Abstract: A enhancing reagent for enhancing chemiluminescence of 1,2-dioxetane compounds and a method for using the enhancing reagent to enhance the chemiluminescence are provided, in which the enhancing reagent contains an alkyl bis-quaternary ammonium salt of Formula I. A chemiluminescent composition with a 1,2-dioxetane compound as a substrate and a kit thereof are further provided, which contain a 1,2-dioxetane compound and an alkyl bis-quaternary ammonium salt of Formula I.

Abstract: A reagent for detecting an analyte by a redox reaction and a fluorimetric determination is disclosed. The reagent comprises a compound of formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from R, (CH2CH2O)mR, COR, COOR, and OCOR; each R3 is independently selected from NO2, CN, R, OR, OCOR, COOR, SR, and halogen; R is H or C1-C4 alkyl, where alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more functional group independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, OR, SR, NR2, COOR, CONR2, SO3R and salts thereof, and PO(OR)3 and salts thereof; m is an integer from 1 to 20; and n is 1, 2, or 3. The reagent may further comprise an enzyme or a coenzyme for reducing or oxidizing an analyte.

Abstract: A method of screening an antioxidant for potency and/or toxicity in vitro, the method includes contacting the antioxidant with a model system containing a sterol superlattice formation capable of generating a detectable signal, wherein the detectable signal changes in a parameter representative of an integrity of the sterol superlattice formation; and detecting and/or measuring disruption of the sterol superlattice formation, wherein the disruption is caused by the insertion of the antioxidant into membranes and thereby screening the antioxidant for potency and/or toxicity.

Abstract: A method and reagent for detecting the presence or amount of an analyte by a redox reaction and a fluorimetric determination, is disclosed. The reagent comprises a compound of the general formula Q-F as a redox indicator, wherein Q is a quencher group and F is a fluorophore group. The quencher group Q or/and the fluorophore group F can be reduced or oxidized, and the fluorescence can change depending on the reduction or oxidation.

Abstract: Methods and compound useful for detecting a source of hydrogen peroxide are disclosed wherein a signalling compound of the formula: is reacted with peroxide. Sig is a non-polymeric organic group, B is a boron atom, and each R is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and aryl groups and can be joined together as a straight or branched alkylene chain forming a ring or as an aromatic ring. A detectable product compound of the formula Sig-OH or Sig-O? is produced and detected by measuring color, absorbance, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, or bioluminescence. The signalling compound itself does not possess the detectable property or does so only to a very weak degree. The methods can be used as a detectable signal in assays for peroxide or peroxide-producing enzymes and in assays employing enzyme-labeled specific binding pairs.

Abstract: The presently claimed and disclosed inventions relate, in general, to methods of radiation dosimetry and imaging using scintillation luminescence. More particularly, materials having a scintillation luminescence response to radiation that varies with total radiation dose received can be used for dosimetry monitoring, including, but not limited to nanoparticles for in vivo, real-time dosimetry. Energy-transfer nanocomposite materials as well as methods of making and using such materials in various applications including, but not limited to, in vivo radiation dosimetry and imaging, are disclosed. More particularly, the presently claimed and disclosed inventions relate to nanoparticle scintillation luminescence particles encapsulated in hosts of the general formula BaFX and BaFX:Eu2+ where X=Cl, Br and I.

Abstract: Methods and compound useful for detecting a source of hydrogen peroxide are disclosed wherein a signalling compound of the formula: is reacted with peroxide. Sig is a non-polymeric organic group, B is a boron atom, and each R is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and aryl groups and can be joined together as a straight or branched alkylene chain forming a ring or as an aromatic ring. A detectable product compound of the formula Sig—OH or Sig—O? is produced and detected by measuring color, absorbance, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, or bioluminescence. The signalling compound itself does not possess the detectable property or does so only to a very weak degree. The methods can be used as a detectable signal in assays for peroxide or peroxide-producing enzymes and in assays employing enzyme-labeled specific binding pairs.

Abstract: A method and reagent for detecting an analyte by a redox reaction and a fluorimetric determination, is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a sample containing the analyte with a detection reagent which contains a compound of the general formula Q-F as a fluorimetric redox indicator, wherein Q is a quencher group and F is a fluorophore group.

Abstract: A quantitative fecal examination apparatus includes a fecal collector removably mounted on a container base, having the fecal collector provided with a suction portion for sucking a fecal specimen into the collector and then the fecal specimen is disposed into the container base for examination test or for sucking the fecal specimen for further laboratory test including microscopic inspection, and having a quantitative design in the examination apparatus for collecting the fecal sample in a pre-set quantity for more precise examination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemical compound comprising a light emitting moiety precursor and a precursor of a leaving group, bound to each other by an amide or by an ester bond and characterized in that the leaving group precursor upon oxidation is converted into the leaving group. The invention also relates to compounds additionally comprising a coupling group to the use of such compounds for labeling of biomolecules and more generally to the use of such compounds in chemiluminescence detection procedures.

Abstract: A chemiluminescence method characterized in that when a 1,2-dioxetane derivative of the formula 1: wherein each of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 which are independent of one another, is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group, or each pair of R2 and R3, and R4 and R5, which are independent of each other, may form together a cyclic alkyl group, R6 is a hydroxyl group, an alkoxyl group, an aralkyloxy group, a group represented by —OSi(R8R9R10) (provided that each of R8, R9 and R10 which are independent of one another, is an alkyl group or an aryl group), a phosphate group or a group represented by S(C?O)R11 (provided that R11 is an alkyl group or an aryl group), and R7 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxyl group, is let generate chemiluminescence by means of an activator selected from the group consisting of a base, an acid, a salt, a fluorine compound, an enzyme, a catalyst and an amine compound, a cationic surfactant and a fluorescent material are made to coexist.

Abstract: A simple analytical method for determining antioxidant level in food product and body fluids such as urine is based on reduction of elemental iodine. The method adds an aqueous solution of iodine and an iodophor to the sample to be tested. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a preferred iodophor. Antioxidant materials in the sample reduce the elemental iodine and the reaction is monitored by measuring either a decrease in iodine or an increase in iodide ion. A preferred method of practicing the invention is to measure the change in iodide ion with an ion selective electrode and an appropriate electronic meter. The method rapidly and inexpensively produces antioxidant measurements that are comparable to those produced by my more complex and cumbersome methods.

Abstract: A method of determining Hb is provided, by which an amount of Hb can be determined easily and accurately without fear of damage to the environment. Hemoglobin in a sample is denatured with a tetrazolium compound to give denatured hemoglobin, and an amount of an optical change in the sample is measured at an absorption wavelength specific to the denatured hemoglobin. Using the amount of the optical change thus measured, an amount of the hemoglobin in the sample can be determined. The amount of the optical change preferably is measured at a wavelength in a range from 520 to 670 nm. According to this method, an amount of Hb can be determined with high accuracy as shown in FIG. 1.

Abstract: A method of assaying the reactive oxidants present in a smoke sample, the method comprising: preparing solution including a reductant; passing smoke through the solution; detecting the concentration changes of the probe in the presence of the smoke sample over time; and calculating the concentration of reactive oxidants of the smoke sample from the concentration changes of the reductant in the presence of the smoke sample. A method of assaying the reactive oxidants present in a smoke sample, the method comprising: preparing a solid material containing a reductant; passing smoke through the solid material; detecting the concentration changes of the reductant in the presence of the smoke sample over time; and calculating the concentration of reactive oxidants of the smoke sample from the concentration changes of the reductant in the presence of the smoke sample.

Abstract: The oxygen detecting composition of the present invention includes a layered silicate, a cationic surfactant, an organic colorant, a reducing agent, and optionally a basic substance. The oxygen detecting composition is suitable for indicating the presence or absence of oxygen or the degree of oxygen concentration by its reversible color change because of its high light resistance, high heat resistance, transparency and translucency.

Abstract: Thioredoxin, a small dithiol protein, is a specific reductant for allergenic proteins and particularly allergenic proteins present in pollen and animal and plant sources. All targeted proteins contain disulfide (S—S) bonds that are reduced to the sulfhydryl (SH) level by thioredoxin. The proteins are allergenically active and less digestible in the oxidized (S—S) state. When reduced (SH state), they lose their allergenicity and/or become more digestible. Thioredoxin achieved this reduction when activated (reduced) either by NADPH via NADP-thioredoxin reductase (physiological conditions) or by lipoic acid chemical reductant. Skin tests carried out with sensitized dogs showed that treatment of the pollens with reduced thioredoxin prior to injection eliminated or decreased the allergenicity of the pollen. Studies showed increased digestion of the pollen proteins by pepsin following reduction by thioredoxin.

Abstract: The present system comprises a method and a kit for making interfering substances undetectable in urine. The system includes a method for making interfering substances in urine undetectable comprising providing an oxidizing compound and providing a masking compound. A urine sample is collected, contacted with the oxidizing compound, and contacted with the masking compound to remove any potentially interfering substances from the urine. A kit for making interfering substances in urine undetectable is also disclosed. The kit comprises an oxidizing compound and a masking compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rapid method for the detection of ischemic states and to a kit for use in such a method. Provided for is a rapid method of testing for the existence of and quantifying ischemia based upon method of detecting and quantifying the existence of an alteration of the serum protein albumin which occurs following an ischemic event; methods for detecting and quantifying this alteration include evaluating and quantifying the cobalt binding capacity of circulating blood, analysis and measurement of the ability of serum albumin to bind exogenous cobalt, detection and measurement of the presence of copper in a purified albumin sample and use of an immunological assay sepcific to the alterated form of serum albumin which occurs following an ischemic event.

Abstract: The present invention teaches a marker useful for detection and measurement of free radical damage. Specifically, the invention takes advantage of alterations which occur to the N-terminus of the albumin molecule, a circulating protein in human blood, in the presence of free radicals. These alterations effect the ability of the N-terminus of the albumin molecule to bind metals. Methods for detecting and quantifying this alteration include evaluating and quantifying the cobalt binding capacity of an albumin containing sample, analysis and measurement of the ability of albumin to bind exogenous cobalt, detection and measurement of the presence of copper in a purified albumin sample and use of an immunological assay specific to the altered form of serum albumin which occurs following free radical damage.

Abstract: A fecal specimen may be tested for the presence of occult blood by combining the fecal specimen with (a) an oxidizable substrate that produces a colored product in the presence of peroxide and hemoglobin; (b) hydrogen peroxide or a peroxide source; and (c) an enhancer selected to enhance the sensitivity of the test. Suitable enhancers are monocyclic nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compounds; tertiary or quaternary ammonium compounds having a phenyl, hydroxy alkyl or esterified hydroxy alkyl attached to the nitrogen; or quinoline or a substituted derivative thereof. If hemoglobin is present in the fecal sample, the oxidizable substrate is converted to the visibly detectable, colored product.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for detecting the presence of biologically-important analytes by using redox liposome biosensors. In particular, the present invention provides liposome/sol-gel electrodes suitable for the detection of a wide variety of organic molecules, including but not limited to bacterial toxins.

Abstract: A test method and device are described for quantitatively determining the presence and concentration of monopersulfate ion in aqueous solution. Contacting the aqueous solution containing monopersulfate ion with a test strip in accordance with the invention produces a color change in proportion to the concentration of the ion. The invention has particular utility in maintaining the proper level of sanitizers in swimming pool water.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for the detection of creatinine in a fluid test sample by contacting the test sample with cupric ions, a hydroperoxide, citrate and an oxidizable dye which gives a colored response in the presence of oxygen free radicals and a pseudoperoxide. The improvement involves stabilizing the reagent formulation by the addition thereto of an ionizable phosphate containing compound such as phytic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for measuring non-contractile oxidative metabolism in smooth muscle cells comprising providing a medium suitable for the support of oxidative metabolism, incubating a cell or tissue sample with a specimen from a patient, measuring a marker of oxidative metabolism in the incubate, and detecting an increase in oxidative metabolism which is not attributable to a contractile demand for ATP. Such an increase in oxidative metabolism will be indicative of the existence of an agent or combination of agents able to cause an increase in oxidative metabolism in smooth muscle cells, and thus provides means for diagnosing and monitoring various pathologies associated therewith.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improvement to the assay for creatinine in fluid test samples by contacting the test sample with a reagent formulation containing cupric ions, a hydroperoxide and an oxidizable dye. The improvement involves the inclusion of one or more selected quinolines in the reagent formulation. When the quinoline is substituted with methyl in the 2-5 position and/or a methoxy in the 2-6 position auto-oxidation of the oxidizable dye is reduced. When the quinoline is further substituted in an otherwise unsubstituted carbon atom in the 2-8 position, the assay's resistance to interference from hemoglobin and ascorbate is increased.

Abstract: Systems and methods treat biological fluids carrying contaminants by photoactivating materials mixed with the fluids. The systems and methods quantify the photoreactions that occur in a manner that permits correlation with clinical results.

Abstract: A biosensor apparatus for detecting a binding event between a ligand and receptor. The apparatus includes an electrode substrate coated with a high-dielectric hydrocarbon-chain monolayer, and having ligands attached to the exposed monolayer surface. Binding of a receptor to the monolayer-bound ligand, and the resultant perturbation of the monolayer structure, causes ion-mediated electron flow across the monolayer. In one embodiment, the monolayers have a coil--coil heterodimer embedded therein, one subunit of which is attached to the substrate, and the second of which carries the ligand at the monolayer surface.

Abstract: A vessel holds a liquid content for exposure to prescribed light energy. The vessel has a region transparent to the prescribed light energy. The liquid content of the vessel includes a solution comprising a material undergoing reduction oxidation as a result of exposure to the prescribed light energy, and a reducing agent for the photoactive material. A device measures optical absorbance of the vessel and the liquid content. The device operates in a first instance to measure a first optical absorbance value before exposing the vessel and the liquid content to the prescribed light energy. The device also operates in a second instance to measure a second optical absorbance value after exposing the vessel and the liquid content to the prescribed light energy, to obtain a difference between the first and second optical absorbance values. The difference comprises an illumination characteristic for the vessel with respect to the prescribed light energy.

Abstract: Detecting white blood cells in an aliquot of urine by placing the aliquot of urine in an automated analyzer sampling cup, transferring the urine to a cuvette and injecting at least one reagent composition. The reagent composition contains a buffer, an activator such as benzalkonium chloride, an indicator and at least one substance to remove substances in the urine that cause interference with colorimetric photometry. The aliquot of urine is read in accordance with a preprogrammed code at a monochromatically specified wavelength to compare absorbance of the patient's urine with a known standard containing a known concentration of white blood cells.

Abstract: A stable single reagent for the determination of carbon dioxide in serum is provided as an aqueous solution of diagnostically amounts and NADH and/or NADPH, and a stabilizing system therefore reactively stabilized PEPC and a substrate for reacting with bicarbonate ion under alkaline conditions in the presence of PEPC.

Abstract: The determination of lysozyme in urine is carried out by contacting the urine with a reagent system containing a buffer and a protein error indicator dye. Other proteins normally found in urine can compete with the lysozyme for interaction with the protein error indicator thereby affecting the specificity of the test for lysozyme. The present invention involves the addition of certain alkyl sulfonic acids or sulfonates to increase both specificity and sensitivity of the reagent for lysozyme.

Abstract: Detecting red blood cells in a patient's urine by placing an aliquot of the urine in an automated analyzer sampling cup. The urine is transferred to a cuvette mounted within the automated analyzer and one or more reagent compositions in an aqueous medium is injected into the cuvette. The reagent contains a buffer to adjust pH, chemicals to remove substances in the urine that interfere with colorimetric photometry, a compound to lyse the red blood cells in the urine, a substrate to react with the hemoglobin, a color indicator and a surfactant to improve fluid mechanics. The sample is read against a standard using a pre-programmed monochromatically specified wavelength to determine the presence or absence of blood cells in the patient's urine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the determination of creatinine in urine which involves contacting a urine test sample with a reagent system containing Cu.sup.+2, a hydroperoxide and an oxidizible dye which provides a detectable response when oxidized in the presence of a pseudoperoxide. The reagent system also includes a buffer to maintain the urine's pH within the range of 6.6 to 8.0 and a chelating agent for the cupric ions to prevent oxidation of the dye in the absence of creatinine.

Abstract: Water soluble salts of hydrazone compounds react quickly with aniline compounds in the presence of a peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide to provide a color which can be measured spectrophotometrically or visually, either in solution or when incorporated in a device for the measurement of analytes of interest. These water-soluble hydrazone salts are useful in determining hydrogen peroxide or an analyte which reacts to produce hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous liquid, by, in the presence of a substance having peroxidative activity, physically contacting a sample of a liquid with a dye-forming composition comprising a water-soluble salt of a hydrazone compound and a substituted or unsubstituted aniline compound to produce a colored dye; and detecting the dye formed as a result of the presence of hydrogen peroxide or an analyte which reacts to produce hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A method and device for removing oxygen using a reduced oxidase enzyme and for providing a colorimetrically detectable signal of the presence of the oxygen is disclosed. A reduced laccase or ascorbate oxidase is preferably provided with a substrate which reduces the oxidase. Color is generated which can be detected visually or by other means such as a spectrophotometer. The method and device are particularly useful in the food, pharmaceutical and biological industries.

Abstract: A method of detecting the permeability of an article to oxygen is disclosed. A fluorescent redox indicator, preferably riboflavin, is dispersed in a carrier and placed on an impermeable substrate. The article to be measured is placed adjacent to the carrier. Residual oxygen is removed, the redox indicator is photoreduced, the article and carrier are exposed to oxygen, and the indicator is exposed to UV light.

Abstract: An improved method of testing individuals for diabetes, even if they have levels of interfering substances (e.g., uric acid, bilirubin, and glutathione) that would otherwise interfere with such testing, is disclosed. The individual's protein-bound glucose level and glucose level are compared to the analogous values for a reference population to enable the risk of that individual's having diabetes to be assessed. The substances that would otherwise tend to interfere with the assay for protein-bound glucose are removed before the assay, desirably by precipitating the protein-bound glucose using uranyl acetate, which desirably leaves substantially all of the interfering substances in the supernatant, then separating the precipitate from the supernatant, redissolving the precipitate, and conducting the colorimetric assay on the resulting solution. An improved colorimetric test for protein-bound glucose using viologens as the colorimetric electron acceptors is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fecal specimen may be tested for the presence of occult blood by combining the fecal specimen with(a) an oxidizable substrate that produces a colored product in the presence of peroxide and hemoglobin;(b) hydrogen peroxide or a peroxide source; and(c) an enhancer selected to enhance the sensitivity of the test. Suitable enhancers are monocyclic nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compounds; tertiary or quaternary ammonium compounds having a phenyl, hydroxy alkyl or esterified hydroxy alkyl attached to the nitrogen; or quinoline or a substituted derivative thereof. If hemoglobin is present in the fecal sample, the oxidizable substrate is converted to the visibly detectable, colored product.

Abstract: A system for determining the concentration of fructosamine in sera which consists of a first reagent in which a tetrazolium salt which reduces all reactive substances in sera including fructosamine and a second reagent which is responsive to all reactive substance in sera other than fructosamine. The difference in color change as between the two allows the determination of concentration of fructosamine.

Abstract: A color-forming coupler is provided which can be used in test compositions, as well as methods and apparatus for detection of hydrogen peroxide. The color-forming coupler compounds react with a hydrazone or an aminoantypyrine in the presence of peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide to produce a darkly colored compound. In the presence of peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide, the couplers of the present invention react with a hydrazone or an aminoantipyrine to produce a deeply colored dye, which can be used to give a visual indication of the analyte present in the sample. These couplers can be used in diagnostic tests in which the analyte is converted to hydrogen peroxide. The color-forming couplers are N,N-disubstituted anilines of the formula shown in FIG. 1 , whereinR.sup.1 and/or R.sup.2 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 -C.sub.9 alkoxy, NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 (where R.sup.3 and/or R.sup.4 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 alkyl, aryl, or heteroryl), F, Cl, Br, I, COOR.sup.5 (where R.sup.5 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A composition, test device and method of determining the presence or concentration of ketone bodies, and specifically D-.beta.-hydroxybutyrate, in a test sample are disclosed. The test device includes a test pad comprising a suitable carrier matrix incorporating an indicator reagent composition capable of interacting with D-.beta.-hydroxybutyrate to produce a detectable or measurable response. In addition, a new and improved indicator reagent composition, comprising a) an indicator dye that is responsive to thiols, such as a substituted isobenzothiazolone, Ellman's reagent or a derivative of Ellman's reagent; b) D-.beta.-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase; c) lipoamide dehydrogenase; d) D,L-lipoamide; and e) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is incorporated into the carrier matrix to provide an accurate and sensitive assay of a test sample for D-.beta.-hydroxybutyrate (DHBA) in particular, and for ketone bodies in general.

Abstract: A test method and device is described for determining biguanides in aqueous fluids such as swimming pool water which involve contacting the fluid with a matrix incorporating a pH sensitive indicator material which exhibits the biguanide error effect. A buffer is advantageously used to maintain the test system within a defined constant pH range to eliminate the effect of pH changes on the test system.

Abstract: A colorimetric test strip useful for analysis of free chlorine is provided. In a preferred embodiment, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine is the colorimetric indicator. Beneficially, the carrier for the indicator has been treated to have a pH that eliminates chloramine interference. Advantageously, the indicator in free base form and a suitable water-soluble buffer may be deposited on the carrier using a combined solution of indicator and buffer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for determining the presence of an oxidant or reductant in a sample by contacting the sample with a thin film of polyaniline in the reduced state or oxidized state, respectively, and measuring the color change occurring with the oxidation or reduction, respectively, of the polyaniline film.

Abstract: A fecal specimen may be tested for the presence of occult blood combining the fecal specimen with(a) an oxidizable substrate that produces a colored product in the presence of peroxide and hemoglobin;(b) hydrogen peroxide or a peroxide source; and(c) an enhancer selected to enhance the sensitivity of the test. Suitable enhancers are monocyclic nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compounds; tertiary or quaternary ammonium compounds having a phenyl, hydroxy alkyl or esterified hydroxy alkyl attached to the nitrogen; or quinoline or a substituted derivative thereof. If hemoglobin is present in the fecal sample, the oxidizable substrate is converted to the visibly detectable, colored product.

Abstract: Method for diagnosing a cellular aging or inflammation condition of keratinocytes of the skin or a pilous follicle in a person, or for diagnosing the efficiency of a treatment intended to combat said condition. To this effect, the concentration or activity of certain markers (catalase, glutathion or glutathion peroxydase) is compared in the keratinocytes suspected of being pathological and the keratinocytes of a reference non pathological area. The pathological condition intensifies the activity of the catalase, or reduces the activity of other markers. Application particularly to the diagnosis of alopecia, and to the estimation of the efficiency of a treatment of baldness with minoxidil in a given individual.

Abstract: A composition for detecting the presence and concentration of a substance such as uranyl, comprising an organohalide covalently bonded to an indicator for said substance. The composition has at least one active OH site for forming a complex with the substance to be detected. The composition is made by reacting equimolar amounts of the indicator and the organohalide in a polar organic solvent. The absorbance spectrum of the composition-uranyl complex is shifted with respect to the absorbance spectrum of the indicator-uranyl complex, to provide better spectral resolution for detecting uranyl.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of dissolved oxygen in a water sample comprising the steps:(a) providing a water sample of predetermined volume, the oxygen content of which is to be determined;(b) mixing additives with the water sample to form a mixture, the additives comprising an oxidizable metal salt comprising a transition metal cation selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper, and an anion selected from the group consisting of an inorganic anion and an organic anion which, with the cation, results in a water soluble oxidizable metal salt, at least one water soluble alkali metal compound selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal oxide and an alkali metal hydroxide and at least one oxidation-reduction indicator capable of a color change upon oxidation of the metal salt;(c) preventing any substantial contact of the mixture with atmospheric oxygen; and(d) comparing the color of the mixture to a predetermined

Abstract: A chemiluminescent dye penetrant composition is provided for detecting cracks and other defects in the surface of an object, which comprises a carrier, preferably in the form of a nonionic surfactant, a small amount of a fluorescent dye soluble in the surfactant and a minor amount of hydrogen peroxide. The dye penetrant is applied to the surface of the object and excess dye penetrant is removed therefrom. An oxalate ester or oxalate amide is then applied to the treated surface and reacts with the dye penetrant in the cracks and defects to luminesce, and produces self illuminated penetrant indications at the location of the cracks and defects. Oxalate esters such as bis(2,4,6 trichlorophenyl) oxalate are preferred. The oxalate ester or oxalate amide can be mixed with inert conventional developer materials such as talc or fumed silica.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for the detection of creatinine in an aqueous solution, particularly urine, which involves contacting the solution with a soluble cupric salt, a hydroperoxide and an oxidizable indicator which provides a detectable response in the presence of oxygen free radicals and a pseudoperoxidase. The invention is predicated on the discovery that cupric ions form a complex with creatinine which complex exhibits peroxidase like activity.