or aryl; and--Q-- is ##STR2## wherein X and CH, N, or COH; and Y includes ##STR3## except that when Q is ##STR4## wherein Y is p-nitrophenylazo, 3-phenylisothiazolyl-5-azo, isothiazolyl-5-azo, thiazolyl-5-azo, 2,4,6-trinitrophenylazo, p-nitrostyryl, p-benzoquinonemonoimino or bis-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)hydroxymethyl, then the following condition cannot be present: that simultaneously b is equal to 0 or 1, d is equal to 0 or 1, j is equal to 1, n is equal to 1 or 2, a is equal to 1, e is

Abstract: The present invention is related to compounds of the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl andR.sup.2 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, or a substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl and their preparation. The compounds can be used in an iron assay system.

Abstract: A color test is presented for the purpose of quickly identifying glaze or enamel coatings which releases excessive Pb. Citric acid solution on filter paper is used to extract Pb from the coatings and a Pb sensitive chromogen indicates the presence of Pb on the paper. The quick color test takes approximately 30 minutes to complete. The kits are also provided for determining whether excessive Pb is present in a glaze or enamel coating.

Abstract: Correcting an initial measurement of the concentration of a first water soluble species dissolved in a water-based component of a biological fluid that also includes a second water soluble species and a volume occupying component, the initial measurement having been taken using an original sample of the fluid that had been diluted by an amount of additional aqueous solution to form a diluted sample is disclosed; the concentration of the second water soluble species is measured in an undiluted sample of the biological fluid to obtain a direct concentration and is measured using a diluted sample of the fluid to obtain an indirect concentration, and the initial measurement of concentration of the first species is adjusted based on a combination of the direct and indirect concentration determinations of the second species.

Abstract: The invention is reagents and procedures for determining an amount of cations present in a sample, the reagent comprising(a) one or more chromogenic cryptand compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein k and j, either same or different, are equal to 1 to about 5;m and n, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 4;a and e, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 2;b and d, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 5;R, either same or different, is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkylidene, lower alkenyl, allyl, or aryl; and--Q-- is ##STR2## wherein X is CH, N, or COH; andY includes ##STR3## and (b) one or more interfering cation complexing compound masks.

Abstract: The present invention resides in the discovery of a new class of compounds defined herein as "chromogenic hemispherands" useful for the measurement of ions, in particular, ions in aqueous solution, methods of using the chromogenic hemispherands and test devices containing the chromogenic hemispherands. The chromogenic hemispherands of the invention have the structure ##STR1## wherein: R, same or different, is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkylidene, lower alkenyl, allyl or aryl;R', same or different, is lower alkyl, lower alkylidene, lower alkenyl, allyl or aryl;R", same or different, is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkylidene, lower alkenyl, allyl or aryl;Q is a chromogenic moiety capable of providing the appearance of or change in color, or which is otherwise capable of providing a detectable response in the presence of a particular cation;m is 1 to about 3;n is 0 to about 3;P is an aliphatic or aromatic subunit, e.g., --CR.sub.2 CR.sub.2 OCR.sub.2 CR.sub.

Abstract: A method of measuring calcium ions is disclosed wherein a calcium sensitive reagent, calcichrome, is immobilized on a porour polymer film. The reaction of the calcium sensitive reagent to the Ca(II) is then measured and concentration determined as a function of the reaction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining lithium ion concentrations in an aqueous sample are provided wherein the selectivity is improved by the addition of orotic acid. The orotic acid precipitates sodium and potassium ions which can interfere with the lithium ion determination.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the determination of iron in body fluids by liberation of the bound iron, reduction to Fe.sup.2+, addition of a color system appropriate for the detection of iron and photometric measurement in a tenside-containing sample solution, wherein a fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester, an alkanol polyglycol ether and at least 1 mole/liter quanidine hydrochloride are added to the sample solution. The present invention also provides a reagent for the determination of iron in serum, containing a reducing agent, a color material system appropriate for the detection of iron and guanidine hydrochloride and at least one tenside, wherein it contains a fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester and a alkanol polyglycol ether.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring the physical and chemical properties of a sample fluid by measuring an optical signal generated by a fluorescent substance and modulated by an absorber substance. The emission band of the fluorescent substance overlaps the absorption band of the absorber substance, and the degree of overlap is dependent on the physical and chemical properties of the sample fluid. The fluorescent substance and absorber substance are immobilized on a substrate so that an effective number of molecules thereof are sufficiently close for resonant energy transfer to occur, thereby providing highly efficient modulation of the fluorescent emissions of the fluorescent substance by the absorber substance.

Abstract: A urine specimen is preserved from bacterial deterioration as to relative constituents by adding thymol. To the thymol-treated specimen, lithium-solution volume-marker is added, then is divided into two (first and second) separate portions. Thereupon, using the first portion, standard conventional measurements and/or analysis is conducted for total volume, pH/acidity, uric acid, citrate, sodium, and potassium. To the second portion, there is added boric acid and hydrochloric acid, followed by standard/conventional measurement and/or analysis for ammonium ion, citrate, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, oxalate and sulfate. Thereafter the findings are charted and compared to controls.

Abstract: Novel tetra-substituted aryl cyclic formazan dyes are useful in assaying for Li.sup.+.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in the measurement of total iron binding capacity of blood serum or plasma comprises a container having a removable closure and containing a measured quantity of dried iron-saturating substance, which is adhered to the inner surface of the container or of the closure and a measured quantity of dried alumina. The invention further provides a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for measurement of total iron binding capacity using the apparatus.

Abstract: An agent and process are used for the determination of calcium in liquids. The agent contains essentially orthocresolphthalein complexone, an acid and a zwitterionic buffer and is characterized in that the buffer contains at least one sulphonic acid amine of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and denote H or alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or cycloalkyl having in each case up to 8 C atoms andR.sub.3 denotes alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having up to 8 C atoms.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentrations of total calcium and at least one monovalent ion in a sample includes the steps of mixing the sample with a diluent that has a pH within the range pH 6.5 to 7.0 and includes 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol phosphate and is free of the monovalent ion. An aliquot of the diluted sample is concurrently contacted with a calcium-specific ion selective electrode and an ion selective electrode specifically responsive to the monovalent ion, the response of the calcium-specific ion selective electrode is measured as an indication of the concentration of total calcium in the sample, and the response of the monovalent ion specific ion selective electrode is measured as an indication of the concentration of the monovalent ion in the sample.

Abstract: Invented are new tetracarboxylate compounds which are chelators for calcium ions. Also invented is a useful method of measuring intracellular calcium concentrations using these novel compounds as an optical indicator.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are described for determining the partial pressures of gases in blood, in which a membrane filter is used to separate plasma which passes to a blood gas analyzer.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are disclosed which can be used in the field (i.e., outside the laboratory environment) to determine qualitatively and at least semiquantitatively the presence or absence of minute quantities of ligand. The apparatus can be in the form of a strip comprising a support means provided with a groove intermediate its ends forming a crease line upon which the strip can be folded upon itself with bibulous elements and spaced from the crease line and arranged so that when the strip is folded upon itself the bibulous elements become aligned with each other and come into liquid contact.

Abstract: A method for detecting the presence of a metal ion in an aqueous environment, which comprises contacting a micelle-forming material, a hydrophobic or amphiphilic dye, and a hydrophobic ionophore capable of selectively binding the ion with a sample of the aqueous environment to form a mixture and measuring a change in absorbance of light by the dye. Compositions method are also disclosed.

Abstract: Partition membranes which are permeable to blood electrolytes fabricated from crosslinked polyetherurethane compositions having from 20 to 50% hard segments. The membranes absorb from 50 to 120% of their dry weight of water and have electrolyte diffusion constants of up to 1.times.10.sup.-6 cm.sup.2 /sec. The membranes are included in electrochemical, fiber optic and solid state blood electrolyte sensors to provide blood compatible surfaces and to ensure that blood components deleterious to analysis of electrolyte in the blood remain separated from the sensing elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chromogenic reagent for determining the iron content and the iron-binding capacity of serum, comprising chromazurol B, a buffer for keeping the pH at 4.5-5, a surface-active substance in a concentration of at least 500 mg/l, a salt suitable for imparting an ionic strength expressed in terms of NaCl concentration of at least 100 g/l and an aminoacid suitable for selectively binding the Cu.sup.2+ ions, in a concentration expressed in terms of glycine concentration ranging between 1 and 40 g/l.

Abstract: The invention is reagents and procedures for determining an amount of cations present in a sample, the reagent comprising one or more chromogenic cryptand compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein k and j, either same or different, are equal to 1 to about 5;m and n, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 4;a and e, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 2;b and d, either same or different, are equal to 0 to about 5;R, either same or different, is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkylidene, lower alkenyl, allyl, or aryl; and-Q- is ##STR2## wherein X is CH, N, or COH; andY includes ##STR3## except that when Q is ##STR4## wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of p-nitrophenylazo, 3-phenylisothiazalyl -5-azo, isothiazolyl-5-azo, thiazolyl-5-azo, 2,4,6-trinitrophenylazo, p-nitrostyryl, p-benzoquinonemonoimino and bis-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)hydroxymethyl, then the following condition cannot be present: that simultaneously b is equal to 0 or 1, d is equal to 0 or 1, j is equal to 1, n is e

Abstract: A kit and method for detecting lithium ions in a sample. The kit includes a lithium ion selective color indicator which is a leuco precursor of an arylmethane dye dispersed in a matrix. In use, the color indicator is contacted with a sample and any color change therein is monitored. A color change in the indicator indicates the presence of lithium ions in the sample.

Abstract: Novel chromogenic derivatives of 1,2-bis-(o-aminoaryloxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid are useful for the determination of calcium ions in both solution and dry assays. These compounds comprise a dye moiety which is directly conjugated to the acetic acid substituted-nitrogen atom and which enables the compounds to exhibit maximum absorbance at a wavelength generally greater than 400 nm before complexation. When the compounds are complexed with calcium ions, the absorbance shifts to a shorter wavelength.

Abstract: A dry multilayer analytical element for determination of total ionic iron is disclosed. The element includes a dye which complexes with Fe.sup.+2. The dye has the structure ##STR1## R.sup.1 represents an electron donating group; or R.sup.1, together with the carbon to which it is attached, represents sufficient atoms to form a cyclic electron donating group fused to the phenyl group to which R.sup.1 is attached;R.sup.2 represents an electron withdrawing group; andR.sup.3 represents H, Cl, F, Br or OR.sup.4 wherein R.sup.4 represents a hydrocarbon having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method for the quantitative determination of lithium in a liquid test sample employing turbidimetric or nephelometric techniques to measure the maximum rate of change in the optical density of a reaction mixture containing precipitated lithium. The lithium is precipitated by a lithium precipitating reagent to result in dispersed, suspended particles, and the maximum rate of change in optical density determined to provide a linear dose response which can be quantitatively correlated to the amount of lithium present in the test sample.

Abstract: The concentration of a selected alkali metal cation in an aqueous sample is determined using an aqueous fill solution containing a dissolved polymeric cationic material (e.g., copper--PEI) and a dissolved fluorescent anionic material (e.g., ANS) and, in contact with the fill solution, an ionophore selective for the selected alkali metal cation. The aqueous fill solution is contacted with an aqueous sample through a membrane, the membrane being permeable to alkali metal cations, but impermeable to the polymeric cationic material. Fluorescence is detected either from molecules of fluorescent anionic material which have migrated from adjacent to the polymeric cationic material to adjacent to ionophore-complexed alkali metal cations or from molecules of fluorescent anionic material which have remained adjacent to the polymeric cationic material, or from both, especially through a fiber optic.

Abstract: An analytical element is used to determine magnesium ions at a pH of from about 8.5 to about 11. This element comprises an absorbent carrier material containing a 1,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-cyanoformazan compound which is substituted in at least one of the 3-, 4- and 5-positions of either phenyl moiety. The substituents are chosen such that their cumulative Hammett-sigma value is greater than about 0.23, provided that none of the substituents is carboxy. The assay is carried out in the presence of a calcium ion chelating agent and a suitable buffer. In preferred embodiments, the cyanoformazan is incorporated in the element in such a manner so as to be isolated from protein molecules which may be encountered in the assay.

Abstract: Novel compounds and assay methods are provided for determining the presence of lithium in serum, plasma, urine or other sample without deproteinization. The novel compounds are water soluble derivatives of TMC-crownformazans and provide signal enhancement by increased absorbance of the dye-lithium complex over the dye anion.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in the measurement of total iron binding capacity of blood serum or plasma comprises a container having a removable closure and containing a measured quantity of dried iron-saturating substance, which is adhered to the inner surface of the container or of the closure and a measured quantity of dried alumina. The invention further provides a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for measurement of total iron binding capacity using the apparatus.

Abstract: Chromogenic aza-12-crown-4 ethers which can be used for the spectrophotometric determination of lithium ion in aqueous solutions are disclosed. The compounds of the invention are particularly useful for the analysis of Li.sup.+ in the presence of Na.sup.+, a situation common in biological and geological systems. The compounds [e.g., 1-(2-oxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1-hydro-1-aza-4,7,10-trioxacyclododecane], their methods of manufacture, and methods of utilizing the compounds for the analysis of lithium are disclosed.

Abstract: A test means for detecting the presence of a specific ion in an aqueous test sample and for determining its concentration comprises a substantially nonpolar, nonporous carrier matrix which is incorporated with an ionophore capable of selectively forming a complex with the ion under analysis. In addition, a counterion reporter substance is provided separately, which is capable of producing a detectable response, such as a change in or appearance of color or fluorescence in the carrier matrix. In use, the test sample containing the counterion reporter substance is contacted with the test means, the test means is washed and any detectable response associated with the test means is determined.

Abstract: A system for determining zinc protoporphyrin levels in whole blood using hematofluorometry without the need for oxygenation of the hemoglobin by derivatizing the hemoglobin to form a new compound having essentially the same spectral properties as oxygenated hemoglobin. A preferred reagent includes cyanide as the active ingredient.

Abstract: A releasing reagent for releasing, as ionized calcium, protein-bound calcium in a biological sample for measurement of the ionized calcium, together with any ionized calcium originally present in the sample, using a calcium ion specific electrode, the releasing reagent including monochlorocoacetate salt, formate salt, and formic acid, in concentrations sufficient to render the pH of the sample, when mixed with the reagent, in the range of 4.0 to 5.5. Also disclosed is a method of measuring calcium in a liquid sample using such a releasing reagent.

Abstract: Two novel trifluoromethyl-substituted chromogenic crown ethers are disclosed, 4'-(2",6"-dinitro-4"-trifluoromethylphenyl) aminobenzo-15-crown-5 and 4'-(2",4"-dinitro-6"-trifluoromethylphenyl) aminobenzo-15-crown 5. These compounds are useful as reagents for the extraction and spectrophotometric determination of potassium in the presence of sodium. Reagent solutions of these compounds and methods of utilizing the reagents for the analysis of potassium are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A colorimetric reagent formulation is disclosed for the determination of the ferric iron content of serum. The formulation consists of two aqueous solutions. One solution, acting as chromogenic reagent, consists of a buffer, a soluble salt of an alkali or alkaline earth metal, chromazurol S in acidic form, and either a cationic or nonionic surfactant. The other solution, acting as masking reagent, consists of a complexing agent and if desired the same components of the chromogenic reagent, which are able to prevent the formation of the complex between the chromazurol S, the surfactant and the iron. The complexing agent consists of a polycarboxylic organic acid or salt thereof.

Abstract: A single sampling tube is inserted into a whole blood sample contained in a sample cup, and the blood introduced into a switch-valve and a first channel without being diluted. The switch-valve has a volumetric section. In the first channel are arranged a plurality of ion-sensing electrodes, and downstream from these electrodes, a sample position sensor. The blood is led up to where the sample position sensor is located, at which point it fills the volumetric section and the ion sensing electrode channels. The sample Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Cl.sup.-, and Ca.sup.++ are detected in this state. After the switch-valve switches, the flow within the volumetric section is forced towards a photometer positioned in a second channel by a reagent solution. The blood is diluted while passing through a reaction coil, during which time enzymes in the blood give rise to enzyme reactions with the reagents. The absorbance of the reaction solution is measured by the photometer.

Abstract: A test means for determining the presence of an ion in an aqueous test sample is disclosed, as well as a test device incorporating the test means, a method for preparing it and a method for using it. The test means is composed of a porous carrier matrix incorporated, substantially uniformly, with a homogeneous hydrophobic composition and with a buffering substance capable of providing a pH in the range of from about 5 to 10. The homogeneous hydrophobic composition contains an ionophore capable of forming a complex with the ion, a hydrophobic substance and a reporter substance capable of interacting with the complex of ionophore and ion to produce a detectable response. In a preferred embodiment, this invention provides a colorimetric test capable of measuring serum potassium.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an in vitro diagnostic method of screening for immune deficiency in a nephrotic patient comprising administering the presence or absence of the lymphokine, soluble immune response suppressor, in a urine sample of said patient.

Abstract: Chromogenic aza-12-crown-4 ethers which can be used for the spectrophotometric determination of lithium ion in aqueous solutions are disclosed. The compounds of the invention are particularly useful for the analysis of Li.sup.30 in the presence of Na.sup.+, a situation common in biological and geological systems. The compounds [e.g., 1-(2-oxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1-hydro-1-aza-4,7,10-trioxacylclododecane], their methods of manufacture, and methods of utilizing the compounds for the analysis of lithium are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A test means for determining the presence of an ion in an aqueous test sample, a method for preparing it and a method for using it. The test means comprises a hydrophilic carrier matrix incorporated with finely divided globules of a hydrophobic vehicle. The hydrophobic vehicle contains an ionophore capable of forming a complex with the ion and a reporter substance capable of interacting with the complex of ionophore and ion to produce a detectable response. The test means of this invention is useful for clinical determinations of serum potassium. The test means forms the reagent layer in a multilayer format which is particularly suited to whole blood electrolyte determinations and does not require washing or wiping before use.

Abstract: A test means, test device and method for use for determining the presence of an ion in a test sample are disclosed. The test means comprises a substantially nonpolar, nonporous carrier matrix incorporated with an ionophore capable of forming a complex with the specific ion and reporter substance capable of interacting with the complex of ionophore and ion to produce a detectable response. The test means disclosed is particularly useful for serum potassium determinations. The test means forms the reagent layer in a multilayer format particularly suited to whole blood electrolyte determinations.

Abstract: A method for determining the alkali metal content of a liquid such as protein-containing liquids wherein a liquid containing alkali metal cation is contacted with a monocyclic crown ether capable of forming a complex with the alkali metal cation in a substantially inert solvent and an anionic dye, is disclosed. The alkali metal forms a complex with the ether and the dye in the solvent, the presence of which is a measure of the alkali metal content of the liquid.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining calcium ion content of serum which comprises calibrating a potentiometric analytical system with calcium standards having a solution containing both TRIS and BisTRIS at a pH of 7.5. The serum sample is diluted with a silicone oil/water emulsion which may further contain a protein complexing agent such as iron, zinc, cadmium, nickel or copper. Measurement is then carried out on the diluted serum sample.

Abstract: Unsaturated iron-binding capacity in serum can be measured colorimetrically rapidly and easily by using an auto analyzer and using a reagent mixture comprising excess iron ions, a reducing agent for iron ions, and a hydroxy acid and/or a salt of a hydroxy acid together with a color-forming reagent solution.

Abstract: A hemagglutinate lectin derived from the slug, Limax flavus, having a high degree of hemagglutinative inhibitory specificity and selectivity for sialic acid or sialoproteins and diagnostic and separatory methods and compositions based upon the inhibitory effect of sialoproteins or sialic acid on the hemagglutinating properties of the slug-derived lectin.

Abstract: A reagent mixture for measuring magnesium comprising Xylylazo Violet I or II as a color producing agent and at least one of sulfide compounds and thioureide compounds, and if necessary one or more surface active agents, can be stored for a long period of time stably and can give a stable color development.

Abstract: An electrolyte in a sample is stably measured by using an automatic biochemical analyzing apparatus wherein a flame photometer is assembled, which comprises a sample pipetting and delivering member, a reagent liquid delivering member, reaction cups charging the sample delivered through the sample pipetting and delivering member and the reagent liquid delivered through the reagent delivering member and a flame photometer for measuring an electrolyte, the method being characterized in that with respect to a sample cup to which the measurement of electrolyte is ordered, the sample pipetting and delivering member and the reagent delivering member are operated to deliver the sample and the reagent liquid to a reaction cup and an electrolyte of the diluted sample in the reaction cup is measured by the flame photometer and with respect to a sample cup to which the measurement of electrolyte is not ordered, the sample pipetting and delivering member is not operated and into a reaction cup corresponding to said sample