Abstract: A liquid fuel composition includes alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, the liquid fuel composition being for ignition by compression. Various examples pertain to a liquid fuel composition with alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, with ignition by compression to a diesel cycle fuel engine where the fuel can be able to be produced by means of biotechnology from renewable biologic source, including processes of fermentation of sugars or materials available on sugar and ethanol plants. As an example, a produced fuel can be used conventionally as replacement of diesel in urban transportation vehicles or roads and can be an alternative to diesel fuel. The composition can be employed alone or mixed to fossil diesel oil (e.g., in the engine, etc.).

Abstract: Fuel blends and processes for producing a fuel unit blend to replace gasoline or supplement the apparent energy density of diesel or other fuel. The fuel unit blend comprises a base combustive fuel component that produces excess heat, which heat activates and sustains reactions of secondary detonative fuel components. The fuel mixture including a detonative fuel component blended with a stabilizing fuel component is dynamically stable, allowing the detonative fuel component to survive the combustion of the base combustive fuel component. The fuel blend produces first deflagrative combustion and then detonative or explosive waves in an internal combustion engine so as to produce maximum effective torque on the engines piston. A secondary effect is provided when the exhaust gas is cooled, increasing the Carnot thermal efficiency of the engine. The fuel blends may be diluted with a base combustive fuel to form a synthetic fuel for use within an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A stabilized alkyl ester fuel is disclosed. The stabilized alkyl ester fuel comprises alkyl esters, an effective amount of an alkylalkanolamine, and an effective amount of an alkylhydroxylamine. The alkyl ester fuel is stabilized to oxidative degradation of the alkyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids found in alkyl ester fuels.

Abstract: A process of producing a universal synthetic based gasoline fuel additive that cleans the fuel system including valves surface, lubricates the fuel pump, injectors and valves while allowing for a clean and more efficient burn. A major portion will consist of (a) Alfa-Olefins, (b) 2-propanol (c) Hydroisomerized High VI HT Base Oils, (d) Dimethyl Ketones, (e) Low Flash Mineral Spirits, (f) Low Aromatic Solvent, (g) Isomer Reformate, (h) Solvent Activated Dye. In a preferred embodiment, this universal synthetic gasoline conditioner additive for improving lubrication comprises: alpha-olefins comprising from 5 to 30 percent thereof, by weight; low odor aromatic solvents comprising from 3 to 27 percent thereof, by weight; 2-Propanol comprising of 3 to 30 percent thereof, by weight; and at least one a base oil comprising from 0.50 to 15 percent thereof, by weight; wherein: the percentages by weight are specified in relative proportion to one another.

Abstract: A process of producing a universal synthetic based gasoline fuel additive that cleans the fuel system including valves surface, lubricates the fuel pump, injectors and valves while allowing for a clean and more efficient burn. A major portion will consist of (a) Alfa-Olefins, (b) 2-propanol (c) Hydrolsomerized High VI HT Base Oils, (d) Dimethyl Ketones, (e) Low Flash Mineral Spirits, (f) Low Aromatic Solvent, (g) Isomer Reformate, (h) Solvent Activated Dye. In a preferred embodiment, this universal synthetic gasoline conditioner additive for improving lubrication comprises: alpha-olefins comprising from 5 to 30 percent thereof, by weight; low odor aromatic solvents comprising from 3 to 27 percent thereof, by weight; 2-Propanol comprising of 3 to 30 percent thereof, by weight; and at least one a base oil comprising from 0.50 to 15 percent thereof, by weight; wherein: the percentages by weight are specified in relative proportion to one another.

Abstract: According to the invention, a fuel cell system features a fuel cell (1) having an electrode (5, 6), and an antioxidant residing in or contacting the electrode (5, 6), for inactivating active oxygen.

Abstract: A stabilized lubricant composition is disclosed that comprises lubricating oil and a mixture of (a) at least one organophosphite compound and (b) at least one aromatic secondary amine or one substituted phenol or mixtures thereof. The compositions have been found to be highly resistant to oxidation under demanding service conditions.

Abstract: A direct type fuel cell (1) is supplied with a fuel comprised of hydrocarbon and antioxidant, to have a maintained durability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of ?-(dimethylisopropenylbenzylurethane) polyalkylene glycols with ?-alkoxy or ?-dihydroxy groups and to the use thereof as hydrolysis-stable macromonomers for the dispersion and crosslinking of polymers in which, A is C2-C4-alkylene, m is an integer from 5 to 900, and R is C1-C20-alkyl, C6-C18-aryl or a radical according to formula 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b or 3c which is bonded to the terminal oxygen atom of the alkoxy group (A-O) in formula 1 via the valence denoted by *, and in which A is not exclusively C3- or C4-alkylene.

Abstract: A gasoline additive concentrate composition comprises a solvent, an alkoxylated fatty amine, and a partial ester having at least one free hydroxyl group and formed by reacting at least one fatty carboxylic acid and at least one polyhydric alcohol. A fuel composition comprises gasoline and the gasoline additive concentrate composition. A method of operating a gasoline internal combustion engine comprises fueling the engine with the fuel composition and is effective in reducing fuel consumption.

Abstract: Beta-carotene, chlorophyll and jojoba oil are used together as a fuel additive to enhance combustion characteristics of carbonaceous fuels. Among the observed beneficial characteristics are reductions in the level of common pollutants emitted during combustion. Ethoxylated castor oil is also used in conjunction with the beta-carotene, chlorophyll and jojoba oil to provide enhanced combustion characteristics and reductions in pollutant emissions.

Abstract: Distillate fuel is treated with additives whose structure match the crystal planes of the wax which crystallizes from the fuel to produce crystals below 4000 nanometres in size, suitable additive include novel sulpho-carboxylic materials particularly their esters and amine derivatives such as the amine salts and/or amides of ortho-sulpho benzoic acid.

Abstract: The use of nitroxide compounds alone or in combination with aromatic amines, such as substituted phenylenediamines, or phenolic antioxidants provides an effective way to prevent oxidative degradation and gum formation in gasolines, especially unstable coker and pyrolysis gasolines.

Abstract: The invention provides a stabilized fuel additive composition comprising a major portion of the reaction product of a 4-alkyl-2-morpholinone and an alkylphenoxypolyoxyalkylene amine and a minor portion of a stabilizing agent sufficient to prevent the formation of haze in the additive composition comprising a compound selected from polypropyleneoxide diamines of formula H.sub.2 N(CH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.3 O).sub.n NH.sub.2 where n is a number between about 4 and about 25, and triethylene tetramine. A method of stabilizing a fuel additive composition is also provided.

Abstract: An additive comprising an oil-soluble stable free radical, such as a nitroxide, or a precursor therefor, is used in a fuel oil to reduce, on combustion of the fuel oil, one or more of particulate emissions, hydrocarbon emissions, carbon monoxide emissions, and oxides of nitrogen emissions.

Abstract: An additive for fuel oil comprises a compound comprising (a) an alkyl group having 9 to 37 carbon atoms and containing a branched alkyl having 3 to 18 carbon atoms and (b) an amine group having at least one polyoxyalkylene having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or an amineoxide having at least one polyoxyalkylene having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. This additive is effective for cleaning the injection nozzle of coking.

Abstract: Process for the prevention of reduction of deposits in carburetors, injection devices or similar devices of engines, which are operated with alcohol fuels comprising 99.9 to 75 Vol.-% methanol, ethanol or a mixture thereof and at least one corrosion inhibitor characterized in that one or several polyol ethers are added to the alcohol fuels in a quantity of 15 ppm up to 1 weight-%, whereby the polyol ether(s) has (have) the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is H, linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkenyl, polyunsaturated C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 - alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 - cycloalkyl, mono- or bicyclo-C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 -aryl, unsubstituted or substituted, R.sub.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, R.sub.2 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, and R.sub.3 is OR.sub.5, SR.sub.5, N(R.sub.5).sub.2, wherein R.sub.5 is H, linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl, mono- and bicyclo-C.sub.6 -C.sub.