Abstract: Use of a wax anti-settling agent (WASA), in an automotive fuel composition, for the purpose of improving the acceleration performance of an internal combustion engine into which the fuel composition is or is intended to be introduced or of a vehicle powered by such an engine.

Abstract: A method of combating internal diesel injector deposits caused by carboxylate residues and/or lacquers in the injectors of a diesel engine, the method comprising combusting in the engine a diesel fuel composition comprising (a) the reaction product of a carboxylic acid-derived acylating agent and an amine and (b) a quaternary ammonium salt additive.

Abstract: The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

Abstract: A method for preventing biodeterioration of fuel. The method reduces the microbial growth in fuel by administering an antimicrobial peptide (or efflux pump inhibitor) to a fuel phase of the fuel, an aqueous phase of the fuel, or both, which disrupts the cellular membrane (or the efflux pumps thereof) of microbes comprising the growth.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems; the invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.

Abstract: A method for preventing biodeterioration of fuel. The method reduces the microbial growth in fuel by administering an antimicrobial peptide (or efflux pump inhibitor) to a fuel phase of the fuel, an aqueous phase of the fuel, or both, which disrupts the cellular membrane (or the efflux pumps thereof) of microbes comprising the growth.

Abstract: The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems; the invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition, fuel composition, method of improving the injector performance of a fuel injected engine, method for preventing or cleaning up deposits in an engine or fuel system, method of reducing wear in a fuel system of an engine, and method of improving the demulsibility of a fuel composition. The fuel composition includes from about 5 to about 300 ppm by weight based on a total weight of the fuel composition of a hydrocarbyl soluble quaternary ammonium carboxylate derived from a quaternary ammonium carbonate and an organic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and a concentrate, comprising: (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) a quaternary ammonium salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent condensation product, and (c) an optional amount of a succinimide dispersant different from (b), and a use of the composition or concentrate for lubricating an engine. In a further embodiment, the invention provides the use of a quaternary ammonium salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent condensation product as a dispersant in a lubricating composition, and as a synergistic dispersant combination with a different succinimide dispersant.

Abstract: A fuel composition for a direct fuel injected gasoline engine comprising, a method for improving performance of fuel injectors and a method for cleaning fuel injectors for an internal combustion gasoline engine. The fuel composition includes a major amount of fuel and a minor, effective amount of a quaternary ammonium salt having a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of greater than 50 wt. % at 350° C. The amount of quaternary ammonium salt present in the fuel is sufficient to improve performance of the direct fuel injected engine having combusted the composition compared to the performance of such engine having combusted a fuel composition that does not contain the quaternary ammonium salt.

Abstract: A method of removing deposits from a diesel engine, the method comprising combusting in the engine a diesel fuel composition comprising an engine cleaning additive, wherein the engine cleaning additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) ammonia, hydrazine or an amine; and (c) an optionally substituted phenol; wherein the or each substituent of the phenol component (c) has an average molecular weight of less than 400.

Abstract: The disclosure provide a sulfur-free and halogen-free synergistic additive concentrate for a fuel injected engine. The additive concentrate includes (a) an alkoxylated quaternary ammonium salt of the formula (R1)nN[(R2O)xH]m, wherein R1 contains from 1 to 25 carbon atoms, R2 contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n and m are each integers from 1 to 3, provided n+m=4, and x is an integer of from 1 to 5; and (b) a material containing a hydrogen-bonding group other than an alkyl hydroxyl group selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbyl acid; hydrocarbyl polyacid; hydrocarbyl substituted hydroxybenzene; hydrocarbyl substituted succinic diamide, acid/amide, diacid, diester, ester/acid, amide/ester, imide; aminotriazole, and mixtures thereof, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent has a number average molecular weight of from about 100 to about 1500, and wherein a weight ratio of (a) to (b) in the additive ranges from about 1:5 to about 1:1.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising a performance enhancing additive, wherein the performance enhancing additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) a polyamine; and (c) an optionally substituted phenol; wherein the polyamine component (b) includes the moiety R1R2NCHR3CHR4NR5R6 wherein each of R1, R2 R3, R4, R5 and R6 is independently selected from hydrogen, and an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl substituent.

Abstract: A method of removing deposits from a diesel engine, the method comprising combusting in the engine a diesel fuel composition comprising an engine cleaning additive, wherein the engine cleaning additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) ammonia, hydrazine or an amine; and (c) an optionally substituted phenol; wherein the or each substituent of the phenol component (c) has an average molecular weight of less than 400.

Abstract: Compositions that include a detergent composition and an active metal compound are described wherein the detergent composition includes a quaternary ammonium salt detergent and optionally an oxygen-containing detergent, and wherein the active metal compound is in the form of a colloidal dispersion, comprising an organic phase, particles of an iron compound in its amorphous form, and at least one amphiphilic agent. These compositions can be used in fuels to provide improved engine performance by, for example, reducing fuel injector fouling in the engine and/or by improving the regeneration of the engine's particulate exhaust trap.

Abstract: Polytetrahydrobenzoxazines and bistetrahydrobenzoxazines, obtainable by (A) reacting at least one diamine of the formula H2N-A-NH2 with a C1- to C12-aldehyde and a C1- to C8-alkanol at 20 to 80° C. with elimination and removal of water, (B) reacting the condensation product from (A) with a phenol which bears a long-chain substituent at 30 to 120° C., and optionally (C) heating the reaction product from (B) to 125 to 280° C. The resulting polytetrahydrobenzoxazines and bistetrahydrobenzoxazines are suitable as fuel or lubricant additives, especially as detergent additives for diesel fuels.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) polyalkene-substituted amine having at least one tertiary amino group; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a fuel additive concentrate, a method for cleaning fuel injectors, a method for restoring power to a diesel fuel injected engine, a fuel composition, and a method of operating a fuel injected diesel engine. The additive concentrate includes (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted quaternary ammonium internal salt and (b) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic anhydride derivative, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 450 to about 1500. A weight ratio of (a) to (b) in the additive concentrate ranges from about 1:20 to about 2:1, and the additive concentrate is devoid of a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid, anhydride or ester and an amine compound of the formula wherein R2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and R3 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

Abstract: A gasoline composition comprising, as an additive, one or more quaternary ammonium salt(s) (i) formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R1 is an alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to 36 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms; X is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1 to C36 alkyl group.

Abstract: A fuel soluble additive for a gasoline engine, a method for improving performance of fuel injectors and a method for cleaning fuel injectors for a gasoline engine. The fuel soluble additive includes a quaternary ammonium salt derived from an amido amine containing at least one tertiary amino group and an epoxide, in the presence of a proton donor selected from a carboxylic acid and an alkyl phenol. The amido amine is made in a reaction medium that is substantially devoid of an acylating agent.

Abstract: A quaternized copolymer obtainable by: (A) copolymerization of straight-chain, branched or cyclic, ethylenically unsaturated C2 to C100 hydrocarbons, which may bear oxygen- or nitrogen-functional substituents which cannot be reacted with amines to give amides or imides or with alcohols to give esters, with ethylenically unsaturated C3- to C12-mono- or dicarboxylic acids or acid derivatives, which can be reacted with amines to give amides or imides or with alcohols to give esters, to give a copolymer with a number-average molecular weight of 500 to 20 000; (B) partial or full amidation or imidation or esterification of the carboxylic acid functions by reacting them with oligoamines having 2 to 6 nitrogen atoms or alcoholamines, each of which comprises primary or secondary nitrogen atom or a hydroxyl group and a quaternizable tertiary nitrogen atom; (C) partial or full quaternization of the tertiary nitrogen atom with a quaternizing agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to heating oils continuing quaternary ammonium salts, including succinimide, Mannich, polyalkylene substituted amine, quaternary ammonium salts. The invention also relates to the use of such salts in heating oil compositions and the use of such heating oil compositions in heating systems such as furnaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: A fuel soluble additive for a gasoline engine, a method for improving performance of fuel injectors and a method for cleaning fuel injectors for a gasoline engine. The fuel soluble additive includes a quaternary ammonium salt derived from an amido amine containing at least one tertiary amino group and an epoxide, in the presence of a proton donor selected from a carboxylic acid and an alkyl phenol. The amido amine is made in a reaction medium that is substantially devoid of an acylating agent.

Abstract: A fuel soluble additive for a diesel engine, a method for improving performance of fuel injectors and a method for cleaning fuel injectors for a diesel engine. The fuel soluble additive includes a quaternary ammonium salt derived from an amido amine containing at least one tertiary amino group and an epoxide, in the presence of a proton donor selected from a carboxylic acid and an alkyl phenol. The amido amine is made in a reaction medium that is substantially devoid of an acylating agent.

Abstract: In accordance with the disclosure, exemplary embodiments provide a fuel additive concentrate, a method for cleaning fuel injectors, a method for restoring power to a diesel fuel injected engine, a fuel composition, and a method of operating a fuel injected diesel engine. The additive concentrate includes (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted quaternary ammonium internal salt; and (b) a reaction product of (i) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid, anhydride, or ester and (ii) an amine compound or salt thereof of the formula wherein R is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R1 is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. The reaction product (b) on average has less than 2 amino-triazole groups per molecule. A weight ratio of (a) to (b) in the additive concentrate ranges from about 10:1 to about 1:10.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fuel oil composition with enhanced conductivity. The oil composition comprises a Petroleum Based Component and a combination of Lubricity and Conductivity additives. In one aspect, additional additives can be added such as: (a) low temperature operability/cold flow additives, (b) corrosion inhibitors, (c) cetane improvers, (d) detergents, and (e) dyes and markers (f) anti-icing additives, (g) demulsifiers/anti haze additives, (h) antioxidants, (i) metal deactivators, (j) biocides, and (k) thermal stabilizers. Further, the present disclosure describes a method of using such composition is described.

Abstract: A fuel composition for a direct fuel injected gasoline engine comprising, a method for improving performance of fuel injectors and a method for cleaning fuel injectors for an internal combustion gasoline engine. The fuel composition includes a major amount of fuel and a minor, effective amount of a quaternary ammonium salt having a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of greater than 50 wt. % at 350° C. The amount of quaternary ammonium salt present in the fuel is sufficient to improve performance of the direct fuel injected engine having combusted the composition compared to the performance of such engine having combusted a fuel composition that does not contain the quaternary ammonium salt.

Abstract: A method is described for reducing nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas flow of combustion engines, especially a motor vehicle internal combustion engine, wherein an air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the combustion engine is combusted in the presence of a fuel additive and, in the process, the fuel additive decomposes and the exhaust gas flow is guided through at least one catalyst arranged downstream of the combustion chamber. This method is characterized in that a fuel additive is used, which decomposes in the combustion chamber releasing ammonia and the exhaust gas flow containing ammonia is guided through at least one SCR catalyst arranged downstream of the combustion chamber to reduce the concentration of the nitrogen oxides contained therein.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising a quaternary ammonium salt additive which additive is formed by the reaction of (1) a quaternising agent and (2) a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and at least 1.4 molar equivalents of an amine of formula (B1) or (B2), wherein R2 and R3 are the same or different alkyl, alkenyl or aryl groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; X is a bond or alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1 to C22 alkyl group.

Abstract: A fuel composition for a fuel injected internal combustion engine, a method for improving performance of fuel injectors and a method for cleaning fuel injectors for a fuel-injected internal combustion engine. The fuel composition includes a major amount of fuel and a minor, effective amount of a quaternary ammonium salt of a hydrocarbyl amine and a hydrocarbyl-substituted alkyl-hydroxybenzoate. The amount of quaternary ammonium salt present in the fuel is sufficient to improve performance of the fuel injected internal combustion engine having combusted the composition compared to the performance of such engine having combusted a fuel composition that does not contain the quaternary ammonium salt. The hydrocarbyl-substituted alkyl-hydroxybenzoate contains one or more hydrocarbyl substituents providing a total of at least 8 up to about 200 carbon atoms, provided the one or more hydrocarbyl substituents do not contain sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in hydrocarbons, gas mixtures of hydrocarbons and the like may be scavenged therefrom by being brought into intimate contact with a mercaptan scavenger formulation of quaternary ammonium alkoxide or hydroxide in the presence of a high oxidative state metal such as cobalt, iron, chromium and/or nickel. The high oxidative state metal, being an oxidizer, acts as a catalyst when combined with the quaternary ethoxide or hydroxide for improved mercaptan scavenging performance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of quaternized alkylamine nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive and lubricant additive, such as, more particularly, as a detergent additive; for reduction or prevention of deposits in the injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems, for reduction of the fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems, and for minimization of power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems; and as an additive for gasoline fuels, especially for operation of DISI engines.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition comprising a dispersion comprising (a) an inorganic metal compound, (b) a quaternary salt surfactant and (c) an organic medium, wherein the metal compounds are uniformly dispersed in the organic medium. The invention also provides fuel compositions comprising said dispersion and methods of operating internal combustion engines and open flame burners utilizing said dispersion.

Abstract: An amine mixture includes a polyisobuteneamine and an aliphatic amine. The amine mixture is obtained by reductive amination of a mixture with ammonia or an amine HNR2R3. The mixture can be a mixture of the oxo process product formed in the hydroformylation of polybutene or polyisobutene and an alkanol R4—OH. The mixture can also be a mixture of the epoxide formed in the epoxidation of polybutene or polyisobutene and an alkanol R4—OH. Or, instead, the mixture can be a mixture of the nitro compound formed in the reaction of polybutene or polyisobutene with nitrogen oxides and an alkanol R4—OH. The amine mixture is suitable for cleaning and keeping clean intake valves and injection nozzles in gasoline engines.

Abstract: A fuel composition for a direct fuel injected diesel engine, a method for improving performance of fuel injectors and a method for cleaning fuel injectors for a diesel engine. The fuel composition includes a major amount of fuel and a minor, effective amount of a quaternary ammonium salt having a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of greater than 50 wt. % at 350° C. The amount of quaternary ammonium salt present in the fuel is sufficient to improve performance of the direct fuel injected diesel engine having combusted the composition compared to the performance of such engine having combusted a fuel composition that does not contain the quaternary ammonium salt.

Abstract: A gasoline composition comprising, as an additive, one or more quaternary ammonium salt(s) (i) formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R1 is an alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to 36 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms; X is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1 to C36 alkyl group.

Abstract: The formation in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel of ice particles having a weight average particle size greater than 1 ?m when said liquid hydrocarbon fuel is cooled to temperatures in the range of from 0 to ?50° C. can be reduced or eliminated by use of at least one surfactant that is capable of dispersing water in said liquid hydrocarbon fuel to provide a stable clear water-in-oil microemulsion wherein the droplet size of the dispersed water phase is no greater than 0.25 ?m.

Abstract: Polytetrahydrobenzoxazines and bistetrahydrobenzoxazines, obtainable by (A) reacting at least one diamine of the formula H2N-A-NH2 with a C1- to C12-aldehyde and a C1- to C8-alkanol at 20 to 80° C. with elimination and removal of water, (B) reacting the condensation product from (A) with a phenol which bears a long-chain substituent at 30 to 120° C., and optionally (C) heating the reaction product from (B) to 125 to 280° C. The resulting polytetrahydrobenzoxazines and bistetrahydrobenzoxazines are suitable as fuel or lubricant additives, especially as detergent additives for diesel fuels.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent and a compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing with said acylating agent and further having a tertiary amino group; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) Mannich reaction product having a tertiary amino group, said Mannich reaction product being prepared from the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol, an aldehyde, and amine; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fuel additives, fuel additive compositions and fuel compositions, as well as a method for fueling an internal combustion engine, providing reduced metal pick-up by fuels where the compositions of the present invention contain a hydrocarbon substituted with at least two carboxy functionalities in the form of acids or at least one carboxy functionality in the form of an anhydride.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent and a compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing with said acylating agent and further having a tertiary amino group; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent and a compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing with said acylating agent and further having a tertiary amino group; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) Mannich reaction product having a tertiary amino group, said Mannich reaction product being prepared from the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol, an aldehyde, and amine; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent and a compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing with said acylating agent and further having a tertiary amino group; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent and a compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing with said acylating agent and further having a tertiary amino group; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in hydrocarbons, gas mixtures of hydrocarbons and the like may be scavenged therefrom by being brought into intimate contact with a mercaptan scavenger formulation of quaternary ammonium alkoxide or hydroxide in the presence of a high oxidative state metal such as cobalt, iron, chromium and/or nickel. The high oxidative state metal, being an oxidizer, acts as a catalyst when combined with the quaternary ethoxide or hydroxide for improved mercaptan scavenging performance.