Abstract: A method for treating petroleum, petroleum fraction, or natural gas, the process comprising: adding a) a first component which is selected from material, particularly roots, of a plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza, and/or an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and b) a second component which is selected from a plant material or -ingredient comprising plastids, algae and/or cyanobacteria, to the petroleum, petroleum fraction, or natural gas.

Abstract: Systems and methods to reduce pour point (PP) temperatures of fat-based compositions for use in transportation fuels. In one or more embodiments, methods and systems reduce the pour point of rendered fats using biologically-derived plant oils for effectively transporting the blended fat based compositions over long distances, thereby advantageously decreasing the heating and mixing requirements needed to maintain the compositional temperature above the pour point. In certain embodiments, the fat based composition comprises rendered animal fats, such as tallow in combination with distilled corn oil (DCO).

Abstract: A method for producing a bio-jet fuel includes a reaction step of hydrogenating, isomerizing, and decomposing a crude oil obtained by a deoxygenation treatment of a raw oil containing a triglyceride and/or a free fatty acid, by using a hydrogenation catalyst and an isomerization catalyst in a hydrogen atmosphere under conditions of a reaction temperature of 180° C. to 350° C. and a pressure of 0.1 MPa to 30 MPa.

Abstract: Provided herein are biodiesel fuel mixtures having improved properties for reducing NOx emissions as well as total particular matter emissions, CO emissions, and total hydrocarbon emissions.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for molecular content analysis. One of the methods includes receiving molecular content data that indicates a molecular content of a portion of a batch of sludge; determining, by a machine learning module included in the system using the molecular content data and multiple parameters, a predicted value for a property of the portion of the batch of sludge; and providing the predicted value for the property of the portion of the batch of sludge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising C10-C20 paraffins, wherein about 3 wt. % to about 30 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition, are C10-C15 paraffins, and the C10-C20 paraffins are derived from a biological raw material. The invention also relates to a protective agent for a porous material, comprising said composition.

Abstract: A multipurpose fuel composition is disclosed which contains a petroleum derived jet fuel component and a renewable jet fuel component, wherein the multipurpose fuel composition has a freezing point of ?40° C. or below, and an exemplary cetane number more than 40, preferably more than 45, more preferably more than 50.

Abstract: A fuel composition for powering a combustion engine, the composition comprising: a liquid base fuel; and a (co)polymer obtainable by (co)polymerizing at least the following monomers: •at least one bicyclic (meth)acrylate ester •optionally at least one lower-alkyl (meth)acrylate, •optionally at least one aromatic vinyl monomer, and •optionally other ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions containing at least one of the following: (1) estolide polyethylene glycol diesters; (2) hydroxy derived estolide polyethylene glycol diesters; (3) unsaturated hydroxy derived estolide polyethylene glycol diesters; (4) estolide trimetholpropane diesters; (5) hydroxy derived estolide trimetholpropane diesters; (6) unsaturated hydroxy derived estolide trimetholpropane diesters; (7) estolide epoxide polyethylene glycol diesters; (8) estolide dihydroxide polyethylene glycol diesters; (9) mono-capped hydroxy derived estolide epoxide polyethylene glycol diesters; (10) mono-capped hydroxy derived estolide dihydroxide polyethylene glycol diesters; and mixtures thereof; and optionally a carrier. All the compounds can be used as a viscosity index improver thereby improving a lubricant's performance.

Abstract: The present technology provides compositions that include at least about 98 weight percent (“wt %”) n-paraffins which, among other surprising features, may be suitable for use as a diesel fuel, an aviation fuel, a jet fuel blendstock, a blendstock to reduce the cloud point of a diesel fuel, a fuel for portable heaters, and/or as a charcoal lighter fluid. The composition includes at least about 98 wt % C7-C12 n-paraffins, where at least about 10 wt % of composition includes n-decane, at least about 20 wt % of the composition includes n-dodecane, and at least about 75 wt % of the composition includes even carbon number paraffins. The composition also includes less about 0.1 wt % oxygenates and less than about 0.1 wt % aromatics. The composition may be produced by a process that includes hydrotreating a biorenewable feedstock comprising at least one of palm kernel oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, microbial oil, or algal oil.

Abstract: A fuel composition for powering a combustion engine the composition comprising: a liquid base fuel; and a copolymer obtainable by copolymerizing at least the following monomers: —at least one bicyclic (meth)acrylate ester; —at least one fatty-alkyl (meth)acrylate; —optionally, and preferably, at least one aromatic vinyl monomer; and —optionally other ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to using high oil corn to make a biochemical such as ethanol. More particularly, the invention relates to methods of making a biochemical using relatively low temperature saccharification followed by fermentation or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of high oil corn.

Abstract: Marine gas oil compositions corresponding to fuels and/or fuel blending components are provided that can provide improved friction properties within an engine. Addition of lubricant base stock to a marine gas oil composition can reduce frictional losses within an engine during operation. The benefits in reduction of frictional losses can be observed based on the difference between the indicated mean effective pressure and the actual work delivered by an engine, where the difference corresponds to the frictional mean effective pressure.

Abstract: Provided is a device for producing ultra-low sulfur biodiesel. The device for producing ultra-low sulfur biodiesel is a two-stage processing device, comprising a two-stage purification unit, a two-stage enzyme reaction unit, a two-stage distillation unit, and a decompression rectification unit. The present invention is green and environment-friendly, effectively and completely removing sulfur-containing impurities from the raw material, eliminating the attack of a sulfur-containing group in the synthesis process on fatty acids, and providing sufficient conditions for obtaining ultra-low sulfur content methyl esters in the product section.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cetane-boosting fuel additive includes reacting formaldehyde and 2-ethylhexanol at a mole ratio of 10:1 to 1:1, or 5:1 to 1.5:1, or 4:1 to 2:1, or 3.5:1 to 2.5:1 in the presence of a heterogeneous acid catalyst at a temperature of 300 to 375° K to obtain a cetane-boosting product mixture comprising H3C(CH2)3CH(CH2CH3)CH2(OCH2)nOH, H3C(CH2)3CH(CH2CH3)CH2(OCH2)nOCH2CH(CH2CH3)(CH2)3CH3, or a combination thereof, wherein n has an average value of 2.8 to 3.2, preferably an average value of 3.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a system for producing bio-derived aromatic hydrocarbons from a renewable resource. More particularly, the disclosure provides for the co-location of a biomass reactor unit and an aromatization reactor unit to produce benzene from a renewable source such as plant mass. Hexane produced from cellulose in the biomass reactor unit can be converted to benzene in the aromatization reactor unit and hydrogen produced in the aromatization reactor unit can be used in the biomass reactor unit. Also described is the use of a mixture of bio-derived hexane produced from cellulose and naphtha in an aromatization process.

Abstract: A process for recovery hydrogen and LPG from a gaseous separated hydroprocessed stream and a stripper gaseous stream and/or a fractionator gaseous stream by increasing the pressure of the stripper gaseous stream and/or the fractionator gaseous stream. Both streams or all three streams can be subjected to sponge absorption and hydrogen recovery in series.

Abstract: Methods and devices for economically producing a purified biodiesel product from feedstocks. Some embodiments of the methods comprise using at least one of a crude feedstock pretreatment process and a free fatty acid refining process prior to transesterification and the formation of crude biodiesel and glycerin. The crude biodiesel is then subjected to at least one biodiesel refining process which, in conjunction with feedstock pretreatment and free fatty acid refining produces a purified biodiesel product that meets multiple commercial specifications. A wide variety of feedstocks may be used to make biodiesel that otherwise would not meet the same commercial specifications, including corn oil, used cooking oil, poultry fats, fatty acid distillates, pennycress oil, and algal oils.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a system for producing bio-derived aromatic hydrocarbons from a renewable resource. More particularly, the disclosure provides for the co-location of a biomass reactor unit and an aromatization reactor unit to produce benzene from a renewable source such as plant mass. Hexane produced from cellulose in the biomass reactor unit can be converted to benzene in the aromatization reactor unit and hydrogen produced in the aromatization reactor unit can be used in the biomass reactor unit. Also described is the use of a mixture of bio-derived hexane produced from cellulose and naphtha in an aromatization process.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes and systems that convert biomass to stable intermediate hydrocarbon products that having a greatly decreased oxygen content. This stabilized intermediate hydrocarbon product may be easily be stored for an extended period of time, further refined into liquid transportation fuels (either alone or mixed with petroleum-derived hydrocarbons), or blended with petroleum-derived blendstocks to produce a finished liquid transportation fuel.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is disclosed for hydrocracking a hydrocarbon feed stream following hydrotreating the feed stream. A separator removes diesel and lower boiling materials in a hydrotreated stream before a hydrocracking reactor, so only liquid materials heavier than diesel are hydrocracked in a hydrocracking reactor. A vapor hydrotreated stream and the hydrocracked stream are separated and fractionated together.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Fuel Supplement comprising of selected plant oils mixed in given proportions, which when added to fuels like petrol and diesel can reduce harmful emissions during combustion of fuel. It can significantly decrease the Sulphur content in fuels and thus protect the environment from harmful pollutants. It improves the fuel lubricity and engine performance. It also increases the flash point of Diesel.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to methods for producing detergent compounds from waste plastic feedstocks. More specifically, the invention relates to methods for producing detergent intermediates, including alkylbenzenes, paraffins, olefins, oxo alcohols, and surfactant derivatives thereof from waste plastic feedstock.

Abstract: An integrated facility for the co-production of ethanol and biodiesel fuel is provided. Ethanol and corn oil, the primary product and a by-product from the ethanol plant, are utilized as feedstocks for a biodiesel plant operating within the same general facility as the corn ethanol plant. By-products of the biodiesel plant, principally crude liquid glycerol and gaseous ethanol or methanol, are recycled to various parts of the ethanol plant.

Abstract: Methods and devices for economically producing a purified biodiesel product from feedstocks. Some embodiments of the methods comprise using at least one of a crude feedstock pretreatment process and a free fatty acid refining process prior to transesterification and the formation of crude biodiesel and glycerin. The crude biodiesel is then subjected to at least one biodiesel refining process which, in conjunction with feedstock pretreatment and free fatty acid refining produces a purified biodiesel product that meets multiple commercial specifications. A wide variety of feedstocks may be used to make biodiesel that otherwise would not meet the same commercial specifications, including corn oil, used cooking oil, poultry fats, fatty acid distillates, pennycress oil, and algal oils.

Abstract: Provided are a method for regulating acid resistance of a microorganism by suppressing the expression of the fadD gene therein and a screening method for a microorganism having acid resistance by using the expression level of the fadD gene as an index. A method for regulating acid resistance of a microorganism, including suppressing the expression of fadD gene present in the microorganism.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for revamping a conventional refinery of mineral oils into a biorefinery, characterized by a production scheme which allows the treatment of raw materials of a biological origin (vegetable oils, animal fats, exhausted cooking oils) for the production of biofuels, prevalently high-quality biodiesel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the hydrodeoxygenation of pyrolysis oils in the presence of an alcohol.

Abstract: The amount of renewable hydrocarbons produced from biomass may be increased by pyrolyzing the biomass in a biomass conversion unit in the presence of hydrogen sulfide or a sulfiding agent. The formation of deposits of unwanted carbonaceous materials, such as coke, is reduced by the presence of the hydrogen sulfide or sulfiding agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrocarbon composition, which can be used as a fuel and/or fuel oil, containing a petroleum component (A) and a component of a biological origin (B), wherein the component of a biological origin is present in a quantity of up to 75% by volume with respect to the total composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated process comprising first and second biotechnical processes. The first process produces biofuel and/or starting material for biofuel and uses a microorganism capable of producing enzymes. The second process produces biofuel and/or starting material for biofuel. In the integrated process, the microorganisms are cultivated and biofuel and/or starting material for biofuel and enzymes are produced. The microorganism culture, supernatant or a protein enriched fraction or a dilution of the supernatant comprising catalytically active enzyme(s) are introduced into the first and/or into the second process, or feedstock for the process(es) is treated. The invention relates also to use of the produced enzymes in biofuel production process or in other applications as an enzyme preparation or a source of enzymes. The invention relates also to use of the produced lipids and alcohols as biofuel, a component of biofuel or a starting material for biofuel production.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing a jet fuel composition from a feedstock including a natural oil. The methods include reacting the feedstock with a low-weight olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product. The methods further include hydrogenating the metathesized product under conditions sufficient to form a jet fuel composition.

Abstract: The invention provides synergistic biofuel blends comprising a petroleum distillate and two or more fatty acid alkyl ester-containing biofuels. Methods for making synergistic biofuel blends are also provided.

Abstract: Process for the production of biocombustible or biofuel mixtures suitable for different conditions of use, starting from refined or raw vegetable oils, including those extracted from seaweed, and/or from used food oils and animal fats, each of which is pre-treated with specific treatments in order to yield a dried refined oil. The latter then undergoes transesterification with an excess of lower alcohols or bioalcohols, and a subsequent separation into a raw glycerine-based phase and a phase containing mixtures of fatty acid alkyl esters and the excess alcohols or bioalcohols.

Abstract: High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having a CHN content of at least 97.2 wt %, less than 2.8 wt % of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75° C., T40 of at least 75° C., a T50 of at most 105° C., a T90 of at most 135° C., a final boiling point of less than 210° C., an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for culturing a microalgae biofamily to produce lipids. The method includes growing a microalgae biofamily comprises multiple microalgae species in a liquid medium at a first stress level. A portion of the microalgae are exposed to a second stress level and harvested. Lipids are extracted from the harvested portion. Also disclosed is a system for culturing a microalgae biofamily that comprises an enclosed pond containing microalgae in growth medium and having a sloped bottom, at least one photobioreactor positioned above the pond, and a pump circulating the microalgae-containing growth medium between the pond and the at least one photobioreactor.

Abstract: Emissions of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from diesel engines may be reduced by blending a renewable hydrocarbon distillate with a base diesel fuel. The base diesel may be a fossil diesel fuel, a Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel as well as a hydroprocessed biodiesel fuel or a combination thereof. The renewable hydrocarbon distillate is a fraction from hydrotreated bio-oil having a boiling point between from about 320° F. to about 700° F.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to isolated microorganisms as well as strains and mutants thereof, biomasses, microbial oils, compositions, and cultures; methods of producing the microbial oils, biomasses, and mutants; and methods of using the isolated microorganisms, biomasses, and microbial oils.

Abstract: Methods for making a fuel composition comprising contacting one or more components of a hydroprocessing feedstock, for example both a fatty acid- or triglyceride-containing component and a paraffin-rich component, with hydrogen under catalytic hydroprocessing conditions are disclosed. The methods are effective to upgrade the component(s) and provide a hydroprocessed biofuel. A representative method utilizes a single-stage process in which hydrogen-containing recycle gas is circulated through both a hydrodeoxygenation zone and a hydrocracking zone in series.

Abstract: A process for converting triacylglycerides-containing oils into crude oil precursors and/or distillate hydrocarbon fuels is disclosed. The process may include reacting a triacylglycerides-containing oil-carbon dioxide mixture at a temperature in the range from about 250° C. to about 525° C. and a pressure greater than about 75 bar to convert at least a portion of the triacylglycerides to a hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons comprising one or more of isoolefins, isoparaffins, cycloolefins, cycloparaffins, and aromatics.

Abstract: A process for making a bio-naphtha and optionally bio-propane from a complex mixture of natural occurring fats & oils, wherein said complex mixture is subjected to a refining treatment for removing the major part of non-triglyceride and non-fatty acid components, thereby obtaining refined fats & oils; said refined fats & oils are transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffin's as the bio-naphtha by an hydrodeoxygenation or from said refined fats & oils are obtained fatty acids that are transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffin's as the bio-naphtha by hydrodeoxygenation or decarboxylation of the free fatty acids or from said refined fats & oils are obtained fatty acids soaps that are transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffin's as the bio-naphtha by decarboxylation of the soaps.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for producing fuels and solvents from fatty acid resources. In general, the pyrolysis products of fatty acids are extracted in order to remove residual fatty acids and produce very pure hydrocarbon compositions composed of alkanes and alkenes. The fatty acids removed from the extraction step can be further pyrolyzed to produce additional hydrocarbons or, in the alternative, the fatty acids can be isolated and used in other applications. Also disclosed herein are fuels and solvents produced by the methods described herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing olefinic monomers for the production of a polymer. The invention particularly relates to the production of tall oil-based biopolymers, such as polyolefins. In the stages of the method bio oil, with a content of over 50% of fatty acids of tall oil and no more than 25% of resin acids of tall oil, and hydrogen gas are fed into a catalyst bed (7); the oil is catalytically deoxygenated in the bed by hydrogen; the flow exiting the bed is cooled down and divided into a hydrocarbon-bearing liquid phase (10) and a gas phase; and the hydrocarbon-bearing liquid (13) is subjected to steam cracking (4) to provide a product containing polymerizing olefins. The deoxygenation in the bed can be followed by a catalytic cracking or, with a suitable catalyst, the deoxygenation and cracking can be simultaneous. The separated hydrogen-bearing gas phase can be circulated in the process.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of biomass to hydrocarbon products such as transportation fuels, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil, chemical and refinery plant feeds. The instant process uses a hydrocarbon or synthesis gas co-feed and hot pressurized water to convert the biomass in a manner commonly referred to as hydrothermal liquefaction.

Abstract: Candle compositions are disclosed which include a high concentration of liquid oils, yet are solid due the incorporation of wax-monoesters; thereby enhancing the scope, quality and functionality of candles. The wax-monoesters may be obtained from natural plant based waxes, including rice bran wax. Candles based on the candle compositions and methods of making the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining properties of hydrocarbonaceous samples including a component prepared from: 1) the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass, or 2) the pyrolytic conversion of biomass with subsequent upgrading. The determination of the property(ies) is by use of a near-infrared spectra based correlation.

Abstract: A wax comprises a metathesis product and/or a product that resembles, at least in part, a product which may be formed from a metathesis reaction. The wax may be used to form articles for example, candles (container candles, votive candles, and/or a pillar candles), crayons, fire logs or tarts. The wax commonly includes other components in addition to the metathesis product.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for processing grease trap waste to produce brown grease oil. Heat to promote waste grease stratification is provided by combustion of brown grease itself. A portion of the brown grease, which would normally be transported to an end user, is retained in a separate holding vessel at the grease processing site. The brown grease within the holding vessel is thermally conditioned to adjust viscosity so that it may be drawn through one or more pumps to increase pressure for atomization in a boiler. The heat of the brown grease combustion is applied to grease trap waste in the containment vessel by heating tubes immersed in the grease trap waste in which a heat transfer medium circulates and gives up its heat to the grease trap waste to thereby promote stratification of the grease trap waste and production of the brown grease oil.

Abstract: Hydrotreating methods and hydrotreating systems are provided herein. In an embodiment, a hydrotreating method includes heating a petroleum-based diesel feed. The heated petroleum-based diesel feed is introduced to a hydrotreating process. An unheated carbonaceous feed is introduced to the hydrotreating process separate from the heated petroleum-based diesel feed. The heated petroleum-based diesel feed and the unheated carbonaceous feed are co-processed in the hydrotreating process. In an embodiment of a hydrotreating system, the hydrotreating system includes a hydrotreating unit, and a heating apparatus, with the heating apparatus heating petroleum-based diesel feed prior to introduction to the hydrotreating unit. The unheated carbonaceous feed source is in fluid communication with the hydrotreating unit for introducing an unheated carbonaceous feed to the hydrotreating unit separate from the petroleum-based diesel feed.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to methods of refining a renewable oil, such as a biofuel. In some embodiments, the invention relates to methods for the efficient removal of gums and waxes from a renewable oil.