Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a filament showing improved conversion efficiency with a simple configuration. According to the present invention, surface of a filament material processed into a predetermined shape is processed into a mirror surface by mechanical polishing, and surface roughness (center line average roughness Ra) thereof is thereby made to be 1 ?m or smaller. Reflectance of the filament can be thereby improved, and emissivity of the filament for lights of the infrared wavelength region can be suppressed.

Abstract: A new Rhenium alloy usable for improving the performance of emission filaments used in mass spectrometers or other similar scientific instruments, which is made by adding low level concentrations of Yttrium Oxide to Rhenium of less than 10%. This new alloy has demonstrated superior performance characteristics compared to pure Rhenium for this purpose. Filaments made from the Yttria/Rhenium alloy exhibit the same voltage, current and emission properties as Rhenium but have the added advantage of greatly decreasing warping during use. The Rhenium alloy filaments are usable with various shapes and configurations including straight filaments, multiple coiled filaments and pin shaped filaments. Electron microscopy and microscopy studies verify that the Yttria/Rhenium material of the new alloy has a smaller grain size and increased strength when compared to pure Rhenium, which accounts for the enhanced structural strength.

Abstract: An electrode for a fluorescent lamp includes a filament and an emitter provided on the filament. The emitter includes a mayenite compound.

Abstract: A filament coil for an incandescent lamp assembly is provided. The filament coil includes a helical winding extending generally along a longitudinal axis between a first end and a second end. The filament coil further includes a winding having a first pitch ratio at the first and second ends, and a different, second pitch ratio along an intermediate portion located between the first and second ends.

Abstract: Techniques described herein generally relate to methods of manufacturing devices and devices including a filament having therein or coated with a catalyst and carbon nanotubes. The device may be configured to produce light with a luminary characteristic having a value higher than a value of the luminary characteristic of a device having an uncoated filament at a same operating condition. The luminary characteristic may include one or more of device irradiance or light efficiency. The filament may be a tungsten filament, and the carbon nanotubes may include multiwall carbon nanotubes or single wall carbon nanotubes. The filament may be coated with the carbon nanotubes using one or more deposition techniques including electric arc discharge, laser ablation and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The filament may be coated with the catalyst using a method including one or more of electroless plating, electroplating, dip coating, spin coating, and radio frequency (RF) sputtering.

Abstract: A new Rhenium alloy usable for improving the performance of emission filaments used in mass spectrometers or other similar scientific instruments, which is made by adding low level concentrations of Yttrium Oxide to Rhenium of less than 10%. This new alloy has demonstrated superior performance characteristics compared to pure Rhenium for this purpose. Filaments made from the Yttria/Rhenium alloy exhibit the same voltage, current and emission properties as Rhenium but have the added advantage of greatly decreasing warping during use. The Rhenium alloy filaments are usable with various shapes and configurations including straight filaments, multiple coiled filaments and pin shaped filaments. Electron microscopy and microscopy studies verify that the Yttria/Rhenium material of the new alloy has a smaller grain size and increased strength when compared to pure Rhenium, which accounts for the enhanced structural strength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a filament for an infrared lamp used as a heater and a method of manufacturing the same. The method of fabricating the filament includes cutting a thin graphite plate into a thin graphite plate strip of a predetermined size, integrally adhering two sheets of the thin graphite plate strips using heat, primarily heating and plasticizing the integrally adhered graphite plate strips within an inert gas, coating a silicon-series coating solution on the primarily heated and plasticized graphite plate strips and naturally drying the graphite plate strips, and heating and plasticizing the naturally dried graphite plate strips using an identical process to the primary plasticity process and then naturally cooling the heated and plasticized graphite plate strips.

Abstract: A light emitting device that includes a radiation emitter. The radiation emitter includes an emissive substrate which emits radiation. The device further includes an attenuating layer formed by annealing a layer of a different material with the substrate. An array of light transmission channels which are sized to suppress infrared radiation during operation of the light emitting device, extend into the attenuating layer.

Abstract: It is possible to prolong service life of a discharge lamp of hot-cathode type and to reduce a diameter thereof. A discharge lamp 1 is provided with an electrode 3. The electrode 3 has a heater 4 made up a coil portion 4a, and a first lead wire portion 4b and a second lead wire portion 4c that respectively extend from rear ends of this coil portion 4a and applied by an electron emission material 3a. In the electrode 3, a first lead-in wires 6a is connected to the first lead wire portion 4b and a second lead-in wires 6b is connected to the second lead wire portion 4c, so that the coil portion 4a is arranged vertically along the tube axis of the glass tube 2. The electrode 3 is also provided a sleeve 7 covering surrounding of the coil portion 4a and having openings in the faces respectively opposite to the forward end and rear end of the coil portion 4a. An open end 7a of the sleeve 7 exceeds a forward end of the coil portion 4a, thereby protecting the coil portion 4a.

Abstract: A method of making cathodes includes forming a first intermediate assembly having a current wire in juxtaposition with an outer mandrel wire and a basket wire wound around the first two wires. The first intermediate assembly is wound around a central mandrel to form a second intermediate assembly. Pulses of energy are used to produce an alloy solder joint between the current wire and the basket wire at selected locations. The second intermediate assembly is cut into segments, and the mandrels are removed. This results in a cathode having a coiled current wire and a basket wire wound around the current wire, with the basket wire being bonded to the current wire by the alloy solder joints. The cathode includes a central bore that is substantially free of the alloy solder joint.

Abstract: In a process to make an emitter (10) for light sources, which can be led to incandescence through the passage of electric current, a layer made of anodized porous alumina (1) is used as sacrificial element for the structuring of at least a part of the emitter (10).

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp is produced using tungsten wire that is wound as a double coiled winding around an electrode metal rod, leaving a tip end thereof, and the double coiled winding is machined into a melted tip end by a YAG laser beam, with the remaining double coiled winding used as a coil. The tip end of the metal rod is machined into a nipple on the distal end of the melted tip. The melted tip has a diameter D1 and a length L1, the nipple has a proximal end having a diameter D2 and a length L2, and the coil and the melted tip end (including the nipple) have a volume V1 and the melted tip end (including the nipple) has a volume V2, when the electrode assembly is machined to satisfy at least one of the conditions 0.15?D2/D1?0.3, 0.2?L2/L1?0.4, and 0.2?V2/V1?0.4.

Abstract: A first electrode part in a rod shape is placed on an upper side, and a second electrode part in a rod shape having a higher melting point than that of the first electrode part is placed on a lower side, so that ends of the first and second electrode parts are brought into contact. Contact ends or vicinities thereof are irradiated with a laser beam, so that the electrode parts are welded. Here, a region irradiated with the laser beam is in a long narrow shape having a minor axis directed in a vertical direction and a major axis directed in a horizontal direction. This makes it possible to manufacture an electrode with a consistent high quality with a high yield.

Abstract: A method is described for producing a light source comprising a matrix of micro-filaments able to emit light by incandescence when powered by an electrical current. According to the invention, on the matrix electrical and/or mechanical connections are obtained by means of an agglomeration of carbon nanotubes at least partially ordered with respect to each other. The matrix can be formed extending a single uninterrupted wire, some segments whereof mutually cross.

Abstract: A non-oxidizing electrode arrangement for an excimer lamp that is formed by coating an electrode of the lamp with a layer of protective layer that prevents the electrode from oxidizing. The protective layer is preferably transparent and possesses a low permeability for oxygen (e.g., silicon oxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride). The interior of the excimer lamp is evacuated to a pressure level that is lower than the pressure level surrounding the excimer lamp at any time during the non-oxidizing electrode formation process in order to assist in preventing the excimer lamp from fracturing.

Abstract: The invention provides a nanostructure including an anodized film including nanoholes. The anodized film is formed on a substrate having a surface including at least one material selected from the group consisting of semiconductors, noble metals, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and carbon. The nanoholes are cut completely through the anodized film from the surface of the anodized film to the surface of the substrate. The nanoholes have a first diameter at the surface of the anodized film and a second diameter at the surface of the substrate. The nanoholes are characterized in that either a constriction exists at a location between the surface of the anodized film and the surface of the substrate, or the second diameter is greater than the first diameter.

Abstract: A luminous element (10) for a lamp is double helix-shaped, with two connection parts (18, 20) situated at one end of said double helix. The diameter (D1, D2) of the double helix increases consistently in the direction of the two connection parts (18, 20) of the luminous element (10). The invention also relates to a lamp with a luminous element of this type, to a method for producing a luminous element of this type and to a device for carrying out the production method.

Abstract: A method of establishing coil dimensional stability by thermally stress relieving the tungsten filament prior to mounting in a lamp. The filament is manipulated into the desired position by coiling it first around a primary mandrel, then a retractable secondary mandrel. After the secondary mandrel is removed, the filament is held in place by a pair of electrical contacts. A current is passed through the primary coil, which heats the tungsten and causes it to recrystallize. The recrystallization provides the desired dimensional stability.

Abstract: A tungsten-rhenium filament for an operation temperature between 2900 and 3200° K is disclosed. The filament comprises an aluminum-potassium-silicon (AKS) additive. The filament has a grain microstructure comprising substantially exclusively elongated interlocking grains with a Grain Aspect Ratio (GAR) not less than 12. The rhenium content of the filament is between 0.2-0.4% by weight. A method for manufacturing a rhenium-tungsten filament is also disclosed. The method comprises the following steps. An AKS doped tungsten-rhenium alloy powder is prepared with a rhenium content of 0.2-0.4% by weight. The alloy powder is pressed and presintered, and thereafter sintered with direct current. A rhenium-tungsten filament is formed, which has a metastable crystal structure. The filament is annealed below the recrystallisation temperature, and recrystallised above the crystallization temperature. There is also provided a halogen incandescent lamp with a glass envelope enclosing a tungsten-rhenium filament.

Abstract: A method for fabricating row lines over a field emission array employs only two mask steps to define row lines and pixel openings. A layer of conductive material is disposed over a substantially planarized surface of a grid of semiconductive material and a layer of passivation material is disposed over the layer of conductive material. Row lines and pixel openings may be formed through the passivation and conductive layers by use of a first mask. The row lines may be further defined by using a second mask to remove semiconductive material of the grid. Alternatively, a first mask may be used to fully define row lines from the layers of passivation, conductive, and semiconductive material, while a second mask may be used to define pixel openings through the layers of passivation and conductive material. Field emission arrays fabricated by such methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for fabricating field emission arrays employs a single mask to define emitter tips, their corresponding resistors, and, optionally, conductive lines. One or more material layers from which the emitter tips and resistors will be defined are formed over and laterally adjacent substantially parallel conductive lines. The exposed surface of the layer or layers of emitter tip and resistor material or materials may be planarized. The emitter tips and underlying resistors are then defined. Substantially longitudinal center portions of the conductive lines may be exposed between adjacent lines of emitter tips, with at least a lateral edge portion of each conductive line being shielded by material that remains following the formation of the emitter tips and resistors. The exposed portions of the conductive lines may be removed in order to define conductive traces. Field emission arrays and display devices fabricated by such methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a tubular quartz glass lamp vessel (1) in which a filament (10) having adjoining turns is axially disposed. The filament (10) is kept centered in the lamp vessel (1) by supports (15) which are connected to the filament (10) intermediate its ends (12) and which bear against the lamp vessel (1). The turns (11) of the filament (10) are formed as polygons, and the adjacent angles of adjoining turns are angularly displaced relative to one another about the axis (2) of the lamp vessel (1).

Abstract: Filaments having a thin exterior tungsten phosphide layer for use in incandescent lamps are made by exposing tungsten filaments to vapors of elemental phosphorous at approximately 675.degree. to 725.degree. C. in an evacuated vacuum furnace. The tungsten phosphide layer protects the filaments from oxidation while the lamps are manufactured, and decomposes to tungsten and phosphorous when the lamp is first energized by current. The resulting elemental phosphorous acts as a gettering agent.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp having a filament with an integral support portion between its ends which bears against the lamp envelope for supporting the filament therein is produced. The integral support portion includes a length of electrically conductive support wire enclosed within the filament, the filament being continuously coiled over the entire length of said support wire. Accordingly to a favorable embodiment, the support wire is a retained length of winding mandrel.

Abstract: A method for fabricating incandescent lamp filaments having surface features of submicron-to-micron sized cross sections which increase the radiative efficiency of the filament comprises depositing at least one enveloping mask layer on the filament and cutting a selected pattern into the filament by ablation with a beam of radiated energy. The desired surface features are formed on the filament by a process that includes stenciling through the selected pattern.

Abstract: A method of forming a electromagnetic radiator having cavities of predetermined dimensions involving coating a plurality of wires with an electromagnetic radiator material at predetermined thicknesses, the wires being soluble in a solvent and the radiator material being insoluble in the solvent, forming a bundle of a multiplicity of the coated wires, the coatings on the wires engaging each other, reducing the diameter of the bundle to a smaller predetermined diameter and fusing the coatings together with metallurgical bonds through the reduction thereby uniformly reducing the diameter of each of the coated wires and thicknesses of each of the coatings on the wires in the bundle, slicing partially through the fused bundle at predetermined regular intervals whereby to define the depth of the cavities, chemically removing the wires from inside the coatings whereby to form a foraminous electromagnetic radiator having an array of cavities of predetermined lengths and diameters formed by the drawn coatings.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tungsten-based duplex composite member, e.g., wire or rod, which combines the emissive, nonsag, or other desirable qualities of an inner tungsten-based core material with a different combination of properties, for example, resistance to attack, by the presence of a different tungsten-based material as an outer sheath or shell surrounding the core material.In one embodiment of the present invention, an electrode is formed from a duplex composite member, composed of a thoriated tungsten core (W-ThO.sub.2) and a thin rhenium (Re) shell.Other embodiments of duplex composite members are provided by thoriated tungsten discharge electrodes in which it is desirable to have two different concentrations of thoria (ThO.sub.2) in the element, a first concentration in the core of the duplex composite member and a second concentration in the shell or surface of the member.

Abstract: To permit easy attachment of a coiled filament, and especially a coiled-c or double-twist filament, to the current supply leads within a lamp bulb, in which the current supply leads are made of tungsten, each current supply lead is flattened to form a plate-like flattened surface in the vicinity of the terminal end of the current supply lead. The secondary coiling of a coiled-coil filament--or the single coil of a single-coiled filament--is then slipped over the end portion of the lead-in to extend over and about the flattened portion and with a few turns adjacent the flattened portion and therebeyond on the end portion (15) of the current lead-in, thereby retaining the end portion in position due to the additional width of the flattened portion while providing a reliable electrical contact. The greatest width of the flattened portion is slightly greater than the inner diameter of the secondary coiling of the filament (13), for example about 5% to 20% wider.

Abstract: This invention provides for an improved reflector-type lamp having reduced focus loss and exhibiting an increase in reflector collection efficiency. Stray light from the lamp's light source is reduced and channeled into the central angular region of the reflector where it can be more easily controlled and increase the in candle power of the lamp. A shorter, more compact filament design, wound with larger mandrel ratios, is positioned within the reflector to evenly disperse the light energy throughout the central angular region.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved compact fine wire incandescent lamp filament and method for making such having a primary mandrel ratio in the range of about 1.40 to about 4.00 and a secondary mandrel ratio which is greater than or equal to the primary mandrel ratio. The improved filament design exhibits an increase in compactness and retains or increases structural rigidity while exhibiting minimal sag when the filament is incorporated into an incandescent lamp of the tungsten halogen type variety. The compact coiling method is particularly useful in designing compact filaments for high voltage applications where it is desirable to eliminate the use of rectifying means to lower the effective voltage across the filament.

Abstract: In a brazed joint between a coiled tungsten filament and a molybdenum lead, the lead continues integrally into a braze section which extends longitudinally within the coiled filament. The braze section may be formed by suddenly melting the portion of the lead used in the joint by a pulse discharge in an inert or reducing gas. The liquid molybdenum wets the tungsten and is drawn by capillarity into the turns of the coiling where it is rapidly chilled and solidifies in a time interval too short for appreciable crystal growth and embrittlement to occur in the tungsten.

Abstract: A method for increasing the life and stability of tungsten filaments by burning the filaments in an atmosphere containing WF.sub.6. The procedure effects hot spot repair of the filaments by localized deposition of tungsten thereon.