Abstract: An energy-saving fluorescent lamp with two or more integrated-shaping discharge tubes, automatically formed by a one-shot modelin to a U-tube with a desired curvature. Each of discharge tubes are disposed upon a conveyer for being shipped into a heater and is treated in portions of the discharge tube by one or more said wide flame nozzles of preset temperatures for a preset duration simultaneously into a U-tube with a pair of leg tubes for fitting into a pair of integrated-shaping dies when said mechanic arm opens up said pair of dies for molding into a U-tube with a preset curvature radius.

Abstract: Fluorescent lamp (1) comprising a glass discharge vessel (2) in which a gas is present, which discharge vessel (2) is on two sides provided with a tubular end portion (3) having a longitudinal axis, which end portion (3) includes a glass stem (5), wherein an exhaust tube (6) extends axially outwardly from said stem (5) for supplying and/or discharging gases during the production of the lamp (1), wherein an electrode (8) extends axially inwardly through the stem (5) for generating and maintaining a discharge in the discharge vessel (2), said electrode (8) comprises two pole wires (9) held in position by the stem (5) and connected to plug pins (11) of an end cap (13) fixed to said end portion (3), characterized in that said end cap (13) is at least substantially made of a shrink material.

Abstract: A diffuser is formed on an inner surface of a globe included in a compact self-ballasted fluorescent lamp, and a diffuse transmittance of the diffuser ? is set at 95%. When designing dimensions of the compact self-ballasted fluorescent lamp, at the same time, a ratio Dg/Pg is set at 0.8 or greater. Here, Pg is a helical pitch of an arc tube having a helical configuration, and Dg is a half of a difference between a helix diameter of the arc tube and a maximum outside diameter of the globe.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp post-production heating structure allows for even dispersion of mercury and other lamp compounds throughout the entire length of assembled fluorescent lamps by allowing uniform and thorough heating of each lamp's sealed chamber containing these materials to a temperature high enough to vaporize the mercury therein.

Abstract: A durable illuminant with simple structure and stable discharge characteristics is provided. Discharge electrodes fixed to respective sealing spacers are inserted into a housing from both ends, the housing constructed from a cylindrical glass material with equal inner radii at both open ends. A discharge chamber is filled with a discharge gas and the sealing spacers are fused and fixed to the housing at this condition.

Abstract: A discharge lamp manufacturing method that provides control of the introduction of a predetermined amount of halogen, unaccompanied by carbon or hydrogen, into a discharge vessel of the lamp so that a discharge lamp having an adequate operating pressure and that can maintain enhanced lighting conditions over a long period can be achieved. In particular, a halogen-introduction carrier is used in the manufacture of the discharge lamp for introducing a predetermined amount of metal halide. The discharge lamp manufacturing method includes a device for introducing halogen into the discharge vessel and includes heating a halogen-introduction carrier composed of a porous body containing metal halides.

Abstract: A mercury-containing material, a method for producing the same and a fluorescent lamp using the same that can enclose a minimal amount of mercury in a glass bulb precisely, prevent flaws in a fluorescent coating while suppressing a noise during a lamp transportation, and prevent deterioration in appearance are provided. A surface of liquid mercury is coated with a continuous film made of metal oxide or metal complex oxide by dipping the mercury in a metal alkoxide solution and then heating the mercury on which the metal alkoxide solution adheres. Accordingly, the minimal amount of the mercury can be enclosed in the fluorescent lamp precisely, thus achieving friendliness to the environment. It also is possible to prevent flaws in the fluorescent coating while suppressing a noise during the lamp transportation and further to prevent deterioration in appearance.

Abstract: A ceramic arc tube for a metal halide discharge lamp is soaked in a dopant solution. The dopant solution includes a salt of a UV-absorbing additive, such as europium, cerium, or titanium. The salt is converted to the oxide form of the UV-absorbing additive during sintering of the arc tube. Lamps fabricated using the doped arc tubes filter UV from light emitted from the discharge without appreciably absorbing light in the visible range. The UV retained in the lamp causes the lamp to run at a hotter temperature, improving light output.

Abstract: An electric arc discharge lamp includes an elongated hollow tubular transparent envelope having a pair of opposite ends, a pair of electrode mounts respectively disposed in the ends of the tubular envelope, and a dosing capsule defining a hermetically sealed annular cavity containing a predetermined quantity of a dosing liquid therein. The dosing capsule has an inner edge defining an opening through the capsule for receiving a portion of one the electrode mounts therethrough such that the capsule is supported by the one electrode mount with the sealed annular cavity substantially surrounding the one electrode mount. The electrode mount includes a glass stem having inner and outer axially-displaced opposite ends, a pair of lead-in conductors extending through the glass stem and from the opposite ends of the glass stem, and an electrode supported between a pair of inner ends of the lead-in conductors adjacent to and spaced from the inner end of the glass stem.

Abstract: A method for removing contaminants from an arc tube includes introducing an inert gas into the arc tube through a conduit extending through the lamp tubulation and exhausting the gas through the space between the conduit and the wall of the lamp tubulation. Contaminated gas thereby always flows away from the arc tube. The arc tube can be heated during the gas flushing process to release adsorbed water and vaporize volatile oxides. Gas is preferably flushed through the lamps tubulation during and after press sealing of electrodes into the arc tube to remove contaminants introduced during press sealing.

Abstract: A method of high voltage treatment for a cathode ray tube having a neck including one end closed with a stem and housing an electron gun and stem pins for a focus electrode, and other electrodes of the electron gun, establishes a high pressure gas atmosphere around the neck, and establishes a voltage which is sufficiently higher than the operating voltage of the cathode ray tube between the stem pins when the high pressure gas atmosphere. In order to prevent a creeping discharge due to the voltage applied to the stem pins, the temperature of the neck is maintained above the temperature of said high pressure gas atmosphere during the voltage application. In an alternative method, the dew point of the high pressure gas atmosphere is set at, at most, 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an incandescent lamp and a lamp produced by such method are disclosed. An inert gas is injected to the interior of the lamp through an injection tube to displace substantially all of another gas and to remove the said another gas from the interior of the lamp. The lamp is sealed by press sealing the base of the lamp to trap the inert gas in the interior of the lamp.

Abstract: A method for optimizing the photo-response of a photocathode having a gallium-arsenide layer and a cesium-oxide surface coating includes the steps of overcesiating the photocathode, sealing it in a vacuum tube and baking the assembly in an oven. The photo-response of the photocathode is measured while it is baked, such measurements comprising an input to a microprocessor which controls the baking process by varying the temperature and/or time of baking. The rate of increase of photo-response due to heating and optimizing the photo-response attributable to the cesium-oxide coating is determined by utilizing a formula which relates temperature and photo-response and permits room temperature photo-response to be projected from a measurement taken during the baking process. When the rate of increase shows a characteristic diminishing pattern, the photo-response has been maximized and the baking is terminated.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrode (40) for a spark plug. A cylindrical length (10) of inconel wire has a first end (12) with a flat surface thereon. The inconel wire (10) is placed in a die and partially extruded to create a cylindrical bore (16) that extends from a second end (14) toward the first end (12). A strip of platinum (18) is welded to the flat surface (12) after which a chamfering (22) operation removes any excess platinum and weld flash to produce a cylindrical tip (18) on said first end. The inconel wire (10) with its platinum tip (18) is placed in a die and struck with a force causing the cylindrical bore (16) to be extended while the platinum flows (24) along the chamfer (22) to completely cover the weld (20). A copper core (26) is inserted in said cylindrical bore (16) and then further struck to extrude the resulting electrode (36) to a desired length.

Abstract: A method of processing a bialkali-antimonide photoemissive cathode to remove trace quantities of alkali metal impurities is disclosed. The cathode is formed by heating alkali vapor sources comprising the chromates of two alkali materials which include trace impurities of two other alkali materials of higher vapor pressures than the aforementioned two alkali materials to sufficiently high temperatures to produce alkali vapors. The temperature of the substrate onto which the various alkali vapors condense is maintained at a sufficiently high temperature for a sufficiently long period of time to drive off the trace quantities of the higher vapor pressure other alkali materials from the substrate. Additionally, after the alkali vapor sources are heated to temperatures sufficient to vaporize the alkali chromates therein, the temperatures of the sources are lower and maintained at sufficient levels to accelerate the removal of reduced alkali vapors from the sources and from the photomultiplier tube.

Abstract: Liquid crystals are induced to assume substantially perpendicular alignment on the surfaces of substrates used to fabricate electro-optical device by causing long chain alcohols to react in the vapor phases with surface OH.sup.- inherently found on oxide coatings provided on the substrates. The process facilitates liquid crystal alignment in prefabricated electro-optical cells.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a picture display tube a gettering device is used which includes a first metal holder (1, 20) and a second metal holder (3, 28). A source (2, 21) of evaporable gettering metal is accommodated in the first metal holder (1, 20) from which the gettering metal can be released by inductive heating. A gas source (6) including a material having a comparatively high decomposition temperature, which releases gas upon heating, is accommodated in the second metal holder. The second metal holder is connected to an outer surface (7, 30) of the first metal holder in such manner that the second metal holder forms an electric shunt for part of the induction current generated in the first metal holder by the inductive heating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a color television display tube having an envelope including a conical portion (11) and a window portion (12) which are sealed together in a vacuum-tight manner by means of a sealing glass (18). Before these portions are sealed together, a gettering device (21) is assembled in a place inside the envelope of the tube, for example to the internal magnetic screening cap (17) or the high-voltage contact (26). The gettering device (21) comprises a source of evaporable gettering metal and at least one gas source formed from a material which releases gas upon heating. The gas-releasing material includes a nitrided pulverulent ternary alloy of iron, germanium and at least one of the metals chromium and manganese. Such a gas-releasing material can be exposed to moist air of 450.degree. C. for at least one hour without any deterioration, which conditions occur when the window portion (12) and the conical portion (11) are sealed together.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a lithium-sodium-antimony photocathode including the step of forming a base layer including antimony on a substrate. Sodium is then deposited onto the base layer at an elevated temperature to a first peak value of responsivity, thereby forming a sodium-antimony surface. Next, at room temperature, lithium is deposited onto the substrate containing the sodium-antimony surface until the lithium-sodium-antimony photocathode develops a hazy brown color. The photocathode is sensitized by heating the substrate to an elevated temperature until a second peak value of responsivity, greater than the first peak value, is obtained. Antimony, sodium and lithium are then alternately deposited on the photocathode in order to stabilize the second responsivity peak.

Abstract: In a method of fabricating a cathode-ray tube, an evacuated and sealed bulb provided with a phosphor screen and an electron gun including a cathode is subjected to a process of flashing a getter attached to the inner wall of the bulb. Thereafter, the bulb is subjected to a scanning process of causing the electron gun to emit an electron beam therefrom while deflecting the electron beam. The scanning process is followed by an aging process for the cathode of the electron gun.