Abstract: There is provided a method and an apparatus for improving surface roughness of tooth surfaces of an external-tooth gear (W), and thereby reducing the occurrence of noises associated with the meshing between teeth. In accordance with the method, teeth of the external-tooth gear (W) are polished by rotating teeth of the external-tooth gear (W) relative to a film polishing member (110) in the tooth profile direction, and simultaneously by oscillating the external-tooth gear (W) in the tooth trace direction, while pressing the film polishing member (110) against tooth surfaces of the external-tooth gear W by backing up with a shoe (120).

Abstract: A method for producing a fillet on a gear as a function of a plurality of design criteria points in disclosed. The present method includes the steps of fitting a polynomial curve to the design criteria points, and producing the fillet on the gear, the fillet having a curved shape corresponding to the fitted polynomial curve. As a further step for control of the fillet, the actual shape of the fillet produced can be inspected and compared to the fitted curve, using a coordinate measuring machine or other suitable device. According to a further aspect of the invention, the fillet is produced using a tool having a curved surface corresponding to the polynomial curve.

Abstract: A precision grinding apparatus includes a grinding worm for precision grinding a case-hardened face gear. A shaper is first placed into contact with a face gear, to thereby shape a surface of the face gear into a plurality of face gear teeth. The shaper is then removed, and the face gear is case hardened. The grinding worm is disposed in a normal orientation to the case-hardened face gear and includes a spiral tooth extending along a perimeter of the grinding worm. The spiral tooth of the grinding worm is adapted to contact and precision grind the case-hardened gear. A dressing tool includes a protrusion for contacting the spiral tooth of the grinding worm, as the spiral tooth contacts and precision grinds the case-hardened face gear. The dressing tool thus maintains the shape of the grinding worm to within a desired tolerance range.

Abstract: A machine for lapping or testing gears comprising a single machine column having a first side oriented perpendicular to a second side with the first side having a first workpiece spindle rotatable about a first axis and the second spindle having a second workpiece spindle rotatable about a second axis. The first workpiece spindle is movably secured to the first side and the second workpiece spindle is movably secured to the second side. The first and second workpiece spindles are movable with respect to one another along one or more of mutually perpendicular directions G, H and V. At least one, and preferably both, of the spindles are direct drive spindles. At any relative position of the spindles and their associated gear members along the G, H and V directions, the crossing points of their respective axes remains the same. For lapping, the machine further includes means to introduce lapping compound at the toe end of one of the members rotating in mesh at a location before the point of mesh.

Abstract: A mixture of water and glass beads is ejected to a root of a gear which has been cut to form gear teeth. The glass beads are oriented so as to be ejected to the root, and the glass beads and the water impart compressive stresses to the surface of the root and grind the surface of the root.

Abstract: Method and an apparatus for the profiling of single-gear or multiple-gear grinding worms for grinding tooth profiles in accordance with the principle of continuous diagonal hob grinding. A grinding worm is divided into at least two axial segments wherein one segment remains unmodified and a second segment receives, by means of special profiling methods, modifications of the spiral faces for the generation of tooth face modifications. The main attribute of these profiling methods is additional movements, which are superimposed on the disk-shaped profiling tool and/or the grinding worm in relation to a given profiling lift position, and which result in the modifications of the grinding worm faces that are mapped onto the faces of the toothed wheel work during subsequent diagonal hob grinding across a grinding worm segment profiled in this manner.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of grinding bevel gear teeth in an intermittent indexing process using a single grinding wheel provided with different bevel angles (.alpha.) to produce the desired grinding wheel radii (R): one flank is machined during grinding in downward generation as far as a first turning point, another flank is produced in upward generation as far as a second turning point, and machine settings are so adjusted in the turning points as to ensure a correct pressure angle and correct flank topography during the generating process, irrespective of the different bevel angles (.alpha.). The process combines the advantages of the known completing process, by which both flanks can be ground at the same time at the cost of imposing a particular wheel body geometry with conical teeth, with those of the known two-track process for grinding both flanks with a double grinding head, by which various additional correction factors can be introduced to optimize the flank shape for convex and concave flanks.

Abstract: In a process for finishing the hardened teeth of a bevel gear wheel by grinding after hardening, the ground teeth are fine- honed, this procedure being carried out in the same chucking as the preceding grinding. A machine especially suitable for this procedure has a chucking device for the bevel gear wheel (12) and a double machining head for mounting two machining tools, namely a grinding wheel (26) and a honing wheel (28). The bevel gear wheel (12) to be machined is preferably a pinion, and accordingly the honing wheel (28) is a bevel gear-type machining tool. Pairing the ground and honed pinion (12) with a bevel gear which has been only ground results in a good noise standard, and the lapping required for hypoid gears manufactured in the traditional way, with its associated drawbacks, is unnecessary.

Abstract: A gearset for a gear spindle coupling or the like, and method for forming the same, comprising a sleeve gear and a hub gear which may be ground after surface hardening without the introduction of undesired structural weakening. The sleeve gear includes internal gear teeth and the hub gear includes external gear teeth in mesh with the sleeve gear teeth. Each internal sleeve gear tooth has an internal profile with the tooth height ranging from about 1.9 to about 2.2 divided by the diametral pitch of the sleeve gear, and each external hub gear tooth has a contact height less than the full tooth height. The contact height of the external tooth ranges from about 1.4 to about 1.6 divided by the diametral pitch of the hub gear, with the hub gear tooth region ranging between about 1.4/diametral pitch to about 1.6/diametral pitch. The whole depth of each external gear tooth ranges between about 1.5/diametral pitch to about 1.8/diametral pitch, and the whole depth of each internal gear tooth ranges between about 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the profiling of single-start or multistart grinding worms for profile grinding of gear-teeth according to the principle of continuous generating grinding. The goal of the proposed profiling principle is to position the profiling tool and/or the grinding worm in relation to each other in such a way that different areas of an axial section of the grinding worm thread (referred to as shape elements) can be profiled with different geometric elements of the active area of a profiling tool (referred to as tool elements). According to the invention, for this purpose, with the aid of a coordination matrix a tool element is coordinated with each shape element of an axial section of the grinding worm thread. The coordination criteria applied in this regard are, in particular, short profiling time and flexible changing of the shape elements.

Abstract: Coriolis motion gears can be produced in a mass-production manner and in low cost as follows: A ceiling surface of a body 8 is formed into a rotary table 9 and a drive shaft 11 is projected from a center of the rotary table. A slant portion 11a is formed at its end, and a turntable 12 on which a workpiece 13 is mounted is supported rotatably to the slant portion. The turntable 12 is rotated by the tooth number difference between the Coriolis motion gear pair A.sub.1 ' and A.sub.2 ' per one turn of the drive shaft 11 to determine a working position of the workpiece. Also, the workpiece 13 is maintained on the turntable 12 so that a swivel center P.sub.1 of the Coriolis motion gear pair is identical with a swivel center when the workpiece is installed into a gear device to take a Coriolis motion. As a result, the work surface of the workpiece takes a moving locus of the Coriolis motion gears integral with the turntable 12.

Abstract: The profiling tool (10) has a segment (12) of a worm thread. Its active zone (13) is coated with grains of hard material (16) and is crowned in cylinder sections coaxial to the tool axis (26). During profiling, the grinding spindle (2) and the tool (10) rotate synchronously. By appropriate correction of the coupling ratio by means of a CNC control when moving the tool (10) in axial direction of the grinding worm (2), the grinding worm flank (1) can be dressed with any desired topology. The method makes it possible to profile topologically modified grinding worms (2) at the grinding worm (2) rotational speed used for grinding, which was previously not possible.

Abstract: A method of bringing a gear member and a pinion member into mesh with one another without causing damage to either or both members. Each of the members of the gear pair has an axis of rotation and a plurality of teeth with respective topland surfaces with at least one of the members having teeth, and thus toplands, extending lengthwise at an angle with respect to the axis of rotation of said member. The method comprises moving one member of the gear pair from a pre-mesh position relatively toward the other member of the gear pair along a meshing path which includes relative movement along (1) a sliding path oriented in the direction of the angle of the toplands and (2) along an axial path in the direction of the gear member axis whereby upon contact between any topland surfaces of the members, rotation of at least one of the members will result thus enabling the teeth to be relatively positioned so that meshing occurs.

Abstract: A method for shaving and shave grinding tooth flanks of cylindrical workpiece gear wheels, especially, flank-line modified gear wheels, and for profiling tools needed for shave-grinding cylindrical workpiece gear wheels. During the machining of gear wheels, certain areas of the gear wheel need to be machined more so than other areas, meaning that some areas require more material to be removed than other areas. As a result, certain areas of the tool are not uniformly worn, but rather the area of the tool which removes the most material is worn more quickly than other areas of the tool. Similarly, if certain areas of the gear wheel are harder than other areas, the tool performing the actual machining will wear at a corresponding rate. The present invention avoids such non-uniform wear by providing greater areas of cutting surface on the tool performing the actual machining in the positions which are required to remove the most material, or which are required to machine the hardest surfaces of the workpiece.

Abstract: A sprocket trimming method for a multi-stage sprocket assembly is disclosed which includes the steps of: (1) aligning the two sprockets at a gear shift position where a chain is escaping from one sprocket and engaging with another sprocket and is being tilted at a tilting angle; (2) using a computer aided design simulation to simulate how the gear shift operation is taking place and thus identify the portion of the sprocket tooth that will be overlapped and/or interfered with the chain when the chain is moved from an escaping sprocket tooth to an engaging sprocket tooth; and (3) trimming the overlapping and interference portion of the sprocket teeth to a depth according to the following equation: ##EQU1## wherein: D is the depth of the overlapping and interference portion of the sprocket teeth to be trimmed, w is the pitch width of the chain, Lc is the pitch length of the chain, .theta.

Abstract: In a stand (1), a work-piece spindle (2) is mounted for rotation around a vertical axis (C). On the stand (1), a slide (3) can be shifted horizontally and on the slide, a work-piece carrier (5) can be swivelled around a vertical axis (C1). On the carrier (5), a slide (6) can be shifted vertically. The slide (6) bears a linear guide element (7) able to be swivelled around a horizontal axis (A) and on which a second slide (8) can be shifted. The slide (8) bears the grinding spindle (axis B) with mounted grinding worm (9). A dressing device (12) is arranged, relative to the axis (C1), opposite the work-piece spindle (2). The machine makes easy operation possible, because all parts to be operated are quite accessible.

Abstract: The device has a work-piece spindle (3) that can be shifted parallel to the spindle axis (C'). On it, in addition to the work-piece toothed wheel, at least one toothed dressing wheel is mounted on which the globoid grinding worm (10) is periodically dressed. On a tool-changer (12), a toothed honing wheel (18) is lodged rotatably on an additional arm (16); with it, the work-piece toothed wheel is honed after grinding. The toothed honing wheel (18) is dressed on the same or a second toothed dressing wheel. The device makes possible an efficient fine machining of toothed wheels.

Abstract: A precision grinding apparatus includes a grinding worm for precision grinding a case-hardened face gear. A shaper is first placed into contact with a face gear, to thereby shape a surface of the face gear into a plurality of face gear teeth. The shaper is then removed, and the face gear is case hardened. The grinding worm is disposed in a normal orientation to the case-hardened face gear and includes a spiral tooth extending along a perimeter of the grinding worm. The spiral tooth of the grinding worm is adapted to contact and precision grind the case-hardened gear. A dressing tool includes a protrusion for contacting the spiral tooth of the grinding worm, as the spiral tooth contacts and precision grinds the case-hardened face gear. The dressing tool thus maintains the shape of the grinding worm to within a desired tolerance range.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a device for regrinding tools having straight or helical grooves with the help of a positioning head, which is provided with a feeler pin, which engages a groove and which, in the direction of advance, is disposed in front of the grinding disk. In order to make it possible to regrind the tool over the whole of its length, it is proposed pursuant to the invention that a positioning head with two feeler pins be used, the first feeler pin, which leads the grinding disk, being retracted from the groove before entry into the groove outlet or, if this groove runs out into the open, before leaving this groove and the second feeler pin, which is rigidly connected with the positioning head, trailing the grinding disk and, after removal of the first feeler pin from the groove, taking over the guidance of the spindle sleeve of the spindle head of the workpiece.

Abstract: A method of machining one or more tooth slots in a bevel gear-shaped workpiece with a cup-shaped tool having one or more stock removing surfaces. The method comprises indexing the workpiece by rotation about a workpiece axis to bring one of the tooth slots to a final machining position. Simultaneously with at least a portion of the indexing, positioning the tool to contact the workpiece to commence machining the slot and infeeding the tool during the indexing while moving the tool with the indexing workpiece to maintain the tool positioned in the slot. The infeeding, movement of the tool, and indexing continuing at least until the final machining position is achieved.

Abstract: This invention aims to provide a method of lapping a bevel gear effectively by placing a gear-shaped tool whose axis has the same relation with the axis of the bevel gear as those of hypoid gears. In a double mode, gear-shaped tools are placed whose axes lie in a position offset with respect to the axes of the first gear and the second gear and have the same relation as those of hypoid gears. The first gear is engaged with one gear-shaped tool and the second gear is engaged with the other gear-shaped tool, while lapping liquid is supplied to engaging portions, thereby lapping engaging surfaces of toothed portions of the first gear and the second gear.

Abstract: The invention relates to an eccentric orbiting type planetary gear device which requires no pre-load adjustment for the bearing, and is small in the number of components when compared with the conventional device, and is improved in performance and in assembling efficiency, and a method of manufacturing the device.

Abstract: A method for machining of tooth flanks by grinding or milling respectively as to internally or externally toothed workpieces with a profile disk tool in a discontinuous indexing process. For generating flanks with complicated flank modifications it is proposed to perform during machining besides the known movements an additional movement that is composed of at least two portions, extending in different axes of the machine, whereby the individual portions are so matched that a prescribed distortion of the flanks results. There are embodiments for single flank processes and for double flank processes. It is also possible to generate topological flank modifications and flanks, of which certain parts are set back relative to the unmodified area of the flank. Basis for determining the tool- and workpiece setting data and the movements that the tool has to perform relative to the workpiece, is a simulation of the machining process on a computer.

Abstract: A process is proposed for recognizing thermal overstressing of a workpiece during grinding (overheating) by way of a grinding arrangement with a grinding spindle and a driving machine, the speed of rotation of the grinding spindle is measured, the measured value is supplied to a data processing device, a measure of the kinetic energy of the grinding spindle is derived therefrom and this measure is compared with a reference value characteristic of overheating.

Abstract: In the production of a crown wheel which can mesh with a cylindrical pinion if the axes of rotation of the crown wheel and the pinion are not parallel, the workpiece from which the crown wheel is produced and a generating tool rotate at a ratio in the speed of rotation which corresponds to the proportion of the number of passes of the tool and the number of teeth of the crown wheel to be produced, and the tool is brought into engagement with the workpiece and is moved in such a way along the workpiece in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the cylindrical pinion that the tool works the tooth flanks of the crown wheel to be produced. When the center point of the tool is moved in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the cylindrical pinion which can mesh with the workpiece, and the teeth of which form an angle .beta.

Abstract: A method of feeding a tool to a predetermined depth in a workpiece in a machining process for producing at least one tooth surface on the workpiece. The workpiece being rotatable about a work axis and the tool being rotatable about a tool axis and includes at least one stock removing surface, The method comprises rotating the tool about the tool axis and contacting the rotating tool and the workpiece. The tool is fed relative to the workpiece along a feedpath to the predetermined depth wherein at least a portion of the feedpath is defined by a feed vector comprising at least first and second feed vector components. The first and second feed vector components are positioned in a plane defined by the work axis and the direction of the tool axis with the first feed vector component being substantially in the direction of the tool axis and the second feed vector component being substantially in the direction of the face width of the workpiece.

Abstract: In forming a helical gear by grinding with a grindstone, the modification accuracy of crowing etc. is improved in such a way that the inequality .beta.>.gamma. c is established wherein .beta. is the helix angle of the helical gear to be ground and .gamma. c is the inclination angle of the grindstone, and the profile of the grindstone is designed to have a vertical angle which is equal to the inclination angle (.gamma. c)of the grindstone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing continuous corrections on a bevel gear, whereby by entering a plurality of corrections into the CNC control of the machine and interpolation between them, camber designs and even the designs of twists or the avoidance of twists on the tooth flanks can be performed by suitable superimposition of corrections on the inner and outer tooth tips with corrections of the plunger position.

Abstract: A machining process is shown and described. The process entails removing the water pump from the front of the block and replacing it with a block-off unit. The cylinder head is removed and replaced by left and right torque plates that are attached to each side of the block. The torque plates provide fluid connection of the smaller coolant passages on each side of the block with one another. The boring process is performed on the engine block when such engine block has been heated to a temperature at or near its operating temperature via the fluid passages. A boring machine may enter the cylinder bores thorough larger openings in each torque plate. The main bearing support (caps) can also be align bored during this process.

Abstract: A method for the precision working of the tooth flanks of gear-shaped workpieces with an abrasive internally toothed tool wherein the tool, after each workpiece or after several workpieces, is dressed in the same mounting with a dressing wheel, the tooth system of which corresponds with the one of the gear-shaped workpiece and the tooth flanks of which are covered with extremely hard grinding granules. To improve the tool geometry the dressing of the internally toothed tool is done with a one-flank or a two-flank contact between the dressing wheel and the internally toothed tool and with an electronic forced guiding of the rolling and relative movements between the dressing wheel and the internally toothed tool, and, the precision working in the free or in the torque guided two-flank engagement between the internally toothed tool and the workpiece.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for generating highly-accurate tooth surfaces of a globoid worm wheel without using a globoid worm hob. When generating tooth surfaces of a copper-alloy globoid worm wheel by grinding with an electro-deposition grinding tool including a cutting surface on which abrasive grains are embedded, the electro-deposition cutting tool then being finished to have the same tooth surfaces as a globoid worm which can engage with the globoid worm wheel, the generation of the tooth surfaces of the globoid worm wheel is carried out under such a condition that a maximum cutting depth of one abrasive grain is predetermined to be not more than a quarter of the average diameter of the abrasive grains.

Abstract: A method for the precision machining of flanks of gear-wheel-shaped workpieces, in particular those with convex teeth, using an internally toothed tool with crossed axes, in which simultaneous relative movements take place not only in three mutually perpendicular axes but also around an axis perpendicular to the cross-axes angle such that not only the tooth flanks of the tool and the workpiece have tangential contact with one another but also the base body of the tool and of the workpiece touch one another at a point of contact IV of which the position changes continuously, and a straight line g orthogonally penetrating the base body of the tool and the base body of the workpiece at the point of contact not only intersects the axis C.sub.1 of the workpiece or of its base body and the axis C.sub.2 of the tool or its base body (points III, II), but also passes through the center I of an ideal sphere K.sub.1 which adapts itself to the base body of the workpiece at the point of contact IV.

Abstract: The invention covers a method and a mechanism for the simultaneous machining of profile sections of one and the same work piece by two grinding wheels. Acc. to the method first the finish-grinding positions of the two grinding wheels (4.1 and 4.2) are calculated. After moving the two grinding wheels (4.1 and 4.2) into these positions these two grinding wheels (4.1 and 4.2) are profiled by the dressing tool (1) to generate a surface/roughness suitable for rough-grinding. Then the two grinding wheels (4.1 and 4.2) are moved into the calculated rough-grinding positions and then this operation takes place. Then the two grinding wheels (4.1 and 4.2) are moved into the finish-grinding positions followed by dressing to generate the surface/roughness for finish grinding. Acc. to the mechanism the grinding slides (14.1 and 14.2) are arranged in such a way that the two grinding wheels (4.1 and 4.2) have a common axis of rotation (15).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for dressing a hone of a honing wheel which is used for honing a gear to be finished. A dressing tool is brought into contact with the honing wheel under a predetermined constant contact pressure and during the reciprocal feed of the dressing tool. The amount of the contact pressure is maintained constant so as to gradually increase the in-feed of the honing wheel. This is useful in decreasing the number of transverse feeds of the dressing tool.

Abstract: A method of dressing a threaded grinding wheel comprising rotating the grinding wheel and dressing tool about their respective axes and bringing the tool into contact with a point on a flank of the grinding thread. The dressing tool is traversed along the width of the grinding wheel with the dressing tool maintaining contact with the point during the traversing to remove stock material at the point on the flank along the width of the grinding wheel. The method includes controlling the amount of stock material removed by the dressing tool during the traversing at the point whereby different amounts of stock may be removed in different axial sections along the grinding wheel width at the point thus varying the grinding profile at each section at the point of contact. The tool is traversed at successive points along the grinding thread profile to produce a different grinding profile at each section of the grinding wheel. A method of grinding spur and helical gears is also disclosed.

Abstract: A tool for producing crown wheels by means of a generating process comprises a disc which is rotatable about its axis, with machining elements which are provided on the periphery thereof and the cutting edges of which lie in the outer surface of a profile determining the shape of the teeth of a crown wheel to be produced with the tool, said profile extending essentially helically over the periphery of the disc.

Abstract: There is disclosed a globoid worm gear generating method in which the surface of a globoid worm generating tool is defined as the tooth surface of an intermediate gear by an inverted conical surface whose semivertical angle .gamma. is 90.degree.<.gamma.<180.degree., a relational movement similar to that of a globoid worm wheel is given to the tool so as to generate a globoid worm, and the worm wheel is generated by a wheel generating tool having a contour wholly or partially similar to that of the globoid worm, or in which the surfaces of a globoid worm generating tool are defined wholly or partially by two inverted conical surfaces whose semivertical angles .gamma. are 90.degree.<.gamma.<180.degree., and the major axes as well as bottoms of the two inverted conical surfaces are coincident with each other so that both tooth surfaces of a worm may be simultaneously generated. By this method of the invention, the globoid worm gears can be generated within a short period of time.

Abstract: A vibration member of a vibration motor and a method of machining the vibration member to form grooves therein. The bottom of each groove has the shape of an arc of a circle whose center is located on the side of a contact member, e.g., a rotor, so that burrs formed when the vibration member is machined are curved in a direction away from the base portion of the vibration member, i.e., toward the contact member side, and so that the burrs can be easily removed by barrel finishing.

Abstract: The conical internal teeth (7) of a spur gear grinding tool (2) mesh with the teeth (6) of a spur gear workpiece (1) or a dressing spur gear. The tool axis (4) forms an acute angle (.gamma.) with the workpiece axis (3). To grind and to dress, the spur gear tool (2) is fed relative to the workpiece (1) in the direction of the tool axis (4). In this manner an optimal tooth meshing between the tool (2) and the workpiece (1) over a wide dressing range and a constant finishing are achieved.

Abstract: Crown wheels (21) are ground on a grinding machine with the aid of a hobbing grinding disc (11) of ceramic material which is formed on the same grinding machine with the aid of a dressing crown wheel (13) with one or more teeth (14) provided with a dressing material such as diamond. The shape of said crown wheel tooth or teeth is in principle the same as the shape of the teeth of the crown wheel to be ground. The hobbing grinding disc (11) is mounted on the grinding wheel shaft (12) of the grinding machine both during its formation and during the grinding of the crown wheels, while the dressing crown wheel (13) or the crown wheel (21) to be ground is mounted on the workpiece holder (15) of the grinding machine.

Abstract: A shaving cutter, honing cutter or the like serving as a tool (T) matingly meshing at a crossed-axes angle (.delta.) with the toothed workpiece (W) during a precision working of crowned and/or conical tooth systems guided during a feed movement (V) at an angle (.epsilon.) inclined with respect to the workpiece axis and along same. The feed movement (V) is thereby superposed by an additional movement directed perpendicularly thereto and these two movements are coordinated in such a manner with one another that the working zones of the tool (T) are guided on a curve (55) which lies on a theoretical envelope (50) of the workpiece (W) defining the crown dimensions from one face of the workpiece (W) to the other. The working zones of the tool (T) have thereby at each contact point (K) a tangential contact with the workpiece tooth flanks (2, 3) to be machined.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus of unitary construction to fine-finish gear teeth. The apparatus is a worm having first and second end portions and first and second outer surfaces. The first and second surfaces define a common tooth profile. The first end portion is adapted for grinding and the second end portion is adapted for finishing.

Abstract: Gear-shaped precision-working tools, in particular shaving gears, capable of providing an optimum machining result only during a portion of their entire lifetime, since during each regrinding (generating), the profile displacement factor, and thus the number of the tooth flanks which engage successively and simultaneously one after the other the workpiece gear to be machined, is changed. This is remedied with the invention in such a manner that the precision-working tool is reground (generated) while maintaining the original number of teeth (z) and the original normal module of the pitch angle (.beta.), the module in transverse section and the base circle diameter are changed in such a manner that little or no change occurs to an original profile displacement factor (x).

Abstract: A gear finishing apparatus includes a bed having a horizontally extending guide member and a vertically extending guide member, a grinding wheel support unit movable along the horizontally extending guide member and having a grinding wheel unit, a ring-shaped grinding wheel in the form of an internal gear rotatably supported on the grinding wheel head for rotation about a substantially vertical axis, a first actuator for moving the grinding wheel support unit along the horizontally extending guide member, a workpiece support unit movable along the vertically extending guide member, the workpiece support unit having a holding device for holding a gear blank having external gear teeth for rotation about a substantially vertical axis, a second actuator for moving the workpiece support unit along the vertically extending guide member to move the gear blank into and out of the grinding wheel, and a third actuator for rotating the grinding wheel to hone the gear teeth of the gear blank while the gear blank is being

Abstract: A gauge head is attached to the grindstone holder of an NC gear grinding machine, and the tooth profile, tooth trace, gear pitch, etc. of a ground gear are measured on the NC gear grinding machine by actuating the control functions of various parts provided on the machine without detaching the gear from the machine. The gauge head attached to the grindstone holder can be retracted from a position where the gauge head contacts with the tooth flank located between the grinder and the gear of the ground gear on the grinding machine to a position where the gauge head does not interfere with the wheel during grinding operation, so that the wheel need not be detached from the machine even during the gear measurement.