Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an organic EL element wherein a leak current is reduced, the visual quality is high, and the heat resistance is high. The method for producing an organic EL element formed by holding at least an organic light emitting layer between a pair of electrodes is comprised of an energization treatment process (S3) for energizing the organic EL element while the organic EL element is heated, and a storage treatment process (S4) for storing the organic EL element while the organic EL element is heated. Further, the method for producing an organic EL element is characterized in that the energization treatment process (S3) and the storage treatment process (S4) are performed in an atmosphere having a temperature of 80 DEG C. or more.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fabricating an organic electroluminescent device, are discussed. According to an embodiment, the method includes depositing an organic material on a substrate coupled to a first tray in a first substrate treatment unit using the first tray as a mask, depositing a metal material on the substrate coupled to a second tray in a second substrate treatment unit using the second tray as mask, wherein the deposition of the organic material or the metal material in the first and second substrate treatment units includes primarily moving the first and second trays such that the first and second trays are aligned with the substrate, when each of the first and second trays is coupled to the substrate, and secondarily moving the first and second trays and the substrate such that the substrate and the trays are aligned at predetermined positions.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an organic EL element wherein a leak current is reduced, the visual quality is high, and the heat resistance is high. The method for producing an organic EL element formed by holding at least an organic light emitting layer between a pair of electrodes is comprised of an energization treatment process (S3) for energizing the organic EL element while the organic EL element is heated, and a storage treatment process (S4) for storing the organic EL element while the organic EL element is heated. Further, the method for producing an organic EL element is characterized in that the energization treatment process (S3) and the storage treatment process (S4) are performed in an atmosphere having a temperature of 80 DEG C. or more.

Abstract: A substrate treating apparatus, in which a voltage is applied to between a treatment electrode and a target substrate in such a state that the treatment electrode is opposed to the target substrate to thereby perform substrate treatment for removing undesired substances on the target substrate, has a reference electrode, a transfer unit which transfers at least one of the treatment electrode and the reference electrode to thereby provide the treatment electrode so that the treatment electrode is opposed to the reference electrode, and a check unit for applying a voltage to between the treatment electrode and the reference electrode in such a state that the treatment electrode is opposed to the reference electrode and thereby checking an adhesion level of undesired substances onto the treatment electrode surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrical processing apparatus and method for electrically processing a display panel having an organic light-emitting layer. The method for electrically processing a display panel having an organic light-emitting layer includes dividing a light-emitting region of the display panel into a plurality of regions; and applying a voltage to at least one region of the plurality of regions where an amplitude of the voltage exceeds an amplitude of a driving voltage of the display panel. The electrical processing apparatus includes a display panel comprising an organic light-emitting layer, a light emitting region, and a plurality of regions, the plurality of regions being defined by dividing the light emitting region; a jig for holding the display panel; and a current supplying portion, wherein the current supplying portion supplies a current individually to each of the plurality of regions.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic electroluminescent display device and a method of repairing a defective pixel of an organic electroluminescent display device which can realize the repairing a defective pixel to a light emitting pixel by electrically separating a leak portion which generates a defective pixel. To be more specific, a peeling suppression layer is formed between an anode and an organic light emitting layer formed on a main substrate, and a cavity is formed between the main substrate and the peeling suppression layer due to the evaporation generated by an absorption of laser beams thus electrically separating a defective portion so as to repair a black-dot defective pixel to form a light emitting pixel.

Abstract: A substrate treating apparatus, in which a voltage is applied to between a treatment electrode and a target substrate in such a state that the treatment electrode is opposed to the target substrate to thereby perform substrate treatment for removing undesired substances on the target substrate, has a reference electrode, a transfer unit which transfers at least one of the treatment electrode and the reference electrode to thereby provide the treatment electrode so that the treatment electrode is opposed to the reference electrode, and a check unit for applying a voltage to between the treatment electrode and the reference electrode in such a state that the treatment electrode is opposed to the reference electrode and thereby checking an adhesion level of undesired substances onto the treatment electrode surface.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a high pressure mercury lamp having a high pressure resistance strength includes an electric field application step of applying an electric field to at least a light emitting part while keeping the high pressure mercury lamp at a high temperature. As a result of the electric field application step, impurities such as hydrogen and an alkali metal existing in a discharge space and in glass used for forming the light emitting part (1) and sealing parts (2) can be reduced, with it being possible to suppress blackening and devitrification during lighting.

Abstract: An effective voltage V? effectively applied to a gap 7 during an “activation step” is controlled to a desired value. In the “activation step”, a voltage is repeatedly applied between a first electroconductive film 4a and a second electroconductive film 4b while controlling voltages outputted from a voltage source 51 so that a value ?effect becomes a desired value.

Abstract: In a producing method for an electron beam emitting device, a position of a stray emission source constituting an unnecessary electron emitting part on a cathode substrate is detected, and an energy is locally applied to the detected position thereby eliminating the stray emission source, thereby providing an excellent electron beam apparatus without a deterioration in a constituent member or a trouble by an accidental discharge.

Abstract: Discharge factors existing on a surface of an electrode or an insulator forming an electron gun are removed efficiently and effectively, thus simply and easily enhancing the withstand voltage property of the electron gun. A conditioning processing device of an electron gun is provided with a voltage supply section, a voltage adjusting section for adjusting the output voltage of the voltage supply section, and a current detection section for detecting a leakage current flowing between the electrodes of the electron gun. Further, there are attached a vacuum exhaust section for adjusting the inside of the electron gun in a reduced pressure condition and a pressure detection section.

Abstract: In the aging process performed by applying a voltage having an alternating voltage component between a scan electrode and a sustain electrode, an erase discharge occurs in succession to an aging discharge. According to the aging method, an erase discharge-suppressing voltage is applied to at least any one of the scan electrode, the sustain electrode, and the data electrode. Although the erase discharge repeatedly occurs in the wake of the aging discharge, the erase discharge-suppressing voltage suppresses the ones that occur when the scan electrode has voltage level higher than the sustain electrode.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is provided that includes scan electrodes, sustain electrodes, and address electrodes. A first pulse voltage for the address electrodes or a second pulse voltage for the address electrodes is applied to the address electrodes in an aging step in which aging discharge is performed by alternately applying pulse voltage for the scan electrodes and pulse voltage for the sustain electrodes at least across the scan electrodes and the sustain electrodes. The first pulse voltage has a rising edge timing synchronized with a rising edge timing of the pulse voltage for the scan electrodes and a pulse width smaller than that of the pulse voltage for the scan electrodes. The second pulse voltage has a rising edge timing synchronized with a rising edge timing of the pulse voltage for the sustain electrodes and a pulse width smaller than that of the pulse voltage for the sustain electrodes.

Abstract: When any of pixels is not lit in an organic EL display having an organic EL layer between a first electrode and a second electrode, an organic layer of the pixel is observed. If the organic layer of the pixel contains foreign matter, the second electrode is separated into a region in contact with the foreign matter and a region not in contact with both the contact region and the foreign matter. Thus, not-lit display regions are reduced as less as possible, making it possible to manufacture an organic EL display excellent in display performance.

Abstract: An optical fiber code holding structure, includes: an optical adapter and an optical fiber code holding member. An optical connector of an optical fiber is connected to an optical adapter. The optical connector is attached to an end of an optical fiber code of the optical fiber. The optical fiber code holding member has a light shielding device shielding lights emitted from the optical adapter and a holding device holding the optical fiber code.

Abstract: An image display apparatus is provided, in which the generation of discharge can be suppressed and a preferable display image can be obtained. A method of manufacturing an image display apparatus having an airtight container including a rear plate having a plurality of electron-emitting devices and a face plate which is located opposite to the rear plate and has a phosphor and an electroconductive film, includes the steps of, (A) disposing the rear plate having the plurality of electron-emitting devices and the face plate having the phosphor and the electroconductive film such that the rear plate and the face plate are opposite to each other and arranging a plurality of plate shaped spacers between the rear plate and the face plate to assemble the airtight container, and (B) applying an electric field between the rear plate and the face plate in a state that the airtight container is slanted such that a longitudinal direction of the plate-shaped spacers is not perpendicular to a gravitational direction.

Abstract: In a method for removing impurities of a plasma display panel capable of shortening panel aging time by removing impurities of an upper and a lower substrates under vacuum gas circumstances, the method includes fabricating an upper substrate and a lower substrate; removing impurities of the upper and lower substrates by using at least one of a plasma-cleaning process in which a discharge is performed under vacuum gas circumstances and a heating process in which heating is performed; assembling the impurities removed upper and lower substrates; exhausting gas inside the assembled upper and lower substrates and injecting a discharge gas; and aging the discharge gas injected-plasma display panel.

Abstract: Disclosed are an aging apparatus of a field emission device and a method thereof. The apparatus comprises an aging operation controlling unit for converting a direct current high voltage applied to an anode electrode into a high voltage of a pulse form, gradually increasing the converted high voltage of a pulse form with a certain interval and thus applying to the anode electrode, and performing an aging operation by controlling a voltage applied to a scan driving unit. According to this, arc is prevented, an entire panel aging time is reduced, and energy consumption is reduced.

Abstract: A knocking treatment method in a flat-type display device in which a first substrate provided with a first electrode and a second substrate provided with a second electrode are disposed with a vacuum space interposed between the first and second substrates and the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded to each other in their circumferential portions, the method comprising applying to the first electrode a pulse voltage V1 higher than a voltage to be applied to the second electrode to remove a projection present in the first electrode by field evaporation.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a field emission device, the method including operating the field emission device in a pressure of at most about 10?8 Torr for a selected period of time to evacuate outgassed materials and sealing the field emission device.

Abstract: In manufacturing surface conduction electron-emitting devices, a polymer thin film is arranged to connect a pair of electrodes and then transformed into a low resistivity film (carbon film) by irradiating the polymer film with an energy beam. The energy beam irradiation is scanned over the polymer films plural times so that heat due to the energy beam irradiation does not affect other members which constitute the device and also the processing time for carbonization of polymer film is reduced.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electron source, comprising the steps of (A) providing a substrate on which are disposed a plurality of units, each unit including a pair of electrodes and a polymer film connecting the pair of electrodes, and (B) selecting one or more units from the plurality of units. The method also comprises (C) applying a potential difference across the pair of electrodes that is included in each of the selected one or more units, and (D) irradiating light or a particle beam to the polymer film included in each of the selected one or more units in a state of being applied with the potential difference. Step (D) preferably is started after step (C) is started.

Abstract: In a process of reducing a resistivity of a polymer film for carbonization in a surface conduction electron-emitting device, by irradiating an energy beam onto the polymer film, when an energy intensity of the beam given in a unit area in a unit time is assumed to be W W/m2, W satisfies a formula W?2×T×(?sub·Csub·?sub/?)1/2, where T is defined as a temperature ° C. at which the polymer film is heated for one hour in a vacuum degree of 1×10?4 Pa to reduce a resistivity of the polymer film to 0.1 ?·cm, Csub is a specific heat J/kg·K of the substrate, ?sub is a specific gravity kg/m3 of the substrate, ?sub is a heat conductivity W/m·K of the substrate, and ? is an irradiation time in the range of 10?9 sec to 10 sec.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for forming a telescoped multiwall nanotube. Such a telescoped multiwall nanotube may find use as a linear or rotational bearing in microelectromechanical systems or may find use as a constant force nanospring. In the method of the invention, a multiwall nanotube is affixed to a solid, conducting substrate at one end. The tip of the free end of the multiwall nanotube is then removed, revealing the intact end of the inner wall. A nanomanipulator is then attached to the intact end, and the intact, core segments of the multiwall nanotube are partially extracted, thereby telescoping out a segment of nanotube.

Abstract: It relates to a method of manufacturing an electron source. In an activation process, a set value of an activation gas partial pressure is switched at multi-stages and an application of a compensation voltage is not conducted for a predetermined period after switching of the set value. Alternatively, the activation is repeated plural times while a row wiring or a column wiring is switched, and the application of the compensation voltage is not conducted for the predetermined period after switching of the row wiring or the column wiring. Thus, activation processing can be uniformly performed for all electron emitting devices.

Abstract: An image display apparatus is provided, in which the generation of discharge can be suppressed and a preferable display image can be obtained. A method of manufacturing an image display apparatus having an airtight container including a rear plate having a plurality of electron-emitting devices and a face plate which is located opposite to the rear plate and has a phosphor and an electroconductive film, includes the steps of, (A) disposing the rear plate having the plurality of electron-emitting devices and the face plate having the phosphor and the electroconductive film such that the rear plate and the face plate are opposite to each other and arranging a plurality of plate shaped spacers between the rear plate and the face plate to assemble the airtight container, and (B) applying an electric field between the rear plate and the face plate in a state that the airtight container is slanted such that a longitudinal direction of the plate-shaped spacers is not perpendicular to a gravitational direction.

Abstract: This invention provides an electron source manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method which facilitate downsizing and operation and are suitable for mass production. The electron source manufacturing apparatus includes a support which supports a substrate having conductors formed on it and has a means for adjusting the temperature of the substrate, a vessel which has a gas inlet port and gas exhaust port and covers a partial region on the surface of the substrate, an unit for introducing and exhausting gas into and from the vessel, and an unit for applying a voltage to the conductors. The support has a groove.

Abstract: Heating or maintaining the temperature of a cathode ray tube that is waiting to undergo frit knocking has been discovered to substantially reduce the dangerous and harmful tendency of electrical arcing between the high-voltage probe and grounded band used in the frit knocking process. Any means or method of heating such a cathode ray tube including, but not limited to, placing the cathode ray tube in an oven or heating unit, or in a heated room or chamber produces beneficial results. Placing the cathode ray tube in an insulated envelope or blanket can also help. In particular, one or more heat packs that are heated in an oven and then brought into thermal contact with the cathode ray tube can be used to heat or maintain the temperature of the cathode ray tube.

Abstract: A method of removing contaminant particles from faceplates in newly fabricated field emission displays so that a uniform distribution of contaminants is achieved at the emitter sites of the display. During the initial operation of a field emission dislay device contaminants are removed from the display faceplate by electron induced desorption. The emission current profile at the emitter sites is selected so that the distribution of readsorbed contaminants is equalized. The variations in current emission compensate for shadowing effects due to spacer walls to produce a uniform readsorption distribution. The emitter sites may driven using an animated contrast image at a constant current for the display.

Abstract: Heating or maintaining the temperature of a cathode ray tube that is waiting to undergo frit knocking has been discovered to substantially reduce the dangerous and harmful tendency of electrical arcing between the high-voltage probe and grounded band used in the frit knocking process. Any means or method of heating such a cathode ray tube including, but not limited to, placing the cathode ray tube in an oven or heating unit, or in a heated room or chamber produces beneficial results. Placing the cathode ray tube in an insulated envelope or blanket can also help. In particular, one or more heat packs that are heated in an oven and then brought into thermal contact with the cathode ray tube can be used to heat or maintain the temperature of the cathode ray tube.

Abstract: The present invention includes a low voltage, high current density, large area cathode for scrubbing of cathodoluminescent layers. The cathodoluminescent layers are formed on a transparent conductive layer formed on a transparent insulating viewing screen to provide a faceplate. An electrical coupling is formed to the transparent conductive layer to provide a return path for electrons. The faceplate and the cathodoluminescent layers are placed on a conveyer in a vacuum. The cathodoluminescent layers are irradiated with an electron beam having a density of greater than one hundred microamperes/cm2. The electron beam may be provided by a cathode including an insulating base, a first post secured to the insulating base near a first edge of the insulating base and a second post including a spring-loaded tip secured to the insulating base near a second edge of the insulating base.

Abstract: The present invention includes a low voltage, high current density, large area cathode for scrubbing of cathodoluminescent layers. The cathodoluminescent layers are formed on a transparent conductive layer formed on a transparent insulating viewing screen to provide a faceplate. An electrical coupling is formed to the transparent conductive layer to provide a return path for electrons. The faceplate and the cathodoluminescent layers are placed on a conveyer in a vacuum. The cathodoluminescent layers are irradiated with an electron beam having a density of greater than one hundred microamperes/cm2. The electron beam may be provided by a cathode including an insulating base, a first post secured to the insulating base near a first edge of the insulating base and a second post including a spring-loaded tip secured to the insulating base near a second edge of the insulating base.

Abstract: The present invention includes a low voltage, high current density, large area cathode for scrubbing of cathodoluminescent layers. The cathodoluminescent layers are formed on a transparent conductive layer formed on a transparent insulating viewing screen to provide a faceplate. An electrical coupling is formed to the transparent conductive layer to provide a return path for electrons. The faceplate and the cathodoluminescent layers are placed on a conveyer in a vacuum. The cathodoluminescent layers are irradiated with an electron beam having a density of greater than one hundred microamperes/Cm2. The electron beam may be provided by a cathode including an insulating base, a first post secured to the insulating base near a first edge of the insulating base and a second post including a spring-loaded tip secured to the insulating base near a second edge of the insulating base.

Abstract: An insulating diaphragm can be disposed on the saddle of getter flash turntable or other fixture used to support a cathode ray tube during frit knocking with a high voltage. The diaphragm protects the integrity of the cathode ray tube by preventing arcing of the high voltage through the neck of the cathode ray tube and into the supporting saddle.

Abstract: A method for cleansing the phosphor screen of a display device comprising the removal of oxygen or sulfur from the surface of the phosphor, and/or its associated binder material, to a depth that prevents oxygen diffusion from the phosphor and/or binder, thereby creating an oxygen deficient surface on the phosphors.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a color cathode ray tube having an electron gun with plural electrodes is disclosed. The method includes the steps of aging a color cathode ray tube and knocking the aged color cathode ray tube, wherein in the knocking step, a high voltage is applied to the anode, a low voltage electrode is grounded, and the remaining electrodes are floated by a potential.

Abstract: A method of high voltage treatment for a cathode ray tube having a neck including one end closed with a stem and housing an electron gun and stem pins for a focus electrode, and other electrodes of the electron gun, establishes a high pressure gas atmosphere around the neck, and establishes a voltage which is sufficiently higher than the operating voltage of the cathode ray tube between the stem pins when the high pressure gas atmosphere. In order to prevent a creeping discharge due to the voltage applied to the stem pins, the temperature of the neck is maintained above the temperature of said high pressure gas atmosphere during the voltage application. In an alternative method, the dew point of the high pressure gas atmosphere is set at, at most, 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of cathode ray tube, wherein the voltage applied to the anode of an electron gun is divided by a voltage divider for application to focusing electrodes of the electron gun in the knocking process.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cathode ray tube which includes an electron gun (3) having a number of electrodes (7, 8) and a resistive-layer lends system (5), characterized in that the electron gun is sparked in a manufacturing step in which a pulse voltage is applied to an electrode (8) and a direct voltage is applied to a part (9) of the resistive-layer lens system adjacent to said electrode (8) through supply leads. During the sparking step measures are taken to prevent the occurrence of sparks in the resistive-layer lens system (5) per se, which in turn prevents damage to the resistive-layer lens system.

Abstract: Reduced ion feedback in an electron multiplier (EM) is achieved by applying a higher than normal bias voltage to the EM and degassing the EM with a relatively high concentration of self-generated particles as a result of the applied bias voltage.

Abstract: A Braun-tube manufacturing apparatus comprises conveyor for conveying a Braun tube having a support portion arranged to stably support the Braun tube thereon stationary thereto with a faceplate thereof facing down, and a drying furnace disposed at an intermediate position on a conveying path of the conveyor for locally heating an area around the base where the resin is deposited to thereby dry and harden the adhesive resin. Such an apparatus enables not only rapid and reliable drying of the adhesive resin but also reductions in the size and cost of the drying furnace which can be used for drying.

Abstract: In the processing of cathode ray tubes, both the incidence of dark center cathode and residual gas can be reduced by including the step of scanning the mask and screen of the tube with a weak, defocused electron beam, carried out after getter flashing and preferably prior to aging.

Abstract: For aging a cathode-ray tube which has a cathode capable of emitting an electron beam, a first electrode for limiting the electron beam, a second electrode for accelerating electrons of the limited electron beam, a third electrode for focusing the accelerated electron beam and an anode, the cathode is energized so that an electron beam is emitted therefrom while D.C. rated voltages are applied to the first and second electrodes, respectively, and first and second voltages are applied to the third electrode and the anode, respectively, for a predetermined time. The first and second voltages are time-varying within first and second zones each of which is between a first level lower than the D.C. rated voltage on the second electrode and a second level higher than the highest one of the voltages on the third electrode with which an electric current flows in the second electrode with the electron beam emitted from the cathode.

Abstract: Mini neck tubes rejected for lower gap leakage are reconditioned by connecting together the cathodes, grounding the G3 electrode and applying a high voltage pulse to the G2 electrode using a hand-held sparking coil.

Abstract: The novel spot-knocking method for an electron gun mount assembly having a gun axis in an evacuated CRT comprises interconnecting a heater, a cathode, a control electrode and a screen electrode. Then, providing a magnetic field along the gun axis while applying spot-knocking voltages between an anode and the interconnected gun elements. The magnetic field facilitates the initiation of arcs parallel to the magnetic field and to the gun axis and between the adjacent gun elements, and inhibits the initiation of arcs in directions transverse to the magnetic field and the gun axis.

Abstract: The novel spot-knocking method for an electron gun mount assembly in an evacuated CRT comprises applying a spot knocking voltage between a first and second anode, and a first focus electrode with the remaining gun elements including a heater, a cathode, a control electrode, a screen electrode and a second focus electrode electrically floating.

Abstract: An improved aging process for a cathode ray tube in which the main focusing grid (G3) is aged at a potential below that of the G2 grid, resulting in significantly reduced incidence of dark center cathode.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring the spot-knocking of electron tubes includes individually identifying each tube carrying hanger and each cart which applies a spot-knocking voltage to the tubes. The hangers and tubes sequentially engage a series of anode bus bar segments and the spot-knocking discharges are counted. The counts for each hanger and for each tube are averaged and compared with stored averages to identify faulty tubes, spot-knocking equipment and carts.

Abstract: Method for heating the first electrodes of electrostatic lenses of the bi-potential type of an electron gun forming part of a cathode ray tube, this heating being performed during manufacture of the tube and wherein the first electrodes of the two lenses are brought to a same potential and the second electrodes are also brought to a same potential but at a value different from that of the first one and the electrons produced by the gun are used for heating the first electrode of each lens at its end adjacent to the second electrode of this same lens.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cathode ray tube wherein DC and AC voltages are superimposed and applied to a cathode ray tube between a high voltage electrode and a low voltage electrode with the high voltage electrode being at the high voltage side of the DC voltage so as to perform knocking treatment. The superimposed DC and AC voltages may be alternately applied in various manners so as to provide improved knocking of the tube.