Abstract: A combustion process wherein a fuel, a comburent and a component B), sulphur or sulphur containing compounds, are fed to the combuster in an amount to have a molar ratio B?/AI?0.5, wherein: B? is the sum by moles between the amount of sulphur present in component B)+the amount of sulphur (component BII)) contained in the fuel, AI is the sum by moles between the amount of alkaline and/or alkaline-earth metals (component AII)) contained in the fuel+the amount of the alkaline and/or alkaline earth metals (component A)) in the form of salts and/or oxides contained in component B), being the combustor isothermal and flameless.

Abstract: Processes are provided for making an alkylate gasoline blending component, comprising: a. feeding an olefin feed comprising greater than 80 wppm of a sulfur contaminant comprising mercaptans, alkyl sulfides, and alkyl disulfides to a chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst, wherein a level of the sulfur contaminant accumulates in the chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst to make a sulfur-contaminated ionic liquid catalyst comprising 300 to 20,000 wppm of a sulfur; and b. alkylating the olefin feed with an isoparaffin using the sulfur-contaminated ionic liquid catalyst to make the alkylate gasoline blending component having a final boiling point below 221° C. An alkylation process exclusively utilizing coker LPG olefins is also provided.

Abstract: A lubricity additive for fuels with sulphur content of not more than 0.05 wt % is described herein. The lubricity additive comprises a polyol ester or a mixture of polyol esters derived from C8-C18 saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids. The polyol esters is produced by: i) esterification of a C8-C18 saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, or a mixture thereof, with a polyhydric alcohol; ii) transesterification of an oil or a mixture of oils, with fatty acid composition comprising C8-C18 saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids, with a polyhydric alcohol. The preferred fatty acids are unsaturated C18 fatty acids, more particularly, oleic acid whereas the preferred polyhydric alcohol is neopolyol, more particularly, trimethylol propane and its isomers. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of fuel with sulphur content of not more than 0.05 wt % and a minor amount of the lubricity additive is also described herein. The amount of the lubricity additive is not more than 0.1 wt %.

Abstract: A method for producing a low sulphur containing fuel from a hydrocarbon feed having from 10 to 80 ppm of sulphur is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream comprising at least one olefin having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one paraffin having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms with an ionic liquid catalyst and a halide containing additive in an alkylation reaction zone under alkylating conditions to produce a fuel having sulphur content up to 10 ppm.

Abstract: A method for producing a low sulphur containing fuel from a hydrocarbon feed having from 10 to 80 ppm of sulphur is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream comprising at least one olefin having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one paraffin having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms with an ionic liquid catalyst and a halide containing additive in an alkylation reaction zone under alkylating conditions to produce a fuel having sulphur content up to 10 ppm.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to linear compounds in the form of oligomers or polymers containing unsubstituted or substituted phenol units and unsubstituted or substituted salicylic acid units. These compounds are useful as additives for lubricants and fuels. Metal salts of these compounds are useful as lubricant additives. A process for making these compounds is disclosed.

Abstract: Polyalkylene substituted carboxylic acylating agents which contain chlorine are synthesized by chlorine induced condensation of polyalkylenes and .alpha.-.beta. unsaturated carboxylic groups are treated with sulfur to reduce chlorine content of the carboxylic acylating agent.

Abstract: Motor fuel compositions contain alkoxylation products of oxo oils or their fractions or esters thereof, which are alkoxylated with propene oxide and/or butene oxides and/or not more than minor aomunts of ethene oxide.

Abstract: Certain aminofulvene derivatives are effective in improving the antiknock performance of gasoline when used in an internal combustion engine. Particularly preferred aminofulvene derivatives are 2-methoxycarbonyl-6-(dimethylamino)fulvene; 2,3-dimethoxycarbonyl-6-(dimethylamino)fulvene; or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Additives for improving the low temperature flow properties of hydrocarbon oils are disclosed, which comprise the condensation reaction product of alkylated phenol and aldehyde, wherein:(a) the polymer composition has a number average molecular weight of at least about 3,000 and a molecular weight distribution of at least about 1.5;(b) in the alkylated phenol reactant the alkyl groups (i) are essentially linear; (ii) have between 6 and 50 carbon atoms; and (iii) have an average number of carbon atoms between about 12 and 26; and(c) not more than about 10 mole % of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have less than 12 carbon atoms and not more than about 10 mole % of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have more than 26 carbon atoms. The additives may also be sulfurized, or produced in a branched backbone form in which monomer reactants are copolymerized with certain tri- or tetrafunctional comonomers.