Abstract: Provided is a gasoline product containing a combustion improver, and a method for preparing the gasoline product. The combustion improver is added to gasoline to reduce an octane number and thus an ignition point of the gasoline, so that the gasoline product can be used in a compression ignition internal combustion engine. The combustion improver-containing gasoline product is a low-octane number gasoline, and is capable of being ignited through compression by an internal combustion engine having a compression ratio in the range from 12 to 22.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalytic fast pyrolysis process for the production of fuel blendstocks and chemicals. In addition, the invention provides compositions of renewable blendstocks, compositions of renewable fuel blends, and compositions of 100 percent renewable fuels compatible with gasoline specifications and regulations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of TBHP as a fuel additive and in particular as an additive to diesel fuel.

Abstract: A fuel for compression-ignition engines is described, which contains mono oxymethylene dimethyl ether and has a cetane number of ?51. This fuel for compression-ignition engines advantageously contains oxygenates of the n-polyoxaalkane type and/or di-tert-butyl peroxide. Up to about 20% by weight of the mono oxymethylene dimethyl ether can be replaced by dimethyl ether.

Abstract: An additive composition for use in a diesel fuel formulation, comprising a cetane improver in an inclusion complex with a modified cyclodextrin of formula (I): wherein n is an integer from 6 to 20, and R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl and carbonyl, provided that R1, R2 and R3 are not all hydrogen. Also provided is a diesel fuel formulation comprising the additive composition, and the use of a modified cyclodextrin (I) as a vehicle for a cetane improver in an additive composition or diesel fuel formulation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising a) a substance selected from the group of astaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, astaxanthindialkanoylesters, isozeaxanthin, isozeaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, isozeaxanthindialkanoylesters and mixtures thereof; and b) a substance selected from the group of alkyl nitrates, nitrooxy esters of alkoxy substituted aliphatic alcohols and organic peroxides; as well as to a change in oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons, especially fuels, admixed to these compositions. The invention also relates to a composition comprising a) a compound selected from the group consisting of astaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, astaxanthindialkanoylesters, iso-zeaxanthin, iso-zeaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, iso-zeaxanthindialkanoylesters and mixtures thereof; and c) a fuel.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition is disclosed, as well as a method for reducing NOx emissions from a diesel engine at minimum fuel consumption wherein the diesel engine operates in a low temperature combustion mode, comprising the step of adding to the diesel engine at least one diesel fuel or blending component for a diesel fuel having a combination of a low T50 in the range of from 190° C. to 280° C., a high cetane number in the range of from 31 to 60, and an effective emissions reducing amount of a nitrogen-free cetane improver.

Abstract: A liquid fuel composition includes alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, the liquid fuel composition being for ignition by compression. Various examples pertain to a liquid fuel composition with alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, with ignition by compression to a diesel cycle fuel engine where the fuel can be able to be produced by means of biotechnology from renewable biologic source, including processes of fermentation of sugars or materials available on sugar and ethanol plants. As an example, a produced fuel can be used conventionally as replacement of diesel in urban transportation vehicles or roads and can be an alternative to diesel fuel. The composition can be employed alone or mixed to fossil diesel oil (e.g., in the engine, etc.).

Abstract: A fuel additive composition includes: a) a reverse-micellar composition having an aqueous disperse phase that includes cerium dioxide nanoparticles in a continuous phase that includes a hydrocarbon liquid, a surfactant, and optionally a co-surfactant and b) a reverse micellar composition having an aqueous disperse phase that includes a cetane improver effective for improving engine power during fuel combustion. A method of making a cerium-containing fuel additive includes the step of: a) providing a mixture of a nonpolar solvent, a surfactant, and a co-surfactant; and b) combining the mixture with an aqueous suspension of stabilized cerium dioxide nanoparticles.

Abstract: The invention provides fuel mixtures containing fuel oil, glycerol, glycerol impurities and non-ionic surfactants. The mixtures remain homogeneous longer and are more chemically stable than previous mixtures. Upon combustion, the mixtures generate reduced SOx, NOx and particulate matter emissions compared to residual fuels and offer improved engine performance over previous mixtures.

Abstract: Exhaust emissions resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in compression ignition engines may be reduced using a homopolymer that may be polyisobutylene, polypropylene, and/or hyperbranched polyalpha-olefins. The homopolymer may have a molecular weight of from about 1600 to about 275,000. Optionally, an alkyl nitrate such as 2-ethylhexylnitrate (2EHN), and/or a peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide, may also be used together with the homopolymer. Both NOx and particulate matter emissions (PM) may be reduced using ppm quantities of the additive compositions; alternatively, NOx emissions may be lowered or reduced while PM emissions do not substantially increase.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fuel additive whose composition in weight percentage is as follows: nitrogen monoxide 1˜76%, hydrogen peroxide 20˜83%, ethylene 3˜66%, acetone 1˜64%, dichlorodifluoromethane 1˜60%, benzene 1˜60%, carbon tetrachloride 1˜60%, petroleum ether 1˜60%, butanone 1˜60%, ethanol 1˜60%, methanol 1˜60%, ethyl ether 1˜60%, nitryl oil 1˜60%, isopropanol 1˜60%, dichloromethane 1˜60%, toluene 1˜60%, acetonitrile 1˜89%, n-butanol 1˜76%, 2-butanol 1˜60%, tert-butanol 1˜89%, cyclohexane 1˜76%, diethyl ether 1˜90% and nitromethane 1˜76%. Mix the above components well and dissolve them into a solution. The addition should be in the volume ratio of 1:700˜1:60000 when applied.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition is disclosed, as well as a method for reducing NOx emissions from a diesel engine at minimum fuel consumption wherein the diesel engine operates in a low temperature combustion mode, comprising the step of adding to the diesel engine at least one diesel fuel or blending component for a diesel fuel having a combination of a low T50 in the range of from 190° C. to 280° C., a high cetane number in the range of from 31 to 60, and an effective emissions reducing amount of a nitrogen-free cetane improver.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel hydrocarbon fuel and a method of manufacturing the said hydrocarbon fuel from a novel biomass source. The hydrocarbon fuel has the following ingredients in the proportion herein defined: a. Limonene 2% to 60% b. Benzoyl Peroxide 1% to 5% c. Iso Propyl Alcohol 1% to 5% d. Glycerine 5% to 25% e. Tetra Hydrofuran 10% to 40% f. Tertiary Butyl Alcohol 10% to 20% g. Ethyl Formate 5% to 30% h. Methyl Alcohol 5% to 25% i. Cyclopentane 2% to 10% j. Ethyl Alcohol 22% to 40%.

Abstract: Described is a colloidal fluid composition, comprising H2O2, hydrocarbon(s) and at least one additive, in particular at least a colloid fluid stabilizing agent. The composition can be made using aqueous H2O2 solutions comprising e.g. 30 to 50% H2O2 and is suitable as fuel for different kinds of engines. This colloidal fluid composition can be processed and transformed by a device (100).

Abstract: The cetane number of middle distillate fuels may be increased using an additive composition including a polymer that may be a homopolymer or copolymer of olefins, and the like, where the polymer has a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 200,000 to about 5,000,000. The additive composition also includes a free radical initiator component, which may be an alkyl nitrate such as 2-ethylhexylnitrate (2-EHN), and/or a peroxide, such as t-butyl peroxide. In one non-limiting embodiment the amount of polymer in the additive composition is greater than the free radical initiator component. A solvent is also present, which the solvent may include alcohol, an alkyl substituted phenol and/or a heavy aromatic distillate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel additive composition, and more particularly, to the fuel additive composition comprising hydrogen peroxide, silicate, borax, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and water. When the fuel additive composition of the present invention is added to fuels such as coal, oil, gas and etc., it stimulates fuel combustion, induces the complete combustion of fuel, and increases the heat transfer by preventing clinker formation and fouling in combustion apparatus. In particular, when the fuel additive composition is added to the coal, it increases a pulverizing efficiency in pre-treatment process, thereby facilitating supply of the coal to combustion apparatus advantageously.

Abstract: A method of Improving the efficiency of a diesel engine provided with a source of diesel fuel includes the steps of: a) adding to the diesel fuel a reverse-micellar composition having an aqueous first disperse phase that includes a free radical initiator and a first continuous phase that includes a first hydrocarbon liquid, a first surfactant, and optionally a co-surfactant, thereby producing a modified diesel fuel; and b) operating the engine, thereby combusting the modified diesel fuel. The efficiency of a diesel engine provided with a source of diesel fuel and a source of lubricating oil can also be improved by modifying the lubricating oil by the addition of a stabilized nanoparticulate composition of cerium dioxide. The efficiency of a diesel engine can also be improved by adding to the diesel fuel a reverse-micellar composition that includes an aqueous disperse phase containing boric acid or a borate salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing inorganic oxide particles from a precursor material or mixture under combustion synthesis and compositions thereof. The combustion synthesis method is low-cost, low tech, and energy efficient. The combustion synthesized inorganic oxide particles of the method are smaller and exhibits a lower band gap than commercially available specimen of the same chemical composition.

Abstract: Exhaust emissions resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in compression ignition engines may be reduced using a homopolymer that may be polyisobutylene, polypropylene, and/or hyperbranched polyalpha-olefins. Optionally, an alkyl nitrate such as 2-ethylhexylnitrate (2EHN), and/or a peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide, may also be used together with the homopolymer. Both NOx and particulate matter emissions (PM) may be reduced using ppm quantities of the additive compositions; alternatively, NOx emissions may be lowered or reduced while PM emissions do not substantially increase.

Abstract: Lead-free aviation fuel composition with a MON greater than 100, made up of a major component of a fuel made from Avgas and a minor component of at least two compounds from the group of esters of at least one mono-or poly-carboxylic acid and at least one mono- or polyol, anhydrides of a least one mono- or poly-carboxylic acid, preferably aromatic ethers at a level of at least 5% w/w and ketones at a level of more than 10% w/w.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stabilized diesel fuel composition comprising a) a diesel fuel with a cetane number less than or equal to 50, b) an effective amount of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the cetane improvers and c) i) an effective stabilizing amount of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the stable nitroxide compounds or ii) an effective synergistic stabilizing amount of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the stable nitroxide compounds and at least one antioxidant compound selected from the group consisting of the aromatic amine antioxidants and the hindered phenolic antioxidants. The cetane improvers are for example nitrate esters. The diesel fuel compositions exhibit improved filterability.

Abstract: An emulsion fuel oil additive to be mixed with a fuel oil and a water for forming an emulsion fuel oil is disclosed. The emulsion fuel oil additive includes an emulsion reagent for forming an water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion fuel oil with the fuel oil and the water, a combustion-assisting reagent for improving ignition and combustion of the emulsion fuel oil, a stabilization reagent for forming an interface membrane between the fuel oil and the water by a chemical reaction at a specific temperature, a promotion reagent for promoting emulsification of the fuel oil and the water and promoting the interface membrane formation by the stabilization reagent, and an antioxidant reagent for preventing deterioration of the emulsion fuel oil during storage.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising an alkylnitrate such as a nitrate ester and hydroperoxide quinone which synergistically improves the cetane of diesel fuels and other middle distillate fractions, excluding jet.

Abstract: There are disclosed middle distillate fuel oil compositions containing an additive being a copolymer of Mn 200-50,000 having a polymethylene backbone which may be O or N substituted and having nitrate, peroxide, nitrite or nitrosocarbonate side chains.

Abstract: Fuels, methods of producing fuels, and methods of using fuels to reduce the amount of atmospheric pollutants (NOx, CO, and/or hydrocarbons) formed on combustion of middle distillate fuels in engines or burner apparatus. These results can be achieved without concomitant increases in emissions of particulates. The fuels contain less than 500 ppm of sulfur and at least one peroxy ester combustion improver.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a diesel fuel which contains a synergistic combination of an organic peroxidic additive such as ditertiary butyl peroxide in combination with a propylene or butylene glycol monoalkyl ether or polyol, the combination of additives providing for reduced fuel emissions and improved fuel economy.

Abstract: The cetane numbers of viscoreduced diesel fuels are significantly improved by intimately contacting same with an effective amount of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a carboxylic acid, or with an effective amount of a percarboxylic acid either in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide; the final product diesel fuels are also effectively deodorized and decolorized.

Abstract: The cetane numbers of directly distilled diesel fuels are significantly improved by intimately contacting same with an effective amount of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a carboxylic acid, or with an effective amount of a percarboxylic acid either in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A method and a composition for providing an improved combustion containing hydrocarbon compounds in order to reduce the content of injurious substances in the exhaust gases/discharges, at which a liquid composition containing 10-80% by volume of a peroxide or peroxo compound is added to the air of combustion or the fuel-air mixture respectively.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon-based fuel to which has been added a minor amount, sufficient to increase the cetane value of the fuel, of a perketal of the formulaR.sup.2 R.sup.3 C(OOR.sup.1).sub.2wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.4-10 tertiary alkyl group and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together with the attached C atom form a cycloalkane ring optionally substituted by one or more C.sub.1-4 alkyl radicals or other essentially inert substituents, such as halogen.