Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for composite and symmetrical hybrid electronic connectors. Embodiments may include a composite electronic connector 1702 having a set of signals 2402, being divisible into multiple subconnectors 1802, each having a subset of the signals 2404/2408, a harness 204 that combines the subconnectors 1802, distribution 2508 of the set of signals 2402 to the subsets of the signals 2404/2408, a symmetrical electronic connector 208, being connectable in more than one orientation, a tongue 210 within the symmetrical connector 208 having more than one contacting surface 902/1002, each having a set of contacts 404/408, mapping 2512 of the signals 2402 to the contacts 404/408 so as to achieve a correct connection independent of the orientation of the symmetrical connector 208, a cable 106 between the composite connector 1702 and the symmetrical connector 208, and switching 2518 of a power signal 2402-5 on and off.

Abstract: A dongle couples an electrophysiologic catheter and a navigational system, including a patient interface unit (PIU). The dongle permits hardware normally carried on catheter control handle to be relocated onto the dongle to render catheter “greener” and less costly to manufacture use. The dongle having a support portion with flexibility, shape memory and/or varying degrees of stiffness also advantageously allows a user more control over the placement, position and orientation of the dongle. The dongle has a body with a first electrical interface unit, and a support portion with a second electrical interface unit, the support portion having an outer flexible tubular member with shape memory. In one embodiment, the support portion comprises a gooseneck tubing. In another embodiment, the support portion comprises a coiled spring.

Abstract: Telecommunications jacks and methods of their use and construction are described. One telecommunications jack is adapted to receive a plug, and includes a housing defining a port for receiving the plug, as well as first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth consecutively arranged contact springs adapted to make electrical contact with the plug when the plug is inserted into the port of the housing along a first axis. The jack includes first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth wire termination contacts for terminating wires to the jack, and a circuit board arrangement including first and second circuits, the circuit board arrangement including a circuit board moveable in a direction non-parallel with the first axis between first and second positions.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for selectively communicating data and audio over a limited-size audio plug. A host device determines whether an audio accessory or a data communicating accessory is plugged therein via a signal, or lack thereof, communicated to the host device via the audio plug of the accessory. The host device then either communicates audio or data over the audio plug contacts that are typically used only for audio communication based on whether its connected to an audio accessory or data communicating accessory. An audio plug may also include a split-ring contact where multiple, independent contacts are formed in place of a single tip, ring, or sleeve contact. The split-ring contact may be used for communicating audio and/or data.

Abstract: A connector joint support module includes a boss including at least one projection; a connector joint disposed in an area adjacent to the boss, and a bracket disposed to be engaged with the boss while covering at least a portion of the connector joint. An electronic device includes a boss including at least one projection, a connector joint disposed in an area adjacent to the boss, a bracket disposed to be engaged with the boss and to cover at least a portion of the connector joint, a screw recess formed in a female screw shape at a center of the projection of the boss, an antenna carrier or a rear frame disposed to enclose the bracket, and a screw passing through one side of the antenna carrier or the rear frame and engaged with the screw recess of the boss.

Abstract: A communication jack having crosstalk compensation features for overall crosstalk interference reduction is disclosed. In one embodiment, the jack is configured to receive a plug to form a communication connection, and comprises jack contacts disposed in the jack, with each contact having at least a first surface and a second surface. Upon the plug being received by the jack, the plug contacts interface with the first surface of the jack contacts. The jack further includes a first capacitive coupling connected between two pairs of jack contacts to compensate for near end crosstalk, with the first capacitive coupling being connected to the pairs of jack contacts along the second surface adjacent to where the plug contacts interface with the jack contacts. A far end crosstalk compensation scheme is also set forth.

Abstract: A smart tap into which one or more than one power plugs can be inserted, including a voltage waveform measurement unit, a current waveform measurement unit, a communication unit, a control unit, and an arithmetic unit. The voltage waveform measurement unit and the current waveform measurement unit are units which measure a voltage waveform and a current waveform of power supplied to each of one or more home appliances via a corresponding respective power plugs connected to the home appliances. The communication unit is a unit which transmits the voltage waveform and the current waveform or a result of processing of the waveforms to a server. The control unit is a unit which controls switching of the power supplied to the home appliance and the amount of the supplied power in accordance with the control signal.

Abstract: An integrated radio frequency connector installed in a main board includes a built-in radio frequency part, a connecting element and conductive wire. The connecting element is installed and electrically coupled to the built-in radio frequency part, and the connecting element has a conductive terminal protruded from the built-in radio frequency part, and an end of the conductive wire is electrically coupled to the conductive terminal, and the other end of the conductive wire is electrically coupled to the main board to achieve a modular design, so as to facilitate the assembling procedure.

Abstract: An invention is afforded for a wall mountable universal serial bus (USB) and alternating current (AC) power sourcing receptacle. The invention includes an AC electrical receptacle that is capable of providing AC voltage of at least 120 volts. In addition, a USB electrical receptacle is included that is capable of providing a 5 volt regulated direct current (DC) voltage. At least one hot wire connection capable of facilitating carrying of a current from a source to a load, and at least one neutral wire connection capable of facilitating carrying of a current from the load to the source is included. Also included is a regulated voltage sourcing unit (RVSU) capable of transforming unregulated AC power to 5 volt regulated DC power.

Abstract: A connector includes an electronic component (60), a holder (20) for holding the electronic component (60), a housing (10) including an insertion opening (11), into which the holder (20) is insertable and which is open only in one direction, and configured to accommodate the holder (20) holding the electronic component (60), and conductive members (40) for conductively connecting the electronic component (60) and mating terminal fittings. The conductive members (40) include holder press-fit portions (51, 53) to be press-fitted into the holder (20) and housing press-fit portions (55) to be press-fitted into the housing (10) and the holder (20) is held in the housing (10) by the conductive members (40).

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for composite and symmetrical hybrid electronic connectors. Embodiments may include a composite electronic connector 1702 having a set of signals 2402, being divisible into multiple subconnectors 1802, each having a subset of the signals 2404/2408, a harness 204 that combines the subconnectors 1802, distribution 2508 of the set of signals 2402 to the subsets of the signals 2404/2408, a symmetrical electronic connector 208, being connectable in more than one orientation, a tongue 210 within the symmetrical connector 208 having more than one contacting surface 902/1002, each having a set of contacts 404/408, mapping 2512 of the signals 2402 to the contacts 404/408 so as to achieve a correct connection independent of the orientation of the symmetrical connector 208, a cable 106 between the composite connector 1702 and the symmetrical connector 208, and switching 2518 of a power signal 2402-5 on and off.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a synthetic jet ejector.

Abstract: A bonding-defect-detectable display device is disclosed which includes: a display panel defined into an active area used to display images and a pad area in which pads is formed; driver IC (Integrated Circuit) chip loaded on a pad region of the display panel; a flexible printed circuit board mounted to the pad region of the display panel; and a bonding resistance detection unit disposed into the driver IC chip. The display panel includes: first and second bonding portions formed in an occupation region of the driver IC chip within the pad area of the display panel; and third and fourth bonding portions formed in an occupation region of the flexible printed circuit board with the pad area of the display panel.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a plurality of leadframe assembly, each having a leadframe housing and a plurality of contacts carried by the leadframe housing. The electrical connector includes at least one unassigned electrical contact that includes a resistor.

Abstract: In conjunction with a wiring in a house carrying data network signal, a modular outlet includes a base module and interface module. The base module connects to the wiring and is attached to the surface of a building. The interface module provides a data unit connection. The interface module is mechanically attached to the base module and electrically connected thereto. The wiring may also carry basic service signal such as telephone, electrical power and cable television (CATV). In such a case, the outlet provides the relevant connectivity either as part of the base module or as part of the interface module. Both proprietary and industry standard interfaces can be used to interconnect the module. Furthermore, a standard computer expansion card (such as PCI, PCMCIA and alike) may be used as interface module.

Abstract: A lamp adapter apparatus includes a socket mount, a first mechanical connector, and an alternating current/direct current (AC/DC) adapter. The socket mount has a mount housing that carries a socket connector. The socket connector is configured to be releasably secured to a bulb receptacle of a lamp and receive AC electrical power from the lamp. The AC/DC adapter is connected between the socket connector and the first mechanical connector and converts the AC electrical power supplied from the lamp into the DC electrical power. A powered toy building block is connectable to the first mechanical connector of the lamp adapter apparatus and thereby receives electrical power from the lamp.

Abstract: A chip choke assembly which reduces the loss of magnetic flux from the underlying core portions. In one embodiment, this reduction is achieved by producing a chip choke assembly comprised of two or more chip choke portions that collectively form a closed magnetic path. Additionally, the chip choke assembly disclosed herein also allows for adequate clearance between adjacent pads so as to avoid arcing during high potential voltage conditions. Methods for manufacturing and using the aforementioned chip choke assembly are also disclosed.

Abstract: A sensor or detector device includes a box in the form of a tubular hollow body, through whose opening a connecting cable passes and that is sealed by a connected plug. The device also includes a card or an analogous substrate, carrying the electronic components of the sensor or detector and mounted in the box, by being coated by an insulating filler material filling approximately the entire remaining inside volume of the latter. The Device (1) is characterized in that it includes a mechanical element for the positioning with wedging of the card (6) in the box, preferably along a median plane or with longitudinal symmetry (PM) of the latter, with at least a portion of the element being integrated in the plug (5).

Abstract: One embodiment is directed to an adapter comprising a coupling circuit configured so that a portable RFID reader can be positioned near a first part of the coupling circuit associated with a first side of the adapter in order to perform a localized read of both an RFID tag attached to a first connector inserted into a first jack of the adapter and an RFID tag attached to a second connector inserted into a second jack of the adapter, wherein the coupling circuit is used to enhance a read range of the portable RFID reader when performing the localized read. These embodiments can be used in the outside plant of a telecommunications network. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a connector, including: a first interface, a second interface, and a signal boost circuit, where at least one of the first interface and the second interface includes a power supply contact head, and the power supply contact head is configured to power the signal boost circuit; and a casing, where the signal boost circuit is arranged inside the casing and concatenated between the first interface and the second interface, and the signal boost circuit performs signal amplification processing on a differential signal received by the first interface and outputs the signal over the second interface, and the first interface and the second interface are arranged on different surfaces outside the casing. Further, the present invention discloses an electronic device.

Abstract: A communications patching system includes a patch panel having a plurality of connector ports on a side thereof, and a sensor module secured to the patch panel side. The sensor module includes a plurality of pairs of IR emitters and sensors, with each emitter/sensor pair located adjacent to a respective one of the connector ports. Each emitter/sensor pair is configured to detect insertion and removal of a patch cord connector from a respective connector port. The sensor module includes a housing and a printed circuit board (PCB) secured to the housing. The IR emitters and sensors are electrically connected to the PCB, and the PCB includes a processor and memory for controlling the IR emitters and sensors.

Abstract: An IO port usable with an electronic apparatus to allow an external device to be connected thereto includes a plurality of signal pins disposed to exchange signals between the external device and the electronic apparatus, and at least one discharge pin disposed to be electrically connected to the external device ahead of the plurality of signal pins when the external device is connected to the IO port, and to discharge at least a portion of static electricity accumulated in the external device.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a first connector, a second connector, a detection circuit and a logic circuit. The first connector and the second connector are configured for electrical communication with first and second conducting terminals, respectively, of an audio jack plug. The detection circuit is configured to apply a first value of current to the first connector, and apply a second value of current to the second connector. The logic circuit is configured to generate an indication that the audio jack plug is fully inserted according to a logic level detected at the second connector when electrical ground is detected at the first connector.

Abstract: In a gas sensor, when an arithmetical mean roughness Ra of an inner periphery of a metal tube 95 is 1 ?m or less and end portions 93 and 94 of U-springs 92 are formed as curved contact portions, the end portions 93 and 94 of the U-springs 92 can slide smoothly along the inner periphery of the metal tube 95. Therefore, when vibration is applied to the gas sensor, the U-springs 92 can be prevented from being caught in the inner periphery of the metal tube 95, and the vibration can be absorbed by an elastic function of the U-springs 92. Even if the gas sensor vibrates, defective contact between a sensor element 20 and contact fittings 71 and wear and cracks in the sensor element 20 are less likely to occur. That is, the gas sensor resistant to vibration can be obtained.

Abstract: A communication connector with analog coupling circuit and a mechanical coupling circuit used for providing security to electronic devices. The analog circuit includes a male plug with an outer shell and tongue shell. Between the outer shell and tongue is a thin layer of non-conductive material to prevent the closure of a circuit. Two separate conductors are wired through the USB body; one attaching to the outer shell and the other attaching to the tongue. A closed circuit is created when the male USB is placed into a female receptor. The mechanical circuit creates a closed circuit when the plunger switch becomes compressed. There is a security monitor system connected to an end of the two conductors, which sound an alarm when circuit is opened. The alarm will sound if a thief attempts to steal the article either by cutting the wire or removal of the plug.

Abstract: A USB SSIC thin card device and a data transfer method thereof are provided. A first universal serial bus (USB) physical layer circuit is controlled by a USB device control unit to transmit data through a pair of first differential signal pins and a pair of a second differential signal pins, wherein the first USB physical layer circuit is used to transmit data complied with a USB 3.0 SSIC transmission specification.

Abstract: [Problem] To extremely simplify the configuration of an electrical connector by omitting a circuit board and an electrical connector, etc. of a mating counterpart. [Solution] A single plug connector 10 is directly mated with a wall part of a product chassis MF. In a mated state of the single plug connector 10, a contact part of a contact 12 is brought into contact with a contact part of a wiring pattern CP exposed from an inner-peripheral wall part of a mating hole MFa. Therefore, electrical connection of a signal transmission medium can be established by a simple configuration without the intermediation of a conventionally-used circuit board and an electrical connector serving as a mating counterpart mounted on the circuit board.

Abstract: A plug connector with external contacts is provided. The connector has one pair of contacts for transmitting data and one pair of contacts for receiving data. All data transmitted and received using the plug connector is serialized/de-serialized to enable data transmission at a very high rate. A corresponding receptacle connector has configurable contacts that are configured based on the orientation of the plug connector with respect to the receptacle connector. The receptacle connector may be included in a host device and has associated circuitry to detect orientation of the plug connector and to configure the contacts of the receptacle connector.

Abstract: A telecommunications jack (1) is described for making electrical connection to a mating plug (5) such that the electrical signals travel along a signal path through the jack and the plug when connected. The telecommunications jack includes a first supporting printed circuit board (16) holding an array of front contacts (12) that are connectable to telecommunication wires and a second compensating printed circuit board (17) comprising electrical compensation components for reducing crosstalk. The front contacts have a section that is in the signal path and a section that is outside the signal path. At least one electrical compensation component of the second printed circuit board is electrically connected to at least one front contact in the signal path and another electrical compensation component is electrically connected to at least one front contact in the section outside of the signal path.

Abstract: A board-to-board connector comprising a first connector having a first terminal and a first housing that includes a first fitting guide part formed on both ends in the long side direction, and a second connector having a second terminal that contacts to the first terminal and a second housing that includes a second fitting guide part that fits with the first fitting guide part, includes a switch that closes a detection circuit that electrically detects a complete fit of the first connector and the second connector.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing a low-cost and high-precision inductive device. In one embodiment, the inductive device comprises a substrate based inductive device which utilizes inserted conductive pins in combination with plated substrates which replace windings disposed around a magnetically permeable core. In some variations this is accomplished without a header disposed between adjacent substrates while alternative variations utilize a header. In another embodiment, the substrate inductive devices are incorporated into integrated connector modules. Methods of manufacturing and utilizing the aforementioned substrate based inductive devices and integrated connector modules are also disclosed.

Abstract: A connector comprising a storage device that stores configuration information, may be coupled to a twisted pair cable and may communicate the configuration information to a host device via a corresponding connector. The configuration information may comprise characteristics, features and/or configurations of the connector and/or the cable, for example, wire gauge, safety information, cable category, verification of testing, inner shielding, outer shielding, no shielding, type of use, and/or country of manufacture. The storage device may comprise an EPROM. The configuration information may be communicated utilizing one or more configured pins. The corresponding connector may sense and/or read the configuration information from the connector. The corresponding connector may be mechanically ganged and/or communicatively coupled to other connectors that are integrated in the host device. A single controller may control acquisition of configuration information.

Abstract: An ink containing device includes an ink cartridge and an adaptor. The ink cartridge includes a first main body having a first surface facing a first direction and a chamber that stores ink, an ink outlet portion disposed on the first surface of the first main body and that directs the ink from the chamber to an exterior of the first main body; and an ink detecting portion that detects an amount of the ink stored in the chamber. The adapter is attachable to the ink cartridge. The adapter includes a second main body and a movable member that moves with respect to the second main body.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a plurality of channels and at least one module. The channels transmit a plurality of electrical signals, wherein each channel generates at least one crosstalk coupling with the other channels; the at least one crosstalk coupling varies with frequency. The crosstalk couplings between the channels are added as a crosstalk coupling sum. Each modulation module is connected with the channels, and the at least one modulation module adjusts the at least one crosstalk coupling to decrease the crosstalk coupling sum according to the relation between the at least one crosstalk coupling and the other crosstalk couplings.

Abstract: The present invention publishes a conversion adaptor used for LCD panel inspection. The conversion adaptor comprises in order: a first connector plug, an adaptor main body, and a second connector plug; wherein, the first connector plug is used to connect to the connector of a test signal source, and the second connector plug is used to connect to the connector of a connecting cable to an LCD device. The present invention also includes an LCD inspection system. By adding a conversion adaptor, the present invention prevents damage done to the test signal source caused by frequent plugging and unplugging of LVDS cables from its external connector.

Abstract: A filter plug comprises a terminal holder with a recess body, a toroidal inductor and a cable. A plurality of conductive terminals are arranged on the recess body in a first direction thereof; a plurality of wire grippers are arranged on the recess body in a second direction thereof; and there is an angle between the first direction and the second direction. The toroidal inductor is arranged inside the recess body and comprises a magnetic ring with independent conductive coils wound thereon; two ends of the conductive coils are respectively connected to the conductive terminal and the wire gripper. The cable comprises a plurality of wires respectively connected to the wire grippers. The filter plug described above has filtering functions and is easy to assemble and can save space effectively.

Abstract: Systems and methods for configuring contacts of a first connector includes detecting mating of a second connector with the first connector and in response to the detection, sending a command over one of the contacts and waiting for a response to the command. If a valid response to the command is received, the system determines the orientation of the second connector. The response also includes configuration information for contacts in the second connector. The system then configures some of the other contacts of the first connector based on the determined orientation and configuration information of the contacts of the second connector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for minimizing alien crosstalk between connectors. Specifically, the methods and systems relate to isolation and compensation techniques for minimizing alien crosstalk between connectors for use with high-speed data cabling. A frame can be configured to receive a number of connectors. Shield structures may be positioned to isolate at least a subset of the connectors from one another. The connectors can be positioned to move at least a subset of the connectors away from alignment with a common plane. A signal compensator may be configured to adjust a data signal to compensate for alien crosstalk. The connectors are configured to efficiently and accurately propagate high-speed data signals by, among other functions, minimizing alien crosstalk.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides a super cage for receiving and providing a small form factor pluggable (SFP) communication module with a functionality, the super cage comprising: a sleeve dimensioned to receive an SFP communication module and be plugged into a conventional SFP cage having a socket for receiving an SFP connector of an SFP module; functionality circuitry housed in the sleeve; a cage connector electrically connected to the functionality circuitry and configured to be inserted into the conventional cage socket; and a coupling socket housed in the sleeve that receives an SFP connector of an SFP module and electrically connects the SFP connector to the functionality circuitry.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a casing, a housing, a terminal set, a printed circuit board, a cover body, and a signal gain circuit. The signal gain circuit is electrically connected to the printed circuit board and arranged on the printed circuit board. The electrical connector is arranged at a front panel of a computer and is electrically connected to an external electronic apparatus. Signals transmitted between the computer and the external electronic apparatus will not be weakened because of the signal gain circuit.

Abstract: An electronic device including a switch unit and a socket is provided. The switch unit has an output end, a first input end, a second input end and a control end. The control end is coupled to the first input end. The socket has an intake cavity on which a first terminal and a second terminal are disposed. The first terminal is electrically connected to the first input end, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the second input end. When the intake cavity holds a plug and the control end receives a high level voltage, the control end switches the first input end to the output end. When the control end receives a ground voltage, the control end switches the second input end to the output end.

Abstract: A device for electrically interconnecting and packaging electronic components. In one embodiment, a modular non-conducting base member having one or more component recesses and a plurality of lead channels formed therein is provided. At least one electronic component is disposed within the recess, and the wire leads of the component routed through the lead channels to a conductive lead terminal. A plurality of lead terminals, adapted to cooperate with the non-conducting base member, are received therein, and adapted to place the device in signal communication with an external printed circuit board. The modular non-conducting base members are assembled or stacked to form a unitary modular assembly. Methods for fabricating the device are also disclosed.

Abstract: A cable connector configured to receive a sound signal and alter the tonality of the sound by switching among a plurality of capacitors. The cable connector comprises a switch coupled to a binary coded plurality of capacitors. The cable connector receives an input signal corresponding to a sound through a conductor, which is also coupled to the switch. The switch may be used to select one of a plurality of capacitances, affecting the tonality of the sound. A cable implementing the cable connector and a method for using the cable connector are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a universal serial bus (USB) memory device having a 5 pin USB connector which may be directly used for a portable terminal and a method of manufacturing the same. The USB memory device includes: at least one 5 pin USB connector; a memory to write data received from the 5 pin USB connector or reading out stored data to transmit the data to the 5 pin USB connector; and a controller electrically connected to the 5 pin USB connector and the memory to control data transmission between the 5 pin USB connector and the memory, wherein the 5 pin USB connector comprises a power terminal, a ground terminal, a D+ terminal, a D? terminal, and an ID terminal, and the ID terminal is connected to the ground terminal so that the 5 pin USB connector is grounded.

Abstract: A dongle for coupling a signal source device and a signal sink device is disclosed. The dongle includes an interface receptacle, a display port interface plug, a repeater, a low-dropout regulator and an impedance unit. The interface receptacle is a DVI receptacle or a HDMI receptacle. The repeater is electrically connected between the interface receptacle and the display port interface plug to enhance signals. The low-dropout regulator includes a power input end and a power output end. The power input end is electrically connected to the interface receptacle, and the power output end is electrically connected to the display port interface plug. The impedance unit is electrically connected between the power output end of the low-dropout regulator and the interface receptacle. The signal source device may output the display port signal needed by the signal sink device according to the function of the dongle.

Abstract: A holder-mounting structure comprises a holder and a holder mounting portion into which the holder is slidably inserted. The holder includes a holder body for mounting of an electric component and a pair of plate portions extending from the holder body such that the electric component resides therebetween. The plate portions include a thick-walled portion continuing to the holder body and a thin-walled portion continuing to the thick-walled portion and provided at an end of the plate portion away from the holder body. The holder mounting portion includes an accommodating portion into which a connecting terminal connected to the electric component is accommodated. The thin-walled portion includes a complete-locking portion configured to be brought into locking engagement with the holder at a position where the electric component is connected to the connecting terminal with the holder slidably inserted into the accommodating portion.

Abstract: A holder assembly includes a cover and a frame that together can support a first and second terminal that can each include a two-way wire trap feature. The terminals can be configured with contacts that are configured to engage pads on a corresponding LED array. One or both of the terminals can also omit the contact and can be mounted so as to be in electrical contact with traces provided on the frame and the traces can be electrically connected to the anode and cathode of the LED array. The frame can further support circuitry that is configured to convert AC to DC.

Abstract: An exemplary VGA connector includes a number of power pins, a number of signal pins, a number of ground pins, a number of EMI suppression members, and a cable. The power pins are to receive power. The signal pins are to transmit signals. The EMI suppression members are configured to suppress electromagnetic interference. The cable includes a plurality of wires. Each wire corresponds to one pin. Each EMI suppression member is electrically connected between one of the plurality of signal pins and one of the plurality of wires corresponding to the one of the plurality of signal pins.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus can include an adapter that converts alternating power into driving power, and controls one or more of the color, brightness, chroma, and blinking of a light emitting device; and a light emitting device illumination part detachably and electrically connected to the adapter, containing one or more light emitting devices configured to emit light in accordance with the driving power and control.

Abstract: Embodiments provide an illumination apparatus including an adapter coupled detachably and electrically to an incandescent lamp socket or a halogen lamp socket, configured to convert alternating power to driving power; and a light emitting device connected detachably and electrically to the adapter, configured to emit light according to the driving power from the adapter.