Abstract: With respect to a vacuum tube having a reduced pressure vessel containing an electric discharge gas sealed therein, problems such as the lowering of discharge efficiency owing to an organic material, moisture or oxygen remaining in the reduced pressure vessel have taken place conventionally. It has been now found that the selection of the number of water molecules, the number of molecules of an organic gas and the number of oxygen molecules remaining in the reduced pressure vessel, in a relation with the number of molecules of a gas contributing the electric discharge allows the reduction of the adverse effect by the above-mentioned remaining gas. Specifically, the selection of the number of molecules of the above electric discharge gas being about ten times that of the above-mentioned remaining gas or more can reduce the adverse effect by the above-mentioned remaining gas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a plasma display panel having a discharge space and a protection layer facing the discharge space. The protection layer is exposed to the reducing organic gas by introducing gases containing the reducing organic gas into the discharge space. Then, the reducing organic gas is exhausted from the discharge space. Then, the discharge gas is hermetically enclosed in the discharge space.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission lamp generally includes the steps of: (a) providing a cathode emitter; (b) providing a transparent glass tube having a carbon nanotube transparent conductive film and a fluorescent layer, wherein the carbon nanotube transparent conductive film and the fluorescent layer are both disposed on an inner surface of the transparent glass tube; (c) providing a first glass feedthrough, a second glass feedthrough, and a nickel pipe, wherein the first glass feedthrough has an anode down-lead pad and an anode down-lead pole connected to the anode down-lead pad, and the second glass feedthrough has a cathode down-lead pole; (d) securing the nickel pipe to one end of the cathode emitter and securing the other end of the cathode emitter to one end of the cathode down-lead pole of the second glass feedthrough; and (e) melting and assembling the first and second glass feedthroughs to ends of the transparent glass tube respectively.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an image display apparatus, having a vacuum container with getters therein, includes the steps of exhausting an inner gas through an exhaust hole provided in the vacuum container; and activating the getters during the exhausting. In the activating step, the getters are sequentially activated first from a getter positioned in an area having a larger exhaust conductance with respect to the exhaust hole.

Abstract: A field emission device has an improved structure in which electron emission from a cathode is enhanced through external light radiation. The field emission device includes: a light transmitting substrate; a cathode unit arranged on the light transmitting substrate and adapted to emit electrons, the cathode unit including: a first electrode layer of a transparent conductive material arranged on the substrate; a first electron emission layer of a semiconductive polymer organic material arranged on the first electrode layer; a second electron emission layer of a composite of a carbon-based inorganic material and a semiconductive polymer organic material arranged on the first electron emission layer; and a second electrode layer of a conductive material arranged on the second electron emission layer. The field emission device further includes an anode arranged to face the cathode unit.

Abstract: Vacuum microelectronic devices with carbon nanotube films, layers, ribbons and fabrics are provided. The present invention discloses microelectronic vacuum devices including triode structures that include three-terminals (an emitter, a grid and an anode), and also higher-order devices such as tetrodes and pentodes, all of which use carbon nanotubes to form various components of the devices. In certain embodiments, patterned portions of nanotube fabric may be used as grid/gate components, conductive traces, etc. Nanotube fabrics may be suspended or conformally disposed. In certain embodiments, methods for stiffening a nanotube fabric layer are used. Various methods for applying, selectively removing (e.g. etching), suspending, and stiffening vertically- and horizontally-disposed nanotube fabrics are disclosed, as are CMOS-compatible fabrication methods. In certain embodiments, nanotube fabric triodes provide high-speed, small-scale, low-power devices that can be employed in radiation-intensive applications.

Abstract: A display substrate manufacturing method includes a placing step of placing a dummy substrate on a clamping surface, an evacuating step of evacuating the interior of a space formed between the clamping surface and dummy substrate, in order to bring the dummy substrate into tight contact with the clamping surface, a heating step of heating a base in order to facilitate removing, from the clamping surface, foreign particles sticking to the clamping surface, a transferring step of transferring the foreign particles sticking to the clamping surface from the clamping surface to the dummy substrate in tight contact with the clamping surface, and a removing step of removing, from the clamping surface, the dummy substrate to which the foreign particles are transferred in the transferring step.

Abstract: Cathode unit for installation in a fluorescent tube body (3) belonging to a fluorescent tube (1), which cathode unit (5) comprises a cathode screen (15a, 15, 15?-15??) which partially surrounds an electrode (9) which is electrically insulated from the said cathode screen (15), a power supply device (11) arranged to make an electrical connection between the said electrode (9) and a contact (13), the said cathode screen (15a, 15 , 15?-15??) comprising a first end (19) facing towards the discharge, which first end (19) comprises a central opening (21), and a second end (39) facing towards the said contact (13). The first end (19) of the cathode screen (15a, 15, 15?-15??) is designed with a rounded-off part (25) in order to facilitate the insertion of the cathode unit (5) in the said fluorescent tube body (3).

Abstract: Method for introducing a limited amount of mercury into a fluorescent lamp during manufacture thereof includes the steps of forming the lamp with an exhaust tubulation therein open at an end thereof, exhausting the interior of the lamp through the exhaust tubulation, placing a body of metal material not reactive with mercury in the exhaust tubulation open end, the body having a coating of metal which amalgams with mercury, over a selected surface area of the body, and having mercury on the coated area of the body, such that a limited amount of the mercury is retained by the metal coating, and sealing the open end of the exhaust tubulation, whereby the amount of mercury retained on the body and introduced into the lamp is limited by the surface area of the metal coating on the body.

Abstract: Method for introducing a limited amount of mercury into a fluorescent lamp during manufacture thereof includes the steps of forming the lamp with an exhaust tubulation therein open at an end thereof and provided with a ball retention structure, exhausting the interior of the lamp through the tubulation open end, placing a rigid ball of inert material in the tubulation between the ball retention structure and the tubulation open end, the ball having a coating of a selected one of silver, gold, and indium, of a selected mass over a selected surface area of the ball, and mercury on the coated area, and sealing the open end of the tubulation, whereby the amount of mercury retained on the ball and thereby introduced into the lamp is limited by the selected mass of the coating on the ball.

Abstract: A discharge bulb including: an arc tube having a light emitting portion constructed in a manner that a light emitting substance is enclosed therein by pinch-sealing the arc tube, and discharge electrodes are oppositely arranged therein; and a shroud glass tube hermetically sealing and covering the arc tube, so as to form a space between the shroud glass tube and the arc tube. And a water content or pressure of gas enclosed in the sealed space is specified.

Abstract: A method for recrystallization of tungsten filaments for incandescent lamps includes the steps of providing a tungsten filament fixed to lead-in wires, providing a light-transmitting glass envelope having a closed first end and an open second end, the first end being closed by an envelope press portion integral with the remainder of the envelope, the press portion having the lead-in wires sealed therein and extending therethrough into the envelope, introducing a forming gas into the envelope, flushing the envelope with infusions of the forming gas, flashing the filament in the presence of the forming gas to recrystallize the filament, evacuating the forming gas from the envelope, introducing fill gas into the envelope, and closing the envelope second end.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a display device is available that is capable of remarkably improving life characteristics of a display device. A display device placed in a chamber is evacuated to about 10.sup.-7 Torr. Then, reducing gas is introduced into the display device and held therein for several minutes, followed by evacuation of the display device to about 10.sup.-5 Torr. The reducing gas introducing and discharge steps are repeated several times. Thereafter, evacuation of the display device is carried out while keeping the chamber at about 300.degree. C., followed by sealing of the display device.

Abstract: The luminescent phosphor degradation in a cathode ray display tube, caused by aging, is decreased. This decrease is achieved by introducing before and/or during evacuation a hydrolyzable gas into the tube's inner space for a limited time interval, using a partial pressure which is essentially larger than the eventual final vacuum pressure of the cathode ray tube, and then allowing the final vacuum pressure to be achieved without any further supply of gas. Thereafter, the cathode ray tube is sealed in a gastight manner.

Abstract: A process for flushing and filling a low pressure gas discharge lamp which has an exhaust tube and discharge electrodes at each of its ends and which is provided with a discharge vessel for limiting or bounding the gas discharge, wherein the course of the process the discharge vessel is coupled via the exhaust tubes to a pumping apparatus. Flushing or fill gas is continually charged into the discharge vessel via one of the exhaust tubes and simultaneously via the other exhaust tube the gas is discharged in such a manner that within the discharge vessel an equilibrium pressure prevails which coincides with the final charging pressure of the lamp, while the flow rate of the flowing gas is expediently maintained at a constant value.

Abstract: A method of sealing an electron gun mount of a cathode-ray tube to a back section thereof comprises the steps of applying a glass frit between an edge of the back section and the mount where the sealing is to be effected, heating the glass frit to a temperature sufficient to cause the frit to become vitreous, thereby sealing the mount to the back section, and flowing a gas containing a reducing agent past the electron gun during the heating step.