Abstract: A lightweight cathode ray tube is formed by reducing a cross-sectional area on the apeture grill tapes in the aperture grill. One exemplary embodiment of the reduced cross-sectional area aperture grill tape includes a central longitudinal channel in a side of the aperture grill tape that faces away from the screen. The reduction in cross-sectional area reduces a linear density of the tape thereby decreasing the tension required by the frame. As each of the aperture grill tapes includes this central longitudinal channel, the weight of the overall aperture grill is significantly reduced and the aperture grill frame weight is reduced due to the lower aperture grill tension. A method for producing the reduced cross-sectional area aperture grill tape is possible without significantly increasing the cost of manufacturing the aperture grill tape.

Abstract: To provide a method for manufacturing a color selection electrode structure easily capable of measuring a tension amount of the color selection electrode in the process for manufacturing the color selection electrode structure and a color cathode ray tube using the color selection electrode structure. The color selection electrode is stretched with tension applied in the direction of the shorter axis thereof, and welded and fixed onto the top face that is curved inwardly in the direction of the longer axis of the longer side members. Thereafter, the weight is placed on the color selection electrode so as to allow the color selection electrode to deflect by the load due to the mass of the weight. The deflection amount of the color selection electrode may be measured by using a laser displacement meter and the measured deflection amount of the measured color selection electrode is converted into the tension amount by the correlation graph.

Abstract: A carrier substrate for carrying objects subjected to elevated temperatures comprises at least a grid part and a border part. The grid part includes grid elements having end portions provided with holes. The end portions partly extend outside the border part via sleeves in the border part. The grid elements and the border part are interconnected solely by interengaging connection portions comprising the first end portions and metal wires extending through the holes.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a single sideband mixer includes first and second all-pass 90° phase shifters. Each phase shifter produces two outputs of substantially equal amplitude but subject to a phase angle error (&thgr;) indicative of a deviation from quadrature of the two outputs. The phase angle errors of the first and second phase shifters are designed to be equal and to track each other over different ambient and operating voltage conditions. In one embodiment, the outputs of the first phase shifter are coupled via a cross switch to the inputs of two mixers and the outputs of the second phase shifter are fixedly connected to the inputs of the two mixers. The outputs of the two mixers are combined to produce an output whose frequency is a function of either the sum or the difference of first and second input frequency signals respectively applied to the first and second phase shifters.

Abstract: One of the process steps in the manufacturing process of shadow masks (13) for color display tubes (1) is blackening. In this process step, the shadow mask (13) is heated for example to a temperature of at least 600° C. in a furnace in a gentle oxidative atmosphere of a mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Under these conditions the shadow mask (13) is covered with a layer of Fe3O4, also referred to as ‘black rust’. After this the shadow mask (13) is cooled down. The invention describes a new blackening process which has a much higher cooling rate than usual. In the present-day process, a cooling rate of 50° C./min (21) is used; this invention discloses a cooling rate of at least 500° C./min (22) or even more. This results in an improvement by at least 20% of the thermal expansion coefficient, leading to a color display tube (1) with a shadow mask (13) having a higher mechanical stability and hence to an increased picture performance.

Abstract: A method for fabricating row lines over a field emission array employs only two mask steps to define row lines and pixel openings. A layer of conductive material is disposed over a substantially planarized surface of a grid of semiconductive material and a layer of passivation material is disposed over the layer of conductive material. Row lines and pixel openings may be formed through the passivation and conductive layers by use of a first mask. The row lines may be further defined by using a second mask to remove semiconductive material of the grid. Alternatively, a first mask may be used to fully define row lines from the layers of passivation, conductive, and semiconductive material, while a second mask may be used to define pixel openings through the layers of passivation and conductive material. Field emission arrays fabricated by such methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for fabricating field emission arrays employs a single mask to define emitter tips, their corresponding resistors, and, optionally, conductive lines. One or more material layers from which the emitter tips and resistors will be defined are formed over and laterally adjacent substantially parallel conductive lines. The exposed surface of the layer or layers of emitter tip and resistor material or materials may be planarized. The emitter tips and underlying resistors are then defined. Substantially longitudinal center portions of the conductive lines may be exposed between adjacent lines of emitter tips, with at least a lateral edge portion of each conductive line being shielded by material that remains following the formation of the emitter tips and resistors. The exposed portions of the conductive lines may be removed in order to define conductive traces. Field emission arrays and display devices fabricated by such methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a method of manufacturing an electronic tube capable of eliminating deterioration of image quality due to an excessively high electron reflection effect of a material comprising a metal element with an atomic number not lower than 70 and painted on a shadow mask and deterioration of image quality due to spontaneous peeling of a coat on the surface of the shadow mask. A paint mainly comprising a solated metal oxide or a metal alkoxide of an element with an atomic number not lower than 40 is painted to form an electron reflection coat with an amount of coating of less than 2 mg/cm2 so as to achieve coating on an electron gun side surface of a shadow mask. With this method, an electronic tube with good image quality can be manufactured.

Abstract: A shadow mask for a cathode ray tube includes a surface hardening layer and a solid-solution and precipitation hardening layer formed under the surface hardening layer.

Abstract: A field emission display having a plurality of cathodes; a cathodoluminescent anode; a plurality of control electrodes for controlling the flow of electrons between the cathodes and the anode; a focus grid comprising an apertured, conductive sheet; and a dielectric material is disposed on the focus grid between the conductive sheet and the control electrodes. With such an arrangement, the dielectric material prevents the focus grid from electrically contacting the control electrodes. Further, it has been discovered that high angle electrons emitted by each pixel are inhibited from passing through the focus grid associated with an adjacent pixel to reduce cross-talk. It is believed that surface charge forms on the dielectric material and acts as an additional focusing structure that reduces the number of high angle electrons emitted from one pixel from passing through an adjacent focus grid aperture resulting in a “cross-talk” image on the cathode.

Abstract: A color selection electrode and a method of producing the same, for a high definition cathode ray tube with a finer pitch of mask apertures free from limitations due to the thickness of the iron-alloy plate of the mask.

Abstract: An anti-doming composition including a mixture of electron reflecting material such as bismuth oxide, and a zeolite, and a shadow-mask coated with the composition restrict temperature increase by preventing heat transfer, an anti-doming composition including lead and a ZnO, B2O3, Bi2O3 or a mixture thereof, and a shadow-mask coated with the composition protect mechanical expansion of a shadow-mask, and an anti-doming composition including ferroelectrics such as PZT, PT, PZ or PLZT, and a shadow-mask coated with the composition restrict temperature increase by changing the energy of electron beams into non-thermal energy. The shadow-mask of the present invention reduces about 30 to 50% of the anti-doming ratio and has a low production cost and easiness during processes.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to present a method for producing an electron tube capable of preventing agglomeration of particles contained in coating material to be coated on an shadow mask to form an electron beam reflecting film, that causes settling of the particles on a shadow mask or clogging of the coating system, and fluctuations of pressure for supplying the coating material to a spray nozzle, that cause unstable quantity by weight of the coating material discharged from the nozzle and excessive coating, thereby preventing deterioration of the quality of images. An electron beam reflecting film of high surface coverage can be formed for the electron tube with a small quantity by weight of the coating material containing bismuth oxide particles which have an average particle diameter D50 of 0.6 &mgr;m or less and a particle size distribution with the particles having a diameter between D40 and D60 accounting for at least 20% by volume of the total particles.

Abstract: A shadow mask for color picture tubes has a cathode-side surface covered with a heat-insulating layer, an electron reflecting and absorbing layer, and a heat-emitting cover layer. Some of the electrons are reflected while others are absorbed in the cover layer and transformed to heat, but the heat does not act directly on the mask and is emitted into the interior of the tube. Local temperature differences which particularly occur with high contrast pictures and cause partial doming of the perforated mask are reduced.

Abstract: A shadow mask in a color cathode ray tube, is disclosed, formed with invar alloy thin plate with a texture which allows formation of uniform sized electron beam pass-through holes, with excellent roundness and a small etching deviation in etching, including a ratio aR of a diffraction intensity R{100} of {100} crystal planes to a diffraction intensity R{110} of {110} crystal planes being greater than unity, and a ratio gR of a sum of a diffraction intensity R{100} of {100} crystal planes and a diffraction intensity R{111} of {111} crystal planes to a diffraction intensity R{110} of {110} crystal planes being in a range 2˜20, obtained from the diffraction intensity R{111} of {111} crystal planes, the diffraction intensity R{200} of {200} crystal planes, the diffraction intensity R{220} of {220} crystal planes, and the diffraction intensity R{

Abstract: A shadow mask includes an aperture portion having a plurality of apertures formed therein, the aperture portion being formed over a predetermined area in a center of the shadow mask; and a non-aperture portion defining a periphery of the shadow mask and formed adjacent to the aperture portion. Only the aperture portion is selectively heat-treated to result in a tensile strength of the aperture portion being 1.2 to 3 times greater than that of the non-aperture portion, and the modulus of elasticity of the aperture portion being 1.5 to 3 times greater than that of the non-aperture portion. The method includes the steps of selectively performing a heat-treating process on only the aperture portion of the shadow mask by mounting a separating cover on the non-aperture portion, the separating cover preventing contact of the non-aperture portion with the gaseous atmosphere present during the heat treating process. The shadow mask is then press-formed.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube comprises (i) a glass bulb comprising a substantially rectangular panel, on which phosphors of a plurality of colors are arranged, a funnel that is connected to a rear side of the panel, and a neck portion formed at a rear side of the funnel, in which an in-line electron gun for emitting an electron beam is arranged; (ii) a substantially rectangular shadow mask having a plurality of apertures that are arranged in correspondence with the phosphors on the panel; and (iii) a substantially rectangular mask frame having a wall portion that supports opposing skirt portions of the shadow mask. The surface of the shadow mask with the apertures is convex towards the panel. A central portion of the opposing skirt portion is convex in a direction of the tube axis on the side of the electron gun. Processing warps such as wrinkles in the skirt portions of the shadow mask are avoided, and a color cathode ray tube with good color rendition is obtained.

Abstract: A stretched mask having a high tensile strength and favorable high-temperature creep properties and free from tape twist, and a material for the stretched mask. A low-carbon steel sheet containing 70 ppm to 170 ppm of nitrogen on a weight basis is heat-treated at a temperature at which recrystallization does not take place. The heat-treated material is provided with a resist pattern for forming apertures and subjected to etching to form apertures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a shadow mask for a cathode ray tube (CRT) and a method of manufacturing the same. The shadow mask includes a nitrogen compound. The method includes the steps of heat-treating a metallic plate having a plurality of apertures formed therein in the presence of a nitriding gas, and press-forming the metallic plate into a shadow mask shape.

Abstract: A shadow mask is arranged to face an inner surface of a substantially rectangular face panel. The shadow mask has a substantially rectangular mask body which has a number of apertures for passing an electron beam, and a rectangular mask frame which supports a peripheral edge portion of the mask body. The mask body is curved in a short axis direction, and is fixed to the mask frame in a state that an internal stress of a direction making small a radius of curvature of the short axis direction is applied.

Abstract: A conductive focus waffle structure for focusing electrons emitted from a cathode portion of a flat panel display device, and a method for forming the conductive focus waffle structure. In one embodiment, the present invention applies a first layer of photo-imagable material above a cathode portion of a flat panel display device. This embodiment then removes portions of the layer of photo-imagable material such that openings are formed therein. A layer of conductive material is then applied over the cathode such that conductive material is disposed within the openings in the layer of photo-imagable material. A dielectric layer of material is also disposed between the cathode and the bottom surface of the conductive material. This embodiment of the present invention then removes the layer of photo-imagable material such that at least a portion of the conductive focus waffle structure is formed disposed above the cathode.

Abstract: A shadow mask for a color picture tube a thermal includes insulating layer preventing heat transfer to an apertured shadow mask. The side of the mask directed toward the cathode of the color picture tube is coated with a heat-insulating layer including particles having a porous structure. The pores may contain heavy metals or heavy metal compounds so that electron reflection and absorption occurs directly within the layer. The resulting heat is transferred to the interior of the picture tube instead of to the mask.

Abstract: Provided with a shadow mask which is designed to suppress the doming effect by providing a shadow mask plate material for a color CRT having an ideal texture suitable for an etching to form the uniform profile of holes for the electron beams to pass through and thereby to prevent the etching deviation, the shadow mask plate material consisting of as main component Fe--Ni alloy, thus the shadow mask being characterized by the volume ratio of crystals with CUBE orientation being 2 to 20 times as high as that of crystals with (.beta.)-Fiber in the shadow mask plate material for the enhancement of etching property; and the method of manufacturing the shadow mask including the steps of hot-rolling and cold-rolling, thermal-refining and heat-treating the shadow mask raw material to obtain a shadow mask thin plate having the volume ratio of crystals with CUBE orientation being 2 to 20 times as high as that of crystals with (.beta.)-Fiber; and etching, forming and blackening the resulting shadow mask thin plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a quadrupole electrode arrangement comprising two shaped parts (10, 11). Each shaped part (10, 11) is produced from an insulating plate-shaped carrier (2) and a metal blank (1) fastened thereto. Each two of the four opposing electrode surfaces (4.1-4.4) are, for example, milled, turned and ground from the metal blank. Each shaped part (10, 11) also has a ground connection surface (6.1, 6.2) which defines the distance of the quadrupole electrode pairs precisely when the two structural parts are joined.

Abstract: An anti-doming composition including a mixture of electron reflecting material such as bismuth oxide, and a zeolite, and a shadow-mask coated with the composition restrict temperature increase by preventing heat transfer, an anti-doming composition including lead and a ZnO, B.sub.2 O.sub.3, Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 or a mixture thereof, and a shadow-mask coated with the composition protect mechanical expansion of a shadow-mask, and an anti-doming composition including ferroelectrics such as PZT, PT, PZ or PLZT, and a shadow-mask coated with the composition restrict temperature increase by changing the energy of electron beams into non-thermal energy. The shadow-mask of the present invention reduces about 30 to 50% of the anti-doming ratio and has a low production cost and easiness during processes.

Abstract: A graphite having geometrically shaped holes limited to the top atomic layer such as circles, polygons and combinations thereof, and a method of preparing a graphite having geometrically shaped holes such as circles, polygons and combinations thereof where the geometrically shaped holes are limited to the top atomic layer.

Abstract: Magnetic shield materials used in color picture tubes which have excellent inner magnetic shield characteristics and an excellent handling strength, method for producing the materials and color picture tubes produced by incorporating the materials are provided. The magnetic shield materials produced by subjecting hot rolled low carbon steel strips essentially consisting of equal to or less than 0.006 weight % of C, equal to or less than 0.002 weight % of N, equal to or less than 0.5 weight % of Mn, 0.5-2.5 weight % of Si, Fe as a balance and unavoidable impurities to a cold rolling and subsequently annealing the cold rolled steel strip at a temperature of 500-700.degree. C. and applying a nickel plating thereto after annealing.

Abstract: Field emission devices may include emitter wells formed in a body of dielectric material. A gate conductor may be provided along the upper surface of the dielectric material. A gate hole may be provided in the gate conductor directly above each of the emitter wells. A method for forming the gate holes and emitter wells is disclosed. The method includes the steps of providing a first gate conductor layer on a dielectric layer. A pattern of second gate conductor material may be formed over the first gate conductor layer, said pattern defining gate holes in the second gate conductor material. The gate holes may then be completed and emitter wells formed by etching through the first gate conductor layer and into the dielectric layer using an etch that selectively etches the first gate conductor layer and the dielectric layer, and does not etch substantially the second gate conductor material.

Abstract: A shadow mask, or color selection electrode, in a color cathode ray tube (CRT) is in the form of a thin metal foil and includes a large number of apertures through which electron beams are directed onto the phosphorescent coating on the CRT's display screen for forming a video image. The apertured shadow mask is also used with a light source during CRT manufacture to form a large number of spaced phosphor elements in the phosphorescent coating. Ideally, all of the beam passing apertures and phosphor elements are circular in cross-section, but the shadow mask is stretched and maintained under high tension when mounted in the CRT causing some of the apertures, particularly those adjacent its four corners, to also become stretched and assume an oval shape.

Abstract: Disclosed are Fe-Ni alloys used for electron gun parts and press punched electron guns, typically a electron gun electrode manufactured by press punching, comprising: all by weight, 30 to 55% of Ni; 0.0010 to 0.0200% of S; 0.1 to 0.8% of Mn; no more than 0.3% of Si; no more than 0.05% of Al; no more than 0.005% of O; and the balance of substantially Fe and inevitable impurities; said alloy preferably having a crystal grain size of not less than 7.0 in grain size number based on JIS G 0551. When oxide-type inclusions are included, Mn and S which form MnS combine with the oxide-type inclusions, so that MnS which is effective for improvement of punching properties do not sufficiently precipitate. Therefore, the invention controls contents of elements forming oxides in proper ranges.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an emitter plate 12 for use in a field emission device comprising the steps of providing an insulating substrate 18 and forming a first conductive layer 13 on the insulating substrate 18. This is followed by the steps of forming an insulating layer 20 on the first conductive layer 13 and forming a second conductive layer 22 on the insulating layer 20. Then, a plurality of apertures 34 are formed through the second conductive layer 22 and through the insulating layer 20. A lift-off layer 36 is then formed on the second conductive layer 22. The lift-off layer 36 is formed by a plating process wherein the plating bath has a pH between 2.25 and 4.5, and current densities of 1 to 2O mA/cm.sup.2. The method may further comprise depositing conductive material through the plurality of apertures 34 to form a microtip 14 in each of the plurality of apertures 34. The excess deposited conductive material 14' and the lift-off layer 36 are then removed from the second conductive layer 22.

Abstract: A planar member for a shadow mask is provided, which is hard to generate wrinkles in or break when being pulled at four sides to apply a tension to a beam-selecting area with beam-passing apertures. The planar member comprises the beam-selecting area, a first band frame portion surrounding the beam-selecting area, a second band frame portion disposed around and spaced from the first band frame, a plurality of bridge portions bridging the first and second band frame portions at plural points, and a plurality of outer areas with plural apertures, defined by the first and second band frame portions and two bridge portions. The connecting part of the bridge portion with the second band frame portion is reinforced in such a way that the width of the bridge portion increases gradually to connect with the second band frame portion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing a color filter, which comprises the steps of:providing a glass base equipped with black matrices;etching the glass base using the black matrices as a mask to form pixel holes in the base; and thenapplying inks into the pixel holes to form colored pixels of different colors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making a shadow mask for a color picture tube. First, a flat AK steel plate is pressed to form an AK steel shadow mask. And then, the AK steel shadow mask is surrounded with minute metal particles and is heated in a neutral or reduction heating furnace, thereby forming an alloy layer on a surface of the AK steel shadow mask.

Abstract: A shadow mask for color picture tubes made of AK steel has an Ni layer on its surface so that an Fe-Ni alloy layer is obtained in a hydrogen heating furnace to induce substance diffusion of both the Ni layer and the AK steel shadow mask. A method for making shadow mask for color picture tubes including the steps of making a main flat shadow mask body with AK steel, coating its surface with Ni, forming an Fe-Ni alloy layer on the main flat shadow mask, and pressing the main flat shadow mask body to form a certain shape.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a shadow mask including an electron reflection layer on the surface of the shadow mask on which electrons impact. The electron refection layer is formed by spray coating a composition including an inorganic binder and a bismuth ammonium citrate solution containing 10-50 wt % of bismuth, and heat treating the coated shadow mask. The method is simple in application and greatly reduces hole-blocking and thermal deformation of the shadow mask, improving color purity of a reproduced image and enhancing the quality of the image.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making a shadow mask for a color picture tube, including the steps of: forming a pattern, corresponding to apertures of the shadow mask, on a screen mesh fixed to a frame; applying metal paste on the screen mesh having the pattern; disposing a flat AK steel shadow mask under the screen mesh; printing a metal layer on a face of the flat AK steel shadow mask by squeezing the metal paste on the screen mesh with a constant pressure along a direction; and pressing the flat shadow mask to form a skirt portion and a bead portion of the shadow mask.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a shadow mask of the nickel-iron type, in which an aperture-patterned sheet of a nickel-iron alloy comprising 35-37% by weight of Ni and less than 0.1% by weight of each constituent of the group of Mn, Cr and Si and at most 0.9% by weight of Co is given a thermal treatment for obtaining an ASTM grain number of .gtoreq.7, and the sheet thus obtained is given the desired shape of a shadow mask having a thermal expansion coefficient of .ltoreq.0.9.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C.

Abstract: An aperture grill for a cathode ray tube is formed with parallel slits by etching a cold-rolled low-carbon steel plate from the opposite sides thereof. Before carrying out the etching, the steel plate is subjected to an annealing step whereby the residual stress is reduced to 7.0 Kg/mm.sup.2 or less. The steel plate is also subjected to a tensile force for imparting a tension in the direction of the rolling of a hoop steel from which the steel plate is produced. Furthermore, the steel plate is so oriented that the direction of tapes of the aperture grill to be produced will coincide with the rolling direction. The above process makes it possible to prevent occurrence of "streaks" and improves the quality of images generated on the cathode ray tube.

Abstract: A shadow-mask color cathode ray tube for producing a high-quality image by preventing the slot width or slot length of an electron-beam passing hole from increasing when a shadow mask is press-molded.

Abstract: An aperture grill for a cathode ray tube is formed with parallel slits by etching a cold-rolled low-carbon steel plate from the opposite sides thereof. Before carrying out the etching, the steel plate is subjected to an annealing step whereby the residual stress is reduced to 7.0 Kg/mm.sup.2 or less. The steel plate is also subjected to a tensile force for imparting a tension in the direction of the rolling of a hoop steel from which the steel plate is produced. Furthermore, the steel plate is so oriented that the direction of tapes of the aperture grill to be produced will coincide with the rolling direction. The above process makes it possible to prevent occurrence of "streaks" and improves the quality of images generated on the cathode ray tube.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon grids for ion optics sets are thermomechanically stable under the extreme temperature changes that are experienced in ion thrusters. Screen, accelerator and decelerator grids are thermomechanically stable, lightweight, and resistant to erosion from ion sputtering and have extended lifetimes over conventional molybdenum grids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for pre-stressing the CRT tension mask 24 to induce creep. The method includes the steps of applying a suitable force to the mask material to induce stress therein, heating the mask material to an ultimate temperature, for a sufficient time, while under stress, to induce creep, and cooling the material.

Abstract: A method for producing a shadow mask not susceptible to doming which includes in the preferred embodiment the step of heating boron in a vacuum atmosphere of 5.times.10.sup.-5 Torr at 2500.degree.-2600.degree. C. for 12-20 sec to deposit a boron layer of 1 .mu.m on the surface of a shadow mask and introducing nitrogen gas for 12-20 sec with maintaining the vacuum level of 10.sup.-4 Torr to form a boron nitride layer of 2 .mu.m. Titanium is then deposited in a vacuum atmosphere of 5.times.10.sup.-5 Torr at 2400.degree.-2600.degree. C. for 25-35 sec to form a titanium layer of 1-2 .mu.m on the boron nitride layer. The boron nitride layer having low thermal expansion coefficient prevents deformation by doming and the titanium layer having the good conductivity enables the anode voltage to be applied to the shadow mask.

Abstract: A color selecting structure for a TRINITRON cathode-ray tube, in which color phosphor stripes are provided and a single electron gun emits three beams, capable of minimizing vertical fringes that deteriorate the quality of a picture displayed on the screen and of attenuating the vibration of a FAG (framing aperture grille plate), includes a thin plate having a plurality of tape-shaped grid (2a) elements and apertures (2a), and fine wires (3) extended across the surface of the aperture grille plate so as to apply a pressure in the range of 6.73.times.10.sup.-6 lbf., 2.24.times.10.sup.-5 lbf. to each grid element (2a).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multiplier structure having a very compact shape and which can have the output electrodes of the channels arranged in any random direction. The multiplying structure (94) is a ceramic block obtained by baking a stack of ceramic sheets prepared beforehand with a view to forming cavities includes in the mass. Each cavity (21) is covered by a metal deposit connected to a lateral contact (23) by a conductor (24) printed beforehand on the corresponding sheet. The channels can have special geometries in order to have their output on several different surfaces (41, 46, 47) of the multiplying structure.

Abstract: A process for forming a color selection mask for a CRT, in a press containing a punch and a counter-punch, after a temperature build-up stage in a shaping chamber, through the circulation of pressurized hot gas injected by inlets placed on the walls of the counter-punch, includes the step of distributing the hot gas through a distribution device to uniformly heat the mask's surface.

Abstract: The magnetic performance of a color CRT is optimized by firing ferromagnetic components thereof in an exothermic atmosphere to anneal the components and form a stable black iron oxide layer on a surface thereof. The components are introduced into a furnace having such an atmosphere and the components are heated to a temperature sufficient to initiate pre-oxidation of the surface thereof. The temperature is then increased to optimize the magnetic characteristics of the components and at least partially relieve stress therein. The components are next cooled to a temperature at which the thickness of the stable black oxide layer on the surface of the components is optimized. A CRT is manufactured according to the process described above.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method of forming a shadow mask for a color picture tube from a flat apertured mask. The mask has an central apertured portion, a solid border portion and a skirt portion. The improved method comprises several steps. First, a flat apertured mask is placed beneath an upper punch. Next, the periphery of the mask at the skirt portion is clamped. The punch then is pressed against the mask to contour the mask in its central apertured and solid border portions. Thereafter, the periphery of the mask at the skirt portion is unclamped, and the solid border portion of the mask is pressed between a bead die and the punch to form a peripheral bead in the solid border portion of the mask. Finally, the skirt portion is swept back to substantially parallel a central longitudinal axis of the formed mask, while the border portion is held between the bead die and the punch.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a phosphor screen used in a color CRT takes the steps of multilayering a red phosphor layer, a green phosphor layer, a blue phosphor layer, and a non-luminescent layer being laid between the adjacent color phosphor layer, cutting the multilayered block into filmy pieces toward the thickness, adhering or pressurizing the filmy cut pieces on a glass plate for front panel of the color CRT, and burning the cut pieces. This method makes it possible to efficiently manufacture a high-definition and high-resolution color phosphor screen and form fine RGB stripes. This method, thus, may apply to a small-sized CRT about which the realization of the high-definition and high-resolution color phosphor screen has been difficult.