Abstract: A method is disclosed for extraction, concentration, and bioassay measurement of the concentration of bioactive parathyroid peptides in biological or other fluids. Parathyroid peptides are extracted from the fluid by a support-antibody matrix specific to the N-terminal region. The bioassay is directed to the extracted parathyroid peptides. The volume of the medium containing the extracted parathyroid peptides and tissue, cells or tissue extracts with adenylate cyclase-coupled parathyroid hormone receptors may be chosen to be significantly less than the volume of biological or other fluid being assayed.

Abstract: Mouse monoclonal antibody AbR.sub.24 (Dippold et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 77:6114-6118, 1980) has a high degree of specificity for human melanoma cells when tested on viable cultured cells using the PA-MHA serological assay. The antigen detected by this antibody has been isolated from melanoma cells and shown to be G.sub.D3 ganglioside by compositional and partial structural analysis and by comparison with authentic G.sub.D3 by thin layer chromatography (TLC). AbR.sub.24 reacts with authentic G.sub.D3, but not with any other ganglioside tested. Using TLC and reactivity with AbR.sub.24, a wide range of cells and tissues was examined for the presence of G.sub.D3. A new serological assay, termed glycolipid-mediated immune adherence (GMIA), was devised for assaying the reactivity of AbR.sub.24 with gangliosides. Melanomas (cultured cells or tumor tissue) were shown to have T.sub.D3 and G.sub.M3 as major gangliosides. Other cells and tissues examined also contained G.sub.D3, but usually only in low amounts.

Abstract: The antigens procollagen peptide (type (III) and procollagen peptide col 1 (type III) can be determined together immunologically by either(a) reacting a specified amount in each case of labeled procollagen peptide (type III) or procollagen peptide col 1 (type III) and a highly specific antiserum containing antibodies having affinity for both the antigens mentioned together with a sample having an unknown content of procollagen peptide (type III) and/or procollagen peptide col 1 (type III), separating off the antigen-antibody complex formed and measuring the amount of labeling in the complex and/or in the supernatant, or(b) bringing a specified amount of the highly specific antiserum to reaction with a sample having an unknown content of procollagen peptide (type III) and/or procollagen peptide col 1 (type III), fixing the unreacted amount of the antibody to procollagen peptide (type III) or procollagen peptide col 1 (type III) bound to a support, and bringing to reaction with a labeled second antibody, and th

Abstract: An affinity immunoassay system in which a solid phase nonimmunological, group-specific ligand is used to insolubilize the analyte of interest either simultaneously, before or after binding all of the analyte with a labelled monospecific antibody and the concentration of the analyte is then determined by measuring the label activity present in the solid phase in relation to a single point calibrator solution containing a known amount of the analyte substance.

Abstract: An open reading frame DNA vector is presented having a promoter-translation start region, and adjacent thereto and downstream therefrom, a first coding segment having a start codon, a second coding segment coding for detectable protein, and an insertion region between said first and second coding regions having an insertion site and being of such length that the first and second coding segments are not in reading frame phase with each other. A method for the cloning and positive selection of a DNA segment having an open reading frame is also presented, as well as a tribrid protein wherein each terminal region and the mid-section is derived from a different gene, and a method of identifying and quantifying a protein or polypeptide without regard to its structure or biological function by using a DNA segment coding for said protein or polypeptide as the mid-section of the tribrid protein.

Abstract: Methods and reagent kits for the detection of intracellular antigens such as TdT and antinuclear antibodies. The methods involve swelling the cells with a hypotonic solution for increasing the localization of large molecular weight substances such as antibodies at intracellular antigenic sites, fixing the cells and reacting them with antibodies specific for the intracellular antigen to be detected. The cells are then further reacted with labeled antibody specific for the first antibody, washed to remove unreacted antibodies and the presence of label detected whereby the presence or absence of the intracellular antigen may be determined.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a solid phase immunoassay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigens in a clinical specimen, wherein the Chlamydia trachomatis antigens to be determined are coated or adsorbed on the solid phase.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a solid phase immunoassay for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antigens in a clinical specimen, wherein the Neisseria gonorrhoeae antigens to be determined are coated or adsorbed on the solid phase.

Abstract: In a method for immunochemical assay of human chorionic gonadotropin involving use of an antibody immobilized on a carrier, an antigen and an antibody to which a labeling agent has been attached, when the antibody supported on the carrier and the antibody coupled to a labeling agent are different antibodies which are not overlapping in antigen-determining site and one of said different antibodies is specifically reactive to human chorionic gonadotropin, a high reproducibility of the result of the immunochemical assay is obtained.

Abstract: A process for the detection of an antigen or antibody in a specimen which process comprises:(a) contacting said specimen with a substrate having bound thereon a mixture of antigens and antibodies to said antigen or antibody in said specimen, said antibodies and said antigens bound to said substrate being separately bound to said substrate and not in the form of an immune complex, incubating the so-contacted substrate and washing the substrate;(b) contacting the washed material of step `a` with a radioactive material labeled or enzyme labeled antibody or antigen, incubating the so-contacted material and washing the same; and(c) effecting radioimmunoassay if said antibody or antigen is radioactive or enzyme labeled immunoassay is said antibody or antigen is enzyme labeled.

Abstract: A process for detecting the presence of an antigen in a specimen is described, which process comprises:(A) contacting said specimen with a substrate coated with antibodies of said antigen, incubating the contacted substrate and washing the substrate;(B) contacting the washed material of step (A) with a hapten conjugated antibody against said antigen, incubating the so-contacted material and washing the so-incubated material;(C) contacting the washed material of step (B) with a radioactive material labeled or enzyme containing anti-hapten antibody, incubating the so-contacted material and washing the same; and(D) effecting radioimmunoassay if said antibody is radioactive or enzyme labeled immunoassay if said antibody contains an enzyme moiety.Quantitative determination of the antigen in the specimen is effected by comparing the counts of the radioimmunoassay or the concentration of enzyme against a standard as by photocolormetric methods.

Abstract: A method is provided for testing for particular antibodies in the serum of a patient. The antibodies may be those of systemic lupus erythematosus and may constitute IgG and IgM immunoglobulins. The IgG and IgM immunoglobulin may be individually labeled radioactively.An antigen (such as DNA) may be attached to a support such as sepharose. The attachment may be facilitated as by irradiation with ultraviolet light. The DNA may be single stranded or double stranded. When double-stranded DNA is used, single-stranded portions in the double strands may be removed as by a suitable enzyme.The particular antibodies may be attached to the antigen such as the supported DNA. An assay may then be provided to determine the attachment of the particular antibodies to the supported DNA.

Abstract: An assay for HLA D phenotype wherein antigen-pulsed monocytes are contacted with antigen-specific T lymphocytes or T cell hybridomas and the extent of selective binding between the pulsed monocytes and the T lymphocytes or T cell hybridomas determines HLA D phenotype of the monocyte. The assay is particularly useful for quickly typing donor tissue prior to transplantation.

Abstract: An improved, more convenient, more sensitive test for detection of certain malignancies in human and animal subjects is disclosed. Sera from test subjects is mixed with labeled DNA in the presence of an enzyme-conjugated resin. Sera from normal and cancerous subjects react differently with the resin, permitting a diagnosis of the subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for the quantitative determination of PEP (progestagen-associated endometrial protein) in a body fluid by radioimmunoassay. The technique is useful in monitoring the function of the human endometrium.

Abstract: Carcinoembryonic antigen contains immune determinates in common with .alpha.-acid glycoprotein. Carcinoembryonic antigen-containing compositions are purified by adsorption onto antibody to .alpha.-acid glycoprotein. The purified compositions may be employed as standards in carcinoembryonic antigen assays or in the labelled form as tracers. Intact carcinoembryonic antigen is assayed by a modified sandwich-type immunoassay. Other cancer-associated substances may be identified by searching for high molecular weight analogues of normal proteins.

Abstract: Methods for determining the presence of antigens or antibodies in an aqueous sample or presence of antigens on the surface of cells. A preferred embodiment employs fluorescent antigens which compete with the sample antigens for antibody binding sites. The antibodies are deposited on a support surface means in alternating patterns. The surface means and fluorescence detector are translocated with respect to each other and a signal generated by the detection of the repeating pattern of fluorescence. The signal is analyzed by means of a gated integrator responsive to a gate track control means also located on the surface means. Immunoassay methods having increased sensitivity are thereby obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to a diagnostic kit based on a one step hybridization procedure and method of using the kit for identifying the nucleic acids of viruses and bacteria contained in a single sample. The procedure requires two nucleic acid reagents for each microbe or group of microbes to be identified.

Abstract: Described herein is the production of two products which are distinct species of anti-malignin antibody, and the production of three artificially produced species of cell each of which has the distinguishing characteristic of manufacturing either one or both species of anti-malignin antibody. These anti-malignin products are useful to detect the presence of cancerous or malignant tumor cells. These anti-malignin products attach preferentially to cancerous or malignant tumor cells in cell collections in vitro or in vivo and thus can be detected by any attached visible or other signal emitter. This preferential attachment to malignant tumor cells also makes these products useful for metabolic and therapeutic purposes.

Abstract: A method of reacting a first reactive substance bonded to the inner wall surface of a reaction vessel and a second reactive substance in a liquid phase in the vessel by rotating the reaction vessel about its axis at a speed of 10 to 100 rpm, while said reaction vessel is kept inclined at an angle between 5.degree. and 45.degree. to the horizon with its mouth being raised; and an apparatus usable for practicing this method.

Abstract: A method for simultaneously isolating DNA, RNA and/or protein fractions from a crude biological mixture containing DNA, RNA and/or protein fractions is disclosed. The method comprises adding the crude biological mixture to an aqueous solution of cesium trifluoroacetate, the solution having a density from about 1.4 to about 1.6 g/ml, and centrifuging the resulting mixture under ultracentrifugation conditions.

Abstract: An immunoassay process for the detection of an antigen in a sample, which comprises: (a) forming a mixture of the sample with (1) a preformed complex of a primary antibody and a secondary binding macromolecule therefor, wherein the primary antibody is present at low concentrations and has substantial specificity for the antigen, the secondary binding macromolecule has substantial affinity for the Fc portion of the primary antibody, and the second binding macromolecule is affinity purified; and with (2) a detectably labeled form of the antigen; (b) incubating the mixture formed in step (a) for a time sufficient to allow the antigen and the detectably labeled antigen to competitively bind to the primary antibody of the preformed complex; (c) detecting the separated complex or the separated suspension medium.

Abstract: A rapid and sensitive method for diagnosing plant viroid diseases and viruses. Plant sap is bound to a solid support and the bound sample probed with a radioactively labelled DNA that is complementary to the viroid or to the nucleic acid of the virus being diagnosed. The radioactively labelled cDNA hybridizes with that viroid or virus RNA or DNA for which it is specific. DNA-RNA and DNA-DNA hybrids are detected by autoradiographic examination of the hybridized material.

Abstract: Clinical method for evaulating thyrometabolic function by determination of clinically important thyroxine concentrations and thyroxine binding protein capacities in plasma.The method employs a competitive binding technique for determining free thyroxine concentration and thyroxine binding capacity for plasma having a known total thyroxine concentration.

Abstract: In an immunoassay procedure, an analyte in a solution is reacted with a reagent with a label. The reagent is segregated into solid phase (particles) and liquid phase (liquid) with the unreacted reagent ion one phase and the reacted reagent in another phase. An image of the suspension is then taken. The image is converted into electrical signal representation and is stored in digital form. The image is processed by locating and quantifying the labels. The distribution of the labels is representative of the distribution of the reagent between the particles and the liquid.

Abstract: Two-site immunometric assays for multideterminant antigens are described in which the antigen is reacted with an immobilized monoclonal antibody directed against one antigen determinant and a second monoclonal antibody that is directed against a distinct antigenic determinant and is of a different class or subclass than the immobilized monoclonal antibody. The second monoclonal antibody is labeled in direct versions of the assay and is reacted with a labeled antibody against it in indirect versions of the assay. The immobilizing medium and classes (subclasses) of the antibodies may be selected so as to reduce the likelihood of nonspecific binding enhance sensitivity and/or permit signal amplification.

Abstract: Antibodies having binding affinity for two desired antigens, hereinafter "recombinant monoclonal antibodies"; recombinant monoclonal antibodies produced by a quadroma cell or a trioma cell; and methods for producing recombinant monoclonal antibodies by means of a quadroma cell or a trioma cell, wherein a quadroma cell is the fusion product of a hybridoma cell which produces an antibody having specific binding affinity to one desired antigen and a hybridoma cell which produces an antibody having specific binding affinity for another desired antigen, and wherein a trioma cell is the fusion product of a hybridoma cell which produces an antibody having specific binding affinity to one desired antigen and a lymphocyte which produces an antibody having specific binding affinity to another desired antigen.

Abstract: This invention relates to a highly-sensitive mini-iodinated radioactive hormone tracer which has both initial low iodine-to-hormone molar ratios and low specific activity. This invention also relates to methods for preparing and using such tracers in a radio-immunoassay which takes much less time than used heretofore and to a method of preparing said tracers.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing and purifying metal chelate conjugated monoclonal antibodies are described. The chelated metal may be one which emits alpha, beta or gamma radiation, or positrons. Alternatively, the metal can be one which is fluorogenic or paramagnetic. The conjugates are suited for diagnostic and therapeutic uses.

Abstract: An immunoassay for a specific antibody, particularly Graves' disease-specific antibody, in which interfering reactions by the reactive ends of similar antibodies are eliminated by the step of occluding the interfering reactive ends with an antibody against the interfering reactive ends.

Abstract: Colorectal carcinoma is detected by testing body fluids for the colorectal carcinoma monosialoganglioside identified by monoclonal antibodies produced by fused cell hybrid ATCC HB 8059.

Abstract: A method and kit for determining the presence of a polyvalent ligand in an aqueous fluid. The method involves incubating the fluid with an immobilized antibody to the ligand to form an immobilized ligand-antibody complex, then incubating the immobilized ligand-antibody complex with a solution of a soluble complex of a second antibody (to the ligand) and a labeled binding protein, such as protein A. The labeled binding protein is specifically bound to the Fc portion of the second antibody. The unbound second antibody and labeled binding protein are washed from the immobilized complex, and the presence of bound labeled binding protein is determined as a measure of the concentration of the ligand in the aqueous fluid.

Abstract: An improved immunoassay method, reagent means, and test kit for determining an iodothyronine, e.g., thyroxine (T-4), in a biological fluid, usually serum or plasma, wherein fenclofenac and related phenylacetic acids, or salts thereof, are employed as novel blocking agents for the binding of iodothyronines to thyroxine binding protein (TBP). The present invention is particularly advantageous as applied to homogeneous competitive binding iodothyronine immunoassays wherein a spectrophotometric response is generated in the assay reaction mixture at a wavelength greater than about 300 nm, the blocking agents of the present invention having been found to have no substantial absorbance at wavelengths above 300 nm. Such homogeneous immunoassays include those which employ labels such as fluorescers, enzyme substrates, enzyme prosthetic groups, enzymes, and enzyme inhibitors.

Abstract: A continuous hybridoma cell line which secretes recoverable quantities of monoclonal antibodies having specificity against Vitamin B.sub.6, which antibodies are useful in a method for detecting the presence of vitamin B.sub.6 in an animal sample.

Abstract: A newly discovered particle in the urine and serum of non-A, non-B hepatitis patients has been associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis. The particle resembles a togavirus and is 50-60 nm in diameter with a discrete core of about 40 nm in diameter. The virus loses its infectivity for tissue culture upon heating at 25.degree. C. in aqueous suspension or by exposure to ether. The particle may be cultured in vitro or recovered from body fluids or tissues to make immunoassays and vaccines. The immunoassays may be employed to detect the particle antigens or antibodies thereto in test samples.

Abstract: A novel purification scheme is described for obtaining two novel and useful forms of bovine glycoprotein (BGP) from bovine erythrocytes, each of which acts as an antigen in testing for the presence of the heterophile antibodies of human infectious mononucleosis.The first, or partially purified, BGP is obtained from crude BGP and contains about 10% by weight of a complex glycoplipid. It forms a single band upon gel electrophoresis at pH 7.0 under specified conditions.The second, or homogeneous, BGP is obtained by removing essentially all of the complex glycolipid. It forms substantially a single band upon gel electrophoresis at pH 7.0 under specified conditions.Both forms may be used to detect or quantify hemagglutination inhibition of a test sample (and hence to determine the presence or extent to mononucleosis infection) in a glass slide test wherein the partially purified or homogeneous BGP is carried on latex or synthetic resin beads.

Abstract: A multiple component binding assay system, and related methods of making and using it, having a plurality of coated filaments mounted at their opposite ends on a support, in a predetermined spaced relationship, for simultaneously screening a liquid test sample for a plurality of components. The system is particularly suitable for screening the sample for IgE class antibodies specific for certain allergens. The filaments are preferably cotton threads, each thread binding a different allergen through a covalent bond. The support, which is preferably cut away adjacent the mid-portion of each filament to reduce background interference, is composed of a plastic or other water insoluble material, permitting inexpensive and relatively simple manufacture. After any IgE class antibodies present in the liquid sample have reacted with the corresponding allergens coated on the filaments, they are detected using second antibodies labeled with radioactive, fluorescent or enzymatic tracers.

Abstract: A process for determining the presence of an antigen or antibody in a sample wherein said antigen or antibody exists in the form of an immune complex which comprises:A. contacting the immune complex originating from the sample suspected of containing immune complex with a dissociating buffer whereby said immune complex, if present, is dissociated into antigen and antibody;B. contacting a solid support which binds proteins with said dissociating buffer suspected of containing antigen or antibody and removing said buffer;C. washing said solid support;D. adding protein to fill unoccupied sites on said solid support;E. adding radioactively labeled or enzyme labeled antibody or antigen to said solid support, said labeled antibody or antigen corresponding to antigen or antibody on said solid support, incubating the resultant mass and washing the same;F. measuring the radioactivity or enzymatic activity associated with the solid support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method which eliminates centrifugation and decantation steps, to be performed in an automatic manner for carrying out specific binding assay tests, wherein liquid and solid phases are present.According to the invention, use is made of a specially designed device, consisting of a mixing reservoir into which is fitted snugly a mixer separator having a channel in the vertical axis of the mixer-separator. A rack holding a number of said mixing reservoirs containing the incubated reagents and analytes, capped with the mixer separators, is placed into a press-device designed to perform at a controlled rate a downward movement. The mixer separators are pushed downwards into the mixing reservoirs at a chosen rate for a preselected distance to complete the mass transport and separation operations. The separation devices are removed and either one of the separated phases can be measured in the desired analytical instrument for a quantitative or qualitative determination.

Abstract: An improved competitive protein binding assay comprising; incubating an analyte in the presence of labeled analyte and a protein binder suitable for competitive binding activity by the analyte and the labeled analyte to provide a mixture having free analyte, free labeled analyte, bound analyte and bound labeled analyte, substantially separating the bound analyte and the bound labeled analyte from the free analyte and free labeled analyte to form a first fraction containing substantially the bound analyte and the bound labeled analyte and a second fraction containing substantially the free analyte and the free labeled analyte by causing a predetermined level of the mixture to flow through a bed of an organo-silane coupled to silica gel, and detecting the labeled analyte of at least one of the first and second fractions to determine the concentration of the analyte by comparison to a reference.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new technique and device for mass transfer of one or more components from one liquid phase to another liquid phase, involving a physical separation of said two phases.According to the new technique, the mass transfer and physical separation are carried out in the same device. The device consists of a mixing-reservoir into which is fitted snugly a mixer-separator, having a channel in the vertical axis of the mixer-separator. The two substantially immiscible liquid solutions are introduced into the mixing reservoir, the phases are thoroughly mixed, by moving the mixer-separator in and out the mixing reservoir. After the spontaneous separation into an upper and lower phase, the upper phase is removed by pushing in the mixer-separator said upper phase being accumulated in a collecting container.

Abstract: Therapeutic and diagnostic methods employing metal chelate conjugated monoclonal antibodies are described. Metals employed in therapeutic conjugated antibodies include alpha particle, beta particle or Auger electron emitting isotopes. Diagnostic methods may be either in vivo or in vitro. Chelated metals employed in diagnostic techniques may include, inter alia, gamma or positron emitting metals as well as fluorogenic or paramagnetic metals.

Abstract: An improved immunoassay technique for determining the presence of estriol in human sera comprises adding preselected amounts of a non-ionic detergent and a surface active agent to the assay medium to lessen inaccuracies resulting from variable serum protein concentrations in the sample.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to assay of a glycoprotein component of human breast gross cystic disease fluid which has been designated GCDFP-15. This material is a useful marker in monitoring the efficacy of therapy in women with metastatic breast carcinoma and also in determining the maturity of the fetus in pregnant women. The assay for GCDFP-15 can also be used in conjunction with other assays for breast carcinoma such as an assay for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) whereby the utilization of both tests is more effective in monitoring for recurrence of disease than using either assay alone.

Abstract: A method and reagent kit means are provided for assay of a selected hapten in an aliquot of body fluid containing lipid. The method comprises the steps of constituting the aliquot in a mixture with surfactant and incubating the mixture to solubilize the same. The content of hapten in the incubated mixture is taken up selectively by hapten-specific antibody and read by hapten non-lipid conjugate tracer assay.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the concentration of pregnanediol glucuronide (PG) in a woman's urine which is characterized by utilization of the reagent 20.alpha.-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-.alpha. reagent) in a form in which it reacts with antibodies binding to PG. The method is adaptable to a visual color indication test which can be performed by the woman herself as well as by laboratory analysis. The method can be used to define the period in which conception can occur, to define a post-ovulation safe period in which conception is prevented, and as an early pregnancy indicator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique for screening populations to detect potential bladder cancer patients. The screening test is based on a discovered correlation between the respective ratios of C-reactive protein to total protein in urine and serum and the incidence of bladder cancer.

Abstract: A radioassay procedure and reagent kit therefor for detecting auto blocking antibody, such as auto blocking antibody which interferes with the complexation of intrinsic factor with vitamin B.sub.12. A receptor, i.e., intrinsic factor, is immobilized on a support and the amount of ligand, i.e., vitamin B.sub.12, capable of binding therewith in the presence of a biological fluid sample is determined.

Abstract: Pancreas specific protein systems, including Pan Ag purified antigen having molecular mass of about 2.25.times.10.sup.5 daltons and pancreas specific antibodies to such antigen, and methods for providing and utilizing such antigen and antibodies.

Abstract: A method of measuring the degree of partitioning of a labeled species between free and bound states which involves the use of an insoluble porous monolith having a means for binding a portion of the labeled species within the pores thereof, which monolith is capable of substantially attenuating the signal emitted by labeled species subsequently bound within the pores thereof.