Abstract: A method of exposing a photosensitive layer or a fluorescent slurry layer deposited on the inner surface of a panel in which a shadow mask frame assembly is installed and apparatus therefor, are provided. A shadow mask installed inside the panel is induction-heated to a predetermined temperature using an induction-heating coil to be sufficiently expanded, and then the photosensitive layer or the fluorescent slurry layer deposited inside the panel is exposed via electron beam passing holes formed in the shadow mask. Therefore, the initial stabilization time for the CRT can be shortened.

Abstract: Described are methods for making, and resultant structures of, a field emission display with soft luminescence and a comfortable image for a viewer of the display. The field emission display is formed with a baseplate and an opposing face plate. Field emission microtips are formed in openings in a conductive and insulating layer on the baseplate. An anode is formed on either the faceplate, or on the conductive layer surrounding each opening. Phosphorescent material is formed over the anode. A blocking layer is formed between the phosphor and the faceplate, such that during operation of the display direct light emission from the phosphor is blocked, resulting in indirect phosphorescence and a more comfortable display image. An optional reflective layer may be added over the conductive layer to increase phosphorescence.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an anode plate 80 for use in a field emission device comprising the steps of providing a substantially transparent substrate 70, depositing a layer of a transparent, electrically conductive material 90 on a surface of the substrate, and then removing portions of said layer of conductive material to leave stripes of said conductive material 90.sub.R, 90.sub.G, 90.sub.B. The stripes of conductive material have a first and second corner 84, 88 distal from the substrate 70. The first and second corners 84, 88 of the stripes of conductive material are rounded and luminescent material 74 is applied on the conductive stripes 90. The first and second corners 84, 88 are rounded by applying voltage to the stripes 90 and then etching the stripes to form the rounded corners 84, 88.

Abstract: A high efficiency field emission display, and a method for manufacturing such a display, having reduced driver circuit requirements, and which may be operated over a range of anode voltages while efficiently using existing phosphors, is described. A field emission display having a baseplate and an opposing face plate, includes a glass plate acts as a base for the faceplate. There is a patterned layer, having openings, of black matrix material over the glass plate. A plurality of phosphorescent elements are formed in and adjacent to the openings in the black matrix layer. A metal film overlays a portion of the top surface of each of the phosphorescent elements. The metal film may be patterned in a mesh or in other shapes, and provides for the highly efficient operation of the display of the invention. The baseplate, formed on a substrate, is mounted opposite and parallel to the faceplate, and has a conductive layer over the substrate.

Abstract: An anode plate 50 for use in a field emission flat panel display device comprises a transparent planar substrate 58 having a plurality of electrically conductive, parallel stripes 52 comprising the anode electrode of the device, which are covered by phosphors 54.sub.R, 54.sub.G and 54.sub.B. A substantially opaque, electrically insulating material 56 is affixed to substrate 58 in the spaces between conductors 52, acting as a barrier to the passage of ambient light into and out of the device. The electrical insulating quality of opaque material 56 increases the electrical isolation of conductive stripes 52 from one another, reducing the risk of breakdown due to increased leakage current. Opaque material 56 preferably comprises glass having impurities dispersed therein, wherein the impurities may include one or more organic dyes, selected to provide relatively uniform opacity over the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Abstract: An anode plate 40, suitable for use in a field emission display tetrode, includes a transparent planar substrate 42 having thereon a layer 46 of a transparent, electrically conductive material, which comprises the anode electrode of the display tetrode. Barrier structures 48 comprising an electrically insulating, preferably opaque material, are formed on anode electrode 46 as a series of parallel ridges. Atop each barrier structure 48 are a series of electrically conductive stripes 50, which function as deflection electrodes. Luminescent material 52 overlies anode electrode 46 in the channels between barrier structures 48. Conductive stripes 50 are termed into three series such that every third stripe 50 is electrically interconnected. Deflection voltage controller 70 permits selective deflection of electrons toward the proper luminescent material 52.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an anode plate 18 for use in a field emission device comprises the steps of providing a transparent substrate 20 and depositing a layer of a transparent, electrically conductive material 24 on a surface of the substrate. Next, portions of the layer of conductive material 24 are removed to form regions of the conductive material. Luminescent material 26 is then applied on the conductive regions and an outer portion 27 of at least some of the particles of the luminescent material are thereafter removed.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube includes a black matrix layer formed on the flat portion of a glass panel, a patterned metal oxide layer formed on the black matrix layer, a fluorescent layer formed on the patterned metal oxide layer and directly on the glass panel therebetween, and a metal reflection layer formed on the fluorescent layer on both the curved and flat portions of the glass panel, wherein the mean particle size of the metal oxide is larger than the mean particle size of the black matrix. The relative particle size of the metal oxide and the black matrix provides for increased adhesion of the reflective metal layer, and alleviates problems with out-gassing of the black matrix.

Abstract: A field emission display with enhanced brightness and contrast, and a method for making such a display, is described. The display has a backplate and an opposing face plate, where a glass plate acts as a base for the faceplate. A patterned layer of transparent conductive material is formed over the glass plate, and acts as an anode for the display. There is a plurality of phosphorescent elements formed over the anode. Openings extending between the phosphorescent elements and through the anode. The baseplate, formed on a substrate, is mounted opposite and parallel to the faceplate. There is a reflective, conductive layer over the substrate. A plurality of electron-emitting tips are formed on the baseplate, extend through openings in the reflective, conductive layer, and are formed directly opposite to the phosphorescent elements, and are divided into smaller groups, or pixels. There is black matrix material over the anode around the periphery of each of the pixels.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an anode plate 80 for use in a field emission device. The method comprises the steps of providing a substantially transparent substrate 88 having spaced-apart, electrically conductive regions 50 on a surface thereof, then coating the anode plate with a substantially opaque material 86. The opaque material 86 is removed from the surface of the conductive regions 50 in the active area 58, and from selected areas 60 of the interconnect portion of the conductive regions 50. A first bus 52 is provided for electrically connecting a first series 50.sub.R of the conductive regions 50, a second bus 54 is provided for electrically connecting a second series 50.sub.G of the conductive regions 50, and a third bus 56 is provided for electrically connecting a third series 50.sub.B of the conductive regions 50. Luminescent material of a first color 84.sub.R is applied to the first series of conductive regions 50.sub.R, luminescent material of a second color 84.sub.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an anode plate 40 having a multiplicity of grooves 50 for use in a field emission flat panel display device comprises the steps of providing a transparent planar substrate 42 having a plurality of electrically conductive, parallel stripes 46 comprising the anode electrode of the device; etching a plurality of grooves 50 in the surface of the substrate in the spaces between the stripes 46; and then applying phosphor material 48.sub.R, 48.sub.G and 48.sub.B over the stripes 46. In one embodiment, a plurality of grooves 50', having generally vertical sidewalls, are formed in the upper surface of planar substrate 42' at the interstices of conductors 46. In a second embodiment, a plurality of grooves 50", having generally curved sidewalls, are formed in the upper surface of planar substrate 42' at the interstices of conductors 46'.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube having an improved screen and manufacturing method thereof including a black matrix and a phosphor layer formed on the inner surface of a panel and a metal back covering the tops of the black matrix and the phosphor layer. The metal back is in direct contact with the black matrix and is spaced from the phosphor layer. In the manufacturing method, a film overlapping the black matrix layer is partially removed so as to leave the film above the phosphor layer. This allows the metal back to be applied directly to the black matrix layer and thereby prevents the desquamation of the metal back.

Abstract: The inner surface of a cathode ray tube is roughened by blasting the surface with a suspension which comprises radiation particles, the inner surface being irradiated in such a manner that it satisfies the inequalities 0.05 .mu.m<R.sub.a <0.5 .mu.m and R.sub.z <4 .mu.m and, preferably, 0.1 .mu.m<R.sub.a <0.2 .mu.m. The reflection at such a surface is comparable to the reflection at an etched surface. The method in accordance with the invention is safer and less harmful to the environment.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for manufacturing photostencils used in screening the faceplates of color cathode ray tubes. The photostencils are produced as progeny from a parent stencil photo plotted according to the dictates of a proximity photoprinting process in conjunction with the electron optical characteristics of the operational CRT. A rectangular beam is used for radiating light through the pattern of features on the parent stencil onto the photoresist of the progeny stencil. As a result, the features of the progeny stencil differ in size or shape or both, from those of the parent stencil.

Abstract: Method of vapor-depositing an interference filter layer on the inside of a display window, a display window, a projection cathode ray tube and a projection television apparatus.A method of manufacturing a projection cathode ray tube comprising an interference filter on an inwardly directed surface of a display window, the method comprising as a process step the vapor deposition of at least one layer of the interference filter. It has been found that the edges of a display window during the vapor deposition of an interference filter layer detrimentally influence the thickness of the vapor deposited layer, the thickness increases more towards the edges than follows from geometrical computations. In the method according to the invention vapor deposition is performed on a display window for which the height of the edge is less than 1/5 of the minor axis. The display screen preferably comprises a recessive edge.

Abstract: A system for standardized printing of CRT screens is disclosed. A preferred embodiment utilizes a standardized photoexposure stencil made without the use of a shadow mask aperture pattern and projection printing. The stencil is then placed in proximity to the screening surface during exposure. Front panel and mask support topography preparation methods and apparatus are disclosed, as are means and methods for compensating for variations among panel assemblies utilized in standardized printing of the screens. The system thereby produces high resolution screens which may accept interchangeable shadow masks.

Abstract: An anvil having a uniquely configurable support surface is provided for use in the manufacture of a face panel for a tension mask color cathode ray tube. The anvil is uniquely configurable for the panel and provides for contacting and conformably supporting the panel and preserving its intrinsic contour against gravitational deflection or other loading.

Abstract: This invention proposes methods of effectively forming a metal-backed layer and an anode using a metal film transferring sheet in which micro-holes are formed. that is, the metal film transferring sheet is structured by forming a metal film on a mold-releasable, highly characteristic sheet. Then, the metal film having micro-holes of the metal film transferring sheet is transferred onto a phosphor screen. Or, on the metal film of the above-mentioned metal film transferring sheet, is formed a phosphor screen and the metal film, the phosphor screen, etc. are all transferred onto a face plate form an anode of a cathode-ray tube. Then the methods proposed by this invention are applied for making phosphor products of, for example, a cathode-ray tube or a plasma display. According to these methods, there is no need to use a large-scaled manufacturing facility and high quality, low cost products can be obtainable.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns television cameras having an image pick-up electron tube. The signal input plate of the tube according to the invention is made by molding and a connection pin is embedded in the glass during the molding operation itself. When the internal and external faces of the input plate are then polished, the end of the pin on the internal side of the pin is levelled down at the same time. All that remains to be done then is to deposit a transparent conductive layer and a photoconductive target on this perfectly plane face. Furthermore, the unpolished edges of the input plate and, more particularly, its lateral edges are covered with a light-absorbing black layer which is produced not by the deposition of a black paint but by chemical reduction of the metal oxides contained in the glass. This blackening is preferably obtained during the molding operation itself, by placing the mold in a hydrogen-reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: An insulating layer, a luminescent layer, a transparent electrode, base sheet with a transparent electrode formed thereon and a desiccant film are laminated in that order on the upper surface of a pointer body which also serves as a rear electrode. The upper surface of the dessiccant film is sealed with a moistureproof film. In producing a luminous pointer, these layers are laminated at a plurality of portions on the upper surface of a sheet which is to constitute pointer bodies, the pointer bodies are blanked along the outlines thereof by press working, and then the outside of the disiccant film is sealed with a moistureproof film. Alternatively, the outside of the desiccant film may be sealed with a moistureproof film before blanking the pointer bodies by press working.

Abstract: An apparatus for uniformly charging a photoconductive layer disposed on an interior, non-planar surface of a faceplate panel of a CRT during electrophotographic screen processing of the panel includes a corona generator having at least one corona charger and a mechanism for moving the corona charger across the non-planar surface of the faceplate panel. The corona charger substantially conforms to, and is spaced from the photoconductive layer on the non-planar, interior surface of the faceplate panel.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are disclosed for use in the manufacture of a color cathode ray tube having a shadow mask with a central pattern of apertures mounted in tension on a transparent flat front panel. The mask aperture pattern is registered with a cathodoluminescent screen pattern of corresponding geometry and position on an inner surface of the panel. The shadow masks and front panels are respectively interchangeable. In a preferred arrangement, signals are developed which are indicative of the positions of a mechanically stretched mask aperture pattern and an associated front panel screen pattern relative to a reference or to each other. Responsive to such signals, there is effected a relative positioning of the mask and screen until registration between the patterns is achieved.

Abstract: An X-ray image intensifier has an input phosphor screen with a substrate in which a large number of small holes are formed, and a fluorescent material filled in the small holes. A ratio of a maximum inner diameter to a depth of each small hole is set to be 0.5 or less. Alternatively, the input phosphor screen of the X-ray image intensifier of the invention includes a substrate in which a large number of small holes are formed, a low-refractive-index material layer formed on the inner wall of each small hole, and a fluorescent material having a refractive index higher than the low-refractive-index material layer filling in each small hole.

Abstract: A novel color selection electrode assembly is utilized in screening a pattern of phosphor areas upon the faceplate of a color cathode ray tube. The faceplate, which is formed of a material having a predetermined temperature coefficient of expansion, has registration affording means. The aforesaid assembly comprises an auxiliary mount formed of a material having a temperature coefficient of expansion greater than that of the faceplate and has a central opening of such span as to enable the mount to surround the periphery of the faceplate. Index bosses, cooperable with the faceplate registration affording means, are detachably secured to the mount. A planar metal foil having a predetermined pattern of apertures and formed of a material having a temperature coefficient of expansion not greater than that of the mount is secured to the mount.

Abstract: A phosphor screen for a cathode ray tube employing an interference filter for projection television is produced by temporarily sealing the face panel and funnel of the tube toegether, forming the screen by a settling technique, and then separating the screened panel and funnel to allow access to the panel for further processing prior to permanently sealing the panel and funnel together.

Abstract: A method for the mounting of a shadow mask in a trichromatic cathode tube pertains especially to the mounting of the mask on a frame. The shadow mask has a perforated, plane active surface which must be held under sufficient mechanical tension, so that it preserves its planarity during the functioning of the tube. The method consists in increasing the dimensions of the active surface, either by heating it to expand it or by stretching it mechanically to give it the desired mechanical tension, and then in soldering the mask to a sufficiently rigid frame to maintain the active surface in its state of mechanical tension.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in fabricating the faceplate section of a color cathode ray tube, which faceplate comprises a target surface and a shadow mask foil support frame affixed to and circumscribing the target surface. The apparatus comprises a pedestal having registration affording means associated therewith and a tensioning structure which includes a fixture comprising a pair of collars for clamping the edge of the shadow mask foil to support and maintain the foil taut. An anvil is provided for engaging a peripheral portion of the clamped foil to induce a deflection of the foil and, thereby, a predetermined tension in the foil. A first indexing means effects repeatable registrations between the clamping fixture and the pedestal registration affording means.

Abstract: Negative interference fixturing means and process are disclosed for use in the photoexposure of an in-process faceplate assembly for a color cathode ray tube, and the attachment of a shadow mask to its support. The assembly includes a flat glass faceplate having on its inner surface a centrally disposed screening area for receiving a predetermined pattern of phosphor deposits, a shadow mask having a pattern of apertures corresponding to the pattern of phosphor deposits, and a shadow mask support structure located on opposed sides of the screening area for supporting the mask in tension.

Abstract: A proceses is disclosed for use in the manufacture of a color cathode ray tube having a rectangular flat faceplate. The process comprises positioning the faceplate in a predetermined x-y plane by referencing faceplate a-b-c reference areas on two adjacent edges or sides of the faceplate with complementary a-b-c reference points on a faceplate locating fixture; the fixture also has three spaced six-point precision indexing means. With the faceplate a-b-c reference areas and the faceplate locating fixture a-b-c points mutually referenced, six-point precision indexing means are attached to the faceplate in registation with the precision indexing means on the faceplate locating fixture. Using the precision indexing means attached to the faceplate, a shadow mask is registered with the faceplate through the use of complementary precision indexing means to provide a faceplate-shadow mask assembly in mutual precise registry.

Abstract: A method for holding a cathode-ray tube in a fixed position during processing utilizes mounting lugs attached to the tube. The apparatus includes a platform having a plurality of legs positioned to support, respectively, the ends of the mounting lugs. Each of the legs has a recess therein aligned with an aperture in the respective lug end. Each lug is secured to the respective leg by a clamp, pivotally attached to each leg, which projects through the aperture into the respective recess when pivoted.

Abstract: In-process articles of manufacture are disclosed for the manufacture of a high-resolution color cathode ray tube having a tensed foil shadow mask. A first article-in-process comprises a faceplate with a target area for receiving at least one pattern of phosphor deposits. The faceplate has attached at preselected, widely spaced locations on the sides thereof a plurality of discrete, detachable first indexing elements. An article-in-process comprises a shadow mask support assembly having a frame ultimately constituting a part of the tube envelope; the frame supports the shadow mask in precise adjacency to the target area. The frame has attached on the sides thereof a like plurality of discrete, detachable second indexing elements which are in facing adjacency to the first indexing elements on the faceplate when the faceplate and frame are mated. Temporary attachment of the indexing elements is by means of a thermally degradable cement.

Abstract: Electroluminescent elements of high light intensity and long useful life, operating at comparatively low energy input, are obtained by directly bonding to a supported web of thin plastic film without intermediate adhesive a layer of resin containing EL phosphor thoroughly and uniformly dispersed therein, and depositing on the surface of said resin a fine layer of a transparent electrode consisting essentially of indium tin oxide. In alternative embodiments the said resin layer is sandwiched between thin deposited layers of alkaline earth metal titanate.

Abstract: An assembly-in-process consisting of three components-in-process is disclosed. The components-in-process comprise, respectively, a faceplate with a sealing area circumscribing a target area including of plurality of first registration-affording V-grooves; secondly, a shadow mask support assembly having a frame ultimately constituting a part of the tube envelope, and a sealing area having a like plurality of registration-affording V-grooves in alignment with the first V-grooves; and third, a like plurality of balls disposed between the mated first and second V-grooves for establishing precise registration between the faceplate and the frame in the process of screening a pattern of phosphor deposits on the target area and later in the final assembly of the tube.

Abstract: A method of making a color cathode ray tube is disclosed that utilizes a tensed color selection electrode assembly as a stencil for screening a pattern of luminescent phosphor deposits upon a faceplate. The faceplate has a target area and a peripheral sealing area and a plurality of registration-affording means at selected locations about its periphery. The faceplate is utilizable as a constituent of a color cathode ray tube. Electrode assembly comprises frame means to which is bonded a planar tensed foil. Means are provided for bonding the faceplate and the frame means such that the frame becomes an integral part of the vacuum envelope for the tube during final assembly of the tube. Indexing means mechanically associated with the frame and cooperable with the faceplate registration-affording means to facilitate multiple registered matings of the frame and the faceplate during the screening.

Abstract: A modulator assembly for a flat panel display device is fabricated with a single piece substantially U-shaped isolation member. The modulation electrode pairs are formed as bifilar strips configured singularly to and insulatively affixed to the isolation member.