Abstract: A low-noise switching voltage regulator for supplying a voltage to a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier is disclosed. In one embodiment, the invention can be conceptualized as a power amplifier supply circuit, comprising a pair of oppositely polarized semiconductor switches, and a data formatter configured to supply a data stream having a voltage transition on at least every other bit to each of the pair of oppositely polarized semiconductor switches.

Abstract: A radio transmission power control circuit includes a radio frequency (rf) downconverter that produces a downconverter output representative of the difference between a first downconverter input based on a transmitted signal of a radio transmitter and a second downconverter input based on a local oscillator signal. A receiver baseband circuit processes the downconverter output to produce an analog power signal representative of the transmitted signal. A digital to analog converter converts the analog power signal to a representative digital power signal. A feedback control circuit produces a transmitter gain control signal to control transmitted signal power so as to minimize the difference between the digital power signal and a power reference signal.

Abstract: Modulation-demodulation format selectable (MFS) processor, cross-correlator and transmit filter for processing, cross-correlating and filtering in-phase and quadrature-phase baseband signal and providing a first bit rate and a second bit rate baseband signal to a modulator and a transmitter for modulation and transmission of the processed filtered baseband signal. Transmit amplifier operated in a first radio frequency (RF) band for amplification of the first bit rate modulated signal and a second RF amplifier operated in a second RF band for amplification of the second bit rate modulated signal. Switch for selecting the first or the second bit rate or first or second modulation format signal and providing selected signal to a transmitter. Receiver for receiving transmitted signal. Demodulator and demodulator filter mis-matched to transmit baseband filter.

Abstract: An RFIC transmitter includes a digital transmit processing module, a digital to analog converter, a filter and gain module, an up-conversion module, a power amplifier, and a transmit signal strength module. The transmit signal strength module is coupled to generate a gain adjust signal based on a measure of transmit power of an outbound RF signal, wherein the transmit signal strength module provides the gain adjust signal to at least one of the digital transmitter processing module, the digital to analog converter, the filter and gain module, the up-conversion module, and the power amplifier.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided to generate calibration signals to multiple stages in a receiver channel. The multiple stages are calibrated using multiple calibration circuits, where a controller controls each calibration circuit. The controller is coupled to the output of the final stage in the receiver channel through a single comparison unit. The output from the single comparison unit is used by the controller to calibrate each of the multiple stages.

Abstract: The present invention, generally speaking, provides for high-efficiency power control of a high-efficiency (e.g., hard-limiting or switch-mode) power amplifier in such a manner as to achieve a desired modulation. In one embodiment, the spread between a maximum frequency of the desired modulation and the operating frequency of a switch-mode DC-DC converter is reduced by following the switch-mode converter with an active linear regulator. The linear regulator is designed so as to control the operating voltage of the power amplifier with sufficient bandwidth to faithfully reproduce the desired amplitude modulation wave-form. The linear regulator is further designed to reject variations on its input voltage even while the output voltage is changed in response to an applied control signal. This rejection will occur even though the variations on the input voltage are of commensurate or even lower frequency than that of the controlled output variation.

Abstract: A power system flexibly distributes power among phased array antenna apertures of a satellite (or other type of platform). By allocating the power provided by a power source among the apertures, if one aperture is not providing useful coverage (due to orientation, light traffic volume, aperture operating frequency and/or polarization, etc.), power being supplied to that aperture may be reallocated to one or more other apertures that are providing useful coverage. To flexibly allocate power among the apertures, power amplifiers and attenuators associated with each antenna element are adjusted to provide a wide range of RF output powers with high efficiency at all output power levels. By increasing power allocation efficiency, the size of the satellite power source may be reduced while appropriate power is still provided.

Abstract: A resonance circuit comprising, for example, an inductor and a plurality of capacitors is provided as a load of a transistor. The capacitors are changed over by a switch. As the capacitors are changed over by the switch, a resonance frequency is changed according to the invention the frequency hopping of an input signal. To cancel ringing that occurs at the time of the switching action, a transistor which cancels gate feed through is added to the switch. An inductor is provided at the gate in order to suppress a gain reduction and an increase in noise factor in a high-frequency range. This provides a compact, wide-band amplifier which has low noise, a wide gain and low power consumption.

Abstract: One of objects of a wireless communication apparatus according to the present invention is to realize stable communication regardless of received signal strength indication and information amount. The wireless communication apparatus for communicating in an autonomous distributed wireless network includes a detection unit which generates a detection signal by detecting a first wireless signal from a first wireless apparatus; a wireless circuit which receives a second wireless signal relating to said first wireless signal, transmitted from a second wireless apparatus which received said first wireless signal; a signal estimation unit which estimates said detection signal and the received second wireless signal; a signal selector which selects either said detection signal or the received second wireless signal, based on an estimation result of said signal estimation unit; and a demodulator which demodulates the signal selected by said signal selector.

Abstract: A cellular phone and method for receiving and transmitting signals of different frequency bands and wireless standards utilizes an architecture that allows the use of switches that are less expensive and less lossy than switches used in comparable cellular phones. The architecture also allows the use of only narrow-banded antennas, rather than a combination of a narrow-banded antenna and a harmonic antenna. As a result, the performance of the cellular phone can be significantly improved.

Abstract: A novel transmitter circuit is disclosed for receiving of an input signal and for providing of an amplitude increased RF output signal. Pluralities of switching power amplifiers are disposed along two signal propagating circuit branches and utilized for increasing a magnitude of the input signal, to form an output signal, which is a magnitude increased version of the input signal. Each of the switching power amplifiers utilizes switching elements having various magnitude increasing capacity and coupled to a control circuit for each being switchably selectable for providing of the magnitude increase to the input signal.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus 100 operates a high-frequency power amplifier 105 as a nonlinear amplifier in a first mode, and operates high-frequency power amplifier 105 as a linear amplifier in a second mode. When high-frequency power amplifier 105 is operated as a nonlinear amplifier, the input level of high-frequency power amplifier 105 is varied by a variable gain amplifier 107 in accordance with the average output power of a transmit signal. Transmitting apparatus 100 is also provided with a compensation table 121 for reducing error in high-frequency power amplifier 105 mode switching operations.

Abstract: The invention provides a signal processing semiconductor integrated circuit of the direct conversion system, which includes a dummy amplifier having the same circuit configuration as a low noise amplifier being the first stage amplifier, in which the DC offset calibrations on the subsequent stage amplifiers are carried out during shifting into the reception mode in a state that the low noise amplifier is deactivated and the dummy amplifier is activated. Thereby, the invention achieves to suppress generation of the DC offsets resulting from the leakage noises of the local oscillator during shifting into the reception mode, and to enhance the reception sensitivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an amplifier arrangement having a plurality of amplifier stages that form a series circuit. Each amplifier stage comprises a current mirror, the translation ratio of which defines the gain of the amplifier stage. Moreover, a current coupling-out element is provided in each amplifier stage, a partial current being output at said element, and the partial currents are added together in a summation element. An RSSI signal associated with the summed currents is provided at the output of the summation element. The RSSI amplifier arrangement provides constant and thermostable signal amplification, low sensitivity to overvoltages, and exhibits a low current requirement and good radio frequency properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to for processing an electromagnetic input signal, wherein the signal is passed through an input to be modified across a plurality of modifying segments using a characteristic of the signal, and wherein the plurality of segments have a plurality of states controlled by a control signal, by determining a reference impedance for the input for one or more states of the plurality of segments; and adaptively adjusting impedance of the input toward the reference impedance. This may be accomplished for example, by using a matching circuit comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of a digital signal processor, a microprocessor, a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, a phase shifter, a resistor, a variable inductor, and a variable capacitor. The matching circuit determines shifts in impedance of the input after a change in state of the segments; and adaptively adjusts the impedance based upon the shift.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a dynamic power control circuit for a wireless communication device, which comprises a power detector, a comparator, a low pass filter and an adder disposed between a radio frequency auto-gain control circuit and an antenna thereof. A reference voltage is imposed on the adder to enable the power detector to detect and output signal voltage to the comparator which compares the received voltage with a specified received voltage limit and outputs a reference voltage to the low pass filter for filtering out the noise of the reference voltage and outputting it to the adder. The adder then adds the reference voltage and the specified reference voltage, and outputs the result to the radio frequency auto-gain control circuit for controlling the output power corresponding to the strength of the received signals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for frequency conversion, comprising exactly one multi-band mixer (3) with means for transferring a signal (2) that is applied to the signal input of said multi-band mixer (3) from said signal's source frequency band to one out of a plurality of target frequency sub-bands at a time, yielding a transferred signal (4) at the signal output of said multi-band mixer (3), wherein said plurality of target frequency sub-bands defines at least a first and a second target frequency band, and a bank of switchable Variable Gain Amplifiers (VGAs) (5-1, 5-2) for amplifying said transferred signal (4), wherein for each of said target frequency bands, one switchable VGA (5-1, 5-2) is provided that is adapted to said target frequency band and is connected to the signal output of said multi-band mixer (3). The invention also relates to a method for frequency conversion.

Abstract: A wireless transmission circuit enabling modulation of RF power amplification includes a signal processing circuit for outputting a signal that is modulated and then amplified at a cascade power amplification circuit including a plurality of power stages, and is then wirelessly transmitted to and received by a computer system. The wireless transmission circuit includes at least a power-setting unit for controlling a specific number of power stages included in the power amplification circuit to be used in the power amplification of the modulated signal. When a wireless input device employing the wireless transmission circuit is used within a short transmission distance, a lower transmission power is selected via the power-setting unit; and when the wireless input device is used at a long transmission distance, a higher transmission power may be selected to achieve the remote transmission. The wireless input device could therefore have extended battery life.

Abstract: A wireless communication circuit in accordance with the present invention, is the wireless communication circuit having an amplifier for amplifying a signal, includes an amplification route in which the signal passes through the amplifier; a bypass route for bypassing the amplifier; and a route-selector for selecting one of the amplification route and the bypass route. This arrangement prevents an amplification of a signal, being transmitted or being received, when a communication counterpart is in a close distance, thereby reducing an unnecessary power consumption.

Abstract: Various embodiments are disclosed relating to wireless systems, and also relating to transmitter amplifiers, such as, for example, polar transmitter amplifiers with variable output power. According to an example embodiment, a circuit is provided including a plurality of selectable amplifier cells. Each amplifier cell may receive a phase or frequency modulated signal and an amplitude modulated signal. Each amplifier cell may output a signal based upon a combination of the received amplitude modulated signal and the received phase or frequency modulated signal if the amplifier cell is selected. The circuit may provide a variable output current or output power based upon the selection of one or more of the amplifier cells.

Abstract: A second single-ended receiver having a first stage for receiving an input signal and outputting a pair of corresponding output signals, and a second stage for receiving the pair of output signals and outputting a corresponding single output signal. First and second pull-down transistors are coupled to first and second inputs to the first stage. A bias circuit electrically biases the first stage, second stage, and first and second pull-down transistors, and a power supply provides power to those components.

Abstract: Radio communications apparatus according to the invention comprises a DAC, a variable power amplification unit including at least two variable power amplifiers, and variable power amplification control unit for controlling the variable power amplifiers. The variable power amplification control unit controls the variable power amplifiers in order to upgrade the accuracy of the apparatus and assures a smaller apparatus design.

Abstract: A multichannel wireless telemetry system is disclosed. The system includes a transmitter and a receiver in communication with the transmitter. The transmitter includes a signal processing chip. The signal processing chip includes a plurality of input preamplifiers, a plurality of selective second amplifiers, a subcarrier oscillator connected to the selective second amplifiers, a timing circuit connected to the subcarrier oscillator, a calibration circuit connected to the timing circuit, and a 1-of-several decoder connected to the timing circuit. Each selective second amplifier is connected to a different input preamplifier.

Abstract: Methods and systems for vector combining power amplification are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a plurality of signals are individually amplified, then summed to form a desired time-varying complex envelope signal. Phase and/or frequency characteristics of one or more of the signals are controlled to provide the desired phase, frequency, and/or amplitude characteristics of the desired time-varying complex envelope signal. In another embodiment, a time-varying complex envelope signal is decomposed into a plurality of constant envelope constituent signals. The constituent signals are amplified equally or substantially equally, and then summed to construct an amplified version of the original time-varying envelope signal. Embodiments also perform frequency up-conversion.

Abstract: A dual-mode analog baseband circuit is implementable on a single IC with reduced chip area. The baseband portion of the IC includes a single dual-mode complex filter that is reconfigurable to be a filter for Bluetooth signals or for wireless local area network (wireless LAN) format signals, such as 802.11b, and includes a single dual-mode amplifier that is reconfigurable to amplify Bluetooth signals or wireless LAN format signals.

Abstract: A high-frequency circuit device is provided that is conformable to both of the TDMA system and the CDMA system as well as a plurality of frequency bands and achieves low cost and low power consumption. The high-frequency circuit device has a configuration including a transmission amplifier circuit for transmitting high-frequency power from an antenna that is composed of a high-frequency amplifier that is shared in the TDMA system and the CDMA system, a duplexer that is provided for performing simultaneous transmission/reception according to the CDMA system, upstream and downstream switch circuits in the direction of transmission that are provided so as to sandwich the duplexer between the transmission amplifier circuit and the antenna and are switched on when the simultaneous transmission/reception is performed according to the CDMA system, and a bypass switch circuit that bypasses the upstream and downstream switch circuits and the duplexer.

Abstract: When a signal of GSM 900 frequency band is transmitted, a bias voltage setting circuit sets an optimum bias voltage for the GSM 900 frequency band to a first stage amplifier and a second stage amplifier. The transmission signal is amplified by the two amplifiers. A signal that is output from the second stage amplifier is supplied to a low-pass filter. The low-pass filter attenuates unnecessary radiation waves from the transmission signal. A GSM 900 frequency band amplifier amplifies the output signal of the low-pass filter and outputs the amplified signal. When a signal of DCS 1800 frequency band is transmitted, the bias voltage setting circuit sets an optimum bias voltage for the DCS 1800 frequency band to the first stage amplifier and the second stage amplifier. A DCS 1800 frequency band amplifier amplifies an output signal of the second stage amplifier and outputs the amplified signal.

Abstract: A self-tuned millimeter wave transceiver module includes a microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) having at least one amplifier. A controller is operatively connected to the MMIC for sensing amplifier operating conditions and tuning the at least one amplifier to an optimum operating condition. The controller includes a surface mounted microcontroller chip operatively connected to the MMIC.

Abstract: The present invention is an amplifier circuit that permits variable gain control, comprising an input terminal to which a high frequency input signal is supplied; an amplifier transistor to the gate of which the high frequency input signal supplied to the input terminal is supplied and which generates an amplified signal at the drain side; and a variable attenuator provided in a signal transmission line between the input terminal and the gate of the amplifier transistor, in which a plurality of attenuation units in which an attenuation capacitor and a switch transistor are serially connected are provided in parallel between the signal transmission line and a power supply, and the attenuation ratio of which is variably controlled by controlling the conduction of the switch transistor.

Abstract: A parallel operation system of transmission amplifiers enable the parallel running by the two distortion compensation amplifiers using the digital pre-distorter system and to provide a parallel operation system of the transmission amplifiers that makes it possible to switch to respective single running easily. The parallel operation system includes first and second transmission amplifiers which receive common input signals for outputting amplified signals from respective ones; and a coupling unit which combines outputs of the first and second transmission amplifiers, to provide as its output; the first and second transmission amplifiers each having a main amplifier; and a modulation unit disposed on the input side of the main amplifier; wherein the output of one of the modulation units included in the first and second transmission amplifiers is fed in common to the main amplifiers included in the first and second transmission amplifiers.

Abstract: A transceiver according to some embodiments of the present invention receives data from a plurality of frequency separated transmission channels from a complementary transmitter of another transceiver and adjusts the power output of certain channels in a transmitter of the receiver. Upon start-up, the power output levels of signals in individual channels in the transmitter can be preset. A power balance can determine new power output levels of the transmitter from parameters in the receiver while receiving data transmitted by a similarly situated complementary transmitter in a second transceiver coupled to the transceiver. In some embodiments, a complementary receiver of the other transceiver determines the power outputs of the transmitter and the power levels are transmitted to the transmitter by the other transceiver.

Abstract: An amplifier comprises a first amplifier circuit which amplifies a first signal to output an amplified first signal, a circuit which outputs a second signal corresponding to a difference between the first signal and the amplified first signal, a second amplifier circuit which amplifies the second signal to output an amplified second signal, a combine circuit which outputs an amplified signal by combining the amplified second signal with the amplified first signal, and a controller which controls a supply of a power to the first amplifier circuit and the second amplifier circuit and has a first mode to supply the power to the second amplifier circuit without supplying the power to the first amplifier circuit.

Abstract: Apparatus for boosting the signal between a cell phone (14) and a cell site (16), which includes an amplifier (64) that continually operates at a fixed gain. A power detector (72) controls an attenuator (62) that can be switched to pass the amplified signal through an attenuator (74) of moderate resistance, or through an attenuator (60) of zero resistance so the power output is boosted within the limits allowed under cell phone system standards.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for electromagnetic processing of an input wave involving receiving a modified signal derived from two or more signals that represent the input wave when combined; and regulating the modified signal using at least one analog signal containing a characteristic of the two or more signals. Embodiments of the invention may utilize in-phase and quadrature phase signals, where the magnitude portion of the signals may be used for regulating the modified signal. The modified signal may be created by modulating a characteristic of the I, Q signals, such as their sign, with an RF or other frequency carrier wave.

Abstract: A linear power amplifier (LPA) shelf for a mobile communication base station including a plurality of LPA types installed in one LPA shelf. The LPA shelf includes a signal dividing unit and a signal combining unit, which can connect either a single path or multiple paths. The LPA shelf further includes a first LPA type conversion unit and a second LPA type conversion unit, which perform a switching operation so as to use one LPA of six LPAs as either a redundant LPA or an LPA that amplifies a gamma sector signal. Accordingly, since a plurality of LPA types can be supported with one LPA shelf, it is possible to prevent service from being stopped and prevent the waste of time, cost and human resources due to the replacement of equipment.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for using an inter-modulation interference inhibiting line amplifier that reduces signal losses for signals transmitted between a transmitting element and a receiving element. The present invention inhibits inter-modulation interference by separating the component signals of a transmitted signal into their component parts. The component signals are then adjusted for signal losses. Such adjusting includes amplification, equalization, and passing component signals through a gain control stage. The component signals are then recombined and transmitted to a receiving element or another line amplifier. The signal received by the line amplifier may be a signal transmitted by a transmitting element or another line amplifier.

Abstract: Disclosed is a direct conversion type transmitter or transceiver circuit suitable for a mobile communication device which corresponds to broad signal output level variable width to be required by W-CDMA, which does not necessitate any high-performance low noise VCO and RF filter, capable of reducing a number of components and the cost. In the input portion of an orthogonal modulator composed of a divider, mixers, and a common load, there are provided variable attenuators. If an input signal level of the orthogonal modulator within the transmitter circuit lowers, this variable attenuator circuit is operated so as to lower the bias of the orthogonal modulator to reduce the amount of occurrence of carrier leak, and to prevent the signal during low output level and carrier leak ratio from being deteriorated.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit for radio communication includes a receiving-system high frequency block, a receiving-system voice band block, a transmitting-system voice band block, a transmitting-system high frequency block, and a power source control circuit for performing power source control to operate/stop each of the groups of circuits based on a power source control signal. The power source control circuit performs individual power source control for at least one circuit of the multiplier, the noise detector, the voice signal power amplifier, and the voice signal level detector, and also performs the power source control for each of the receiving-system high frequency block, the receiving-system voice band block, the transmitting-system voice band block, and the transmitting-system high frequency block, except for the at least one circuit subjected to the individual power source control.

Abstract: Methods and systems for vector combining power amplification are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a plurality of signals are individually amplified, then summed to form a desired time-varying complex envelope signal. Phase and/or frequency characteristics of one or more of the signals are controlled to provide the desired phase, frequency, and/or amplitude characteristics of the desired time-varying complex envelope signal. In another embodiment, a time-varying complex envelope signal is decomposed into a plurality of constant envelope constituent signals. The constituent signals are amplified equally or substantially equally, and then summed to construct an amplified version of the original time-varying envelope signal. Embodiments also perform frequency up-conversion.

Abstract: A power amplification device includes an input for receiving a signal having a useful or desired frequency band, and power amplification circuitry of the delta-sigma type connected to the input. The power amplification circuitry exhibits an order greater than or equal to one in the useful frequency band, and an order greater than or equal to one outside the useful frequency band.

Abstract: The present invention includes a transceiver and a method of operating the same that includes in the transmitter a power control circuit that operates on an analog differential signal containing data packets individually. The power control circuit initially transmits a series of data symbols with known values, periodically strobes the transceiver system for correct power levels and incrementally increases the power level of the transceiver until the optimal gain is reached, without exceeding the maximum output power.

Abstract: A plurality of amplifiers corresponding to a plurality of types of transmitting signals are provided to amplify the transmitting signals to a power level at which they can be transmitted by radio. The amplifiers are driven by both power and a bias. The bias is supplied to one of the amplifiers that amplifies a to-be-transmitted transmitting signal.

Abstract: A transmission output circuit can always perform correct transmission power control, and can detect the abnormality of transmission power, which interferes with other users, and part troubles, which cause erroneous transmission. The transmission output circuit includes transmission power control data generation means for generating a gain control signal for performing the feed forward control of gain control amplification means in order that the output signal level of the power amplification means may be a target transmission power output level, detection means for detecting the output signal of the power amplification means to obtain detected signal data, and judgment means for judging the existence of the occurrence of trouble in the transmission output system by using the detected signal data from the detection means.

Abstract: A power pooling apparatus uniformly distributes sector loads in a mobile communication system. The power pooling apparatus comprises a distributor for distributing signals output from a signal generator according to respective sectors; a radio signal processor for performing signal processing to provide an output of the distributor to an antenna; and an adaptive signal processor for determining a characteristic matrix of the distributor by using an output in a predetermined position on a signal processing path of the radio signal processor, and providing the characteristic matrix of the distributor to the distributor.

Abstract: A signal strength indicator circuit that includes a first amplifier configured to receive a first input signal from a first mixer and a second input signal from a second mixer;. The circuit also includes a second amplifier configured to receive a first set of differential inputs from the first amplifier. The circuit further includes a third amplifier configured to receive a second set of differential inputs from the second amplifier stage. Even further, the circuit includes an output port for emitting an output signal that is a rectified combination of the first input signal and the second input signal. Also, a method of processing signals input into a signal strength indicator circuit.

Abstract: A power amplification device includes an input for receiving a signal having a desired frequency band. The signal also has a transfer function associated therewith. The power amplification device further includes power amplification circuitry having an order greater than or equal to one, and signal amplifiers connected between the input and the power amplification circuitry. Each signal amplifier has a predetermined gain so that zeros of the transfer function are outside the desired frequency band.

Abstract: An input signal having an intermediate signal superposed on a DC voltage is applied to a variable attenuation circuit through an amplifier. An output of the variable attenuation circuit is detected by a detecting circuit. A DC voltage from the detecting circuit is compared with a reference voltage from a reference voltage generating circuit by a comparing circuit. Based on a comparison output, the amount of attenuation of the variable attenuation circuit is controlled, and after the output of the variable attenuation circuit is amplified by an amplifier, it is mixed with a local oscillation signal from a local oscillation circuit at a mixer circuit, converted to a microwave signal, and transmitted.

Abstract: A method and system controls transmit power by combining the advantages of digital attenuation and analog baseband step attenuators by calibration to overcome the limitations of analog step attenuators. The calibration technique uses highly accurate digital attenuators to determine the actual sizes of the analog steps as analog step attenuator is stepped through a range of attenuation levels. A method of calibration accurately measures attenuation steps comparison to a digital attenuator so that the attenuation actually realized by the analog step attenuator is accurately known. Therefore, the difference between the attenuation realized by the analog step attenuator and the desired attenuation is accurately known. The difference is realized in the digital attenuator and the attenuation resulting from the composite of the digital and analog step attenuator can very accurately realize the requested attenuation.

Abstract: The dynamic range is changed by switching a current applied to an amplifying circuit to obtain the minimum ICP required to keep linearity with the number of multiplexes even when the number of multiplexes of data is changed by switching the operation current of the amplifying circuits of the transmission system and also supplying the information about number of multiplexes of data to be transmitted to the amplifying circuits of the transmission system from the baseband circuit. Thereby, the signal can be transmitted without distortion even when the number of multiplexes increases and the current of the amplifying circuit may be reduced when the number of multiplexes is small in order to reduce the current consumption in the communication semiconductor integrated circuit device which can form a wireless communication system of the code division multiplex system such as W-CDMA system.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for down-converting and up-converting an electromagnetic signal. In embodiments, the invention operates by receiving an electromagnetic signal and recursively operating on approximate half cycles of a carrier signal. The recursive operations can be performed at a sub-harmonic rate of the carrier signal. The invention accumulates the results of the recursive operations and uses the accumulated results to form a down-converted signal. In embodiments, up-conversion is accomplished by controlling a switch with an oscillating signal, the frequency of the oscillating signal being selected as a sub-harmonic of the desired output frequency. When the invention is being used in the frequency modulation or phase modulation implementations, the oscillating signal is modulated by an information signal before it causes the switch to gate a bias signal. The output of the switch is filtered, and the desired harmonic is output.