Abstract: A method for an infrastructure equipment of a wireless telecommunications network, the wireless telecommunications network comprising a base station and a non-terrestrial network part, the non-terrestrial network part transmitting one or more beams to provide a wireless access interface for transmitting signals to and receiving signals representing data from a communications device within a coverage region of a cell or a spot beam, the method comprising: determining a location of the communications device, determining the coverage region of the cell or the spot beam, determining a relative motion, relative to the communications device, of the coverage region of the cell or the spot beam, and based on the location and the relative motion, initiating a cell change of the communications device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to satellite systems and more particularly, to the provision of a satellite system and method for communications applications, with global coverage. An optimal method of providing global broadband connectivity has been discovered which uses two different LEO constellations with inter-satellite links among the satellites in each constellation, and inter-satellite links between the constellations. The first constellation is deployed in a polar LEO orbit with a preferred inclination of 99.5 degrees and a preferred altitude of 1000 km. The second constellation is deployed in an inclined LEO orbit with a preferred inclination of 37.4 degrees and a preferred altitude of 1250 km.

Abstract: A method performed by a network node (160) includes serving a cell area by a first physical network node for a first time duration. The first physical network node uses an identifier of a logical network node. For a second time duration, the cell area is served by a second physical network node. The second physical network node uses the identifier of the logical network node. The first physical network node serves the cell area with a first frequency band and the second physical network node serves the cell area with a second frequency band.

Abstract: Provided is a transmission bandwidth configuration method. The method includes: configuring a first channel bandwidth (CB) of a carrier; and in response to determining that the first CB is greater than a first preset bandwidth, configuring subcarriers in a first TBC according to a preset percentage X of the first TBC in the first CB and the first CB, so as to complete a subcarrier configuration in a transmission bandwidth configuration. The preset percentage X is within a range of [a preset lower limit value, a preset upper limit value], the preset lower limit value is greater than 90% and the preset upper limit value is less than 100%. Also provided is a transmitting node.

Abstract: A disclosure of this specification provides a method for radio communication, performed by user equipment (UE). The method is comprising: connecting to a non-terrestrial network (NTN) satellite serving a targeted service area via a service link, wherein the NTN satellite is connected to a gateway via a feeder link; receiving, from the NTN satellite, information on service time of a serving cell; starting to perform neighbor cell measurement at a time point before end of the service time of the serving cell by a certain time, regardless of whether a cell quality of the serving cell meets a cell selection criterion S, wherein the NTN satellite provides an earth fixed system, wherein the information on the service time includes information on when the serving cell is going to stop serving the targeted service area, wherein the information on the service time is provided based on a Coordinated Universal Time.

Abstract: The present invention is designed to reduce the time it takes to form adequate beams, in communication using beamforming. According to one aspect of the present invention, a user terminal has a receiving section that, using temporally orthogonal radio resources, forms receiving beams and receives reference signals that are transmitted in different transmitting beams respectively, a measurement section that performs measurements based on the reference signals, and a control section that controls the forming of the receiving beams so that at least one of the reference signal is received in a given period set.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a wireless sensor provided inside a metal housing; a receiver provided outside the metal housing to receive radio waves from the wireless sensor; and a passive repeater provided between the inside and the outside of the metal housing. The passive repeater includes a receiving antenna provided inside the metal housing and a transmitting antenna provided outside the metal housing. The receiving antenna of the passive repeater and the transmitting antenna of the passive repeater are electrically connected through a hole formed in the metal housing.

Abstract: This communication device relays a relay signal to be transmitted to and from a first communication device and a second communication device, and is connected to a first apparatus. The communication device transmits the relay signal using a first transmission slot, and also transmits, using a second transmission slot, a signal having been transmitted from the first apparatus, said signal being transmitted within the transmission period of the first transmission slot in a frequency domain different from that of the first transmission slot.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted device collects and transmits sensor data to an external apparatus, a buffer unit that stores the sensor data. A determination unit that determines whether or not a predetermined condition is satisfied, and a controller that controls transmission of the sensor data by the transmitter to the external apparatus. The controller causes the transmitter to stop transmitting the sensor data collected by the collector to the external apparatus when the determination unit determines that the predetermined condition is satisfied, and causes, when a determination result obtained by the determination unit changes to indicate that the predetermined condition is not satisfied after the determination unit determines that the predetermined condition is satisfied, the transmitter to concurrently transmit the sensor data stored in the buffer unit to the external apparatus while giving priority to sensor data with a shorter delay time based on priority levels according to delay time.

Abstract: In a repeater device: a communication device receives position information of a forwarding source device and a forwarding destination device using a first communication scheme; based on the position information of the forwarding source device, a moving mechanism moves the repeater device to a position at which it is capable of communicating with the forwarding source device using a second communication scheme; the communication device receives data from the forwarding source device using the second communication scheme; a storage device stores the data; based on the position information of the forwarding destination device received by the communication device, the moving mechanism moves the repeater device to a position at which it is capable of communicating with the forwarding destination device using the second communication scheme, and the communication device transmits the data stored in the storage device to the forwarding destination device using the second communication scheme.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and non-transitory media are provided for low latency handovers. An example method can include receiving, by a user terminal associated with a cell served by a satellite, a schedule of communications between the user terminal and one or more satellites; requesting, based on the schedule, a handover from a beam of the satellite to a different beam of one of the satellite or a different satellite; processing packets transmitted over the beam of the satellite and/or the different beam of the one of the satellite or the different satellite; performing the handover from the beam of the satellite to the different beam of the one of the satellite or the different satellite; and after the handover, transmitting, by the user terminal, one or more packets via the different beam of the one of the satellite or the different satellite.

Abstract: A method for operating an infrastructure equipment forming part of a wireless communications network is provided. The infrastructure equipment is a non-terrestrial network part of the wireless communications network configured to transmit one or more spot beams to provide a wireless access interface for transmitting signals to and receiving signals representing data from a communications device within a coverage region of a cell or one of the spot beams, the spot beam forming a cell. The method comprises broadcasting system information for receipt by the communications device, the system information including information relating to at least one of a cell or a spot beam of a neighbouring infrastructure equipment and a second spot beam of the infrastructure equipment, wherein the system information is broadcast in accordance with at least one predetermined condition.

Abstract: A system, in a programmable active reflector (AR) device associated with a first radio frequency (RF) device and a second RF device, receives a request and associated metadata from the second RF device via a first antenna array. Based on the received request and associated metadata, one or more antenna control signals are received from the first RF device. The programmable AR device is dynamically selected and controlled by the first RF device based on a set of criteria. A controlled plurality of RF signals is transmitted, via a second antenna array, to the second RF device within a transmission range of the programmable AR device based on the associated metadata. The controlled plurality of RF signals are cancelled at the second RF device based on the associated metadata.

Abstract: Methods, systems and devices for resource reservations for relay nodes in 5G and New Radio (NR) networks are described. An exemplary method for wireless communication includes performing a first set of communications between a first relay node and at least one parent of the first relay node using transmission resources that are determined by at least a first type of resources, and performing a second set of communications between the first relay node and at least one child node of the first relay node using transmission resources that are determined by at least a second type of resources. Another exemplary method for wireless communication includes receiving a slot format message from a parent of the first relay node, where the slot format message is effective in a time offset, which is based on a hop index of the first relay node.

Abstract: A system, in a programmable active reflector (AR) device associated with a first radio frequency (RF) device and a second RF device, receives a request and associated metadata from the second RF device via a first antenna array. Based on the received request and associated metadata, one or more antenna control signals are received from the first RF device. The programmable AR device is dynamically selected and controlled by the first RF device based on a set of criteria. A controlled plurality of RF signals is transmitted, via a second antenna array, to the second RF device within a transmission range of the programmable AR device based on the associated metadata. The controlled plurality of RF signals are cancelled at the second RF device based on the associated metadata.

Abstract: A mobile wireless device includes a wireless communication component, a mobility component configured to adjust a spatial placement of the mobile wireless device, a navigation circuit coupled to the mobility component, and an image sensor communicatively coupled to the wireless communication component. The navigation circuit is configured to control the mobility component to cause movement of the mobile wireless device through the space. The wireless communication component is to transmit image data via a wireless network as the mobile wireless device moves through the space.

Abstract: A system, in a programmable active reflector (AR) device associated with a first radio frequency (RF) device and a second RF device, receives a request and associated metadata from the second RF device via a first antenna array. Based on the received request and associated metadata, one or more antenna control signals are received from the first RF device. The programmable AR device is dynamically selected and controlled by the first RF device based on a set of criteria. A controlled plurality of RF signals is transmitted, via a second antenna array, to the second RF device within a transmission range of the programmable AR device based on the associated metadata. The controlled plurality of RF signals are cancelled at the second RF device based on the associated metadata.

Abstract: This application proposes multi-beam antenna systems using spherical lens are proposed, with high isolation between antenna ports and compatible to 2×2, 4×4, 8×8 MIMO transceivers. Several compact multi-band multi-beam solutions (with wideband operation, 40%+, in each band) are achieved by creating dual-band radiators movable on the track around spherical lens and by placing of lower band radiators between spherical lenses. By using of secondary lens for high band radiators, coupling between low band and high band radiators is reduced. Beam tilt range and side lobe suppression are improved by special selection of phase shift and rotational angle of radiators. Resultantly, a wide beam tilt range (0-40 degree) is realized in proposed multi-beam antenna systems. Each beam can be individually tilted. Based on proposed single- and multi-lens antenna solutions, cell coverage improvements and stadium tribune coverage optimization are also achieved, together with interference reduction.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) is configured to monitor control channels for a paging identity and in response to detecting a paging identity from a network node, to recover a shared channel allocation from a control channel from the control channels having the detected paging identity. A UE is further configured to receive a shared channel based on the shared channel allocation and to recover a paging message for the UE from the received shared channel, when the UE is in a second state different than an idle state, the paging message having a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) assigned to the UE from a base station, the UE in the second state has a radio access network connection.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer-storage media, for bandwidth allocation using machine learning. In some implementations, a request for bandwidth in a communications system is received. Data indicative of a measure of bandwidth requested and a status of the communication system are provided as input to a machine learning model. One or more outputs from the machine learning model indicate an amount of bandwidth to allocate to the terminal, and bandwidth is allocated to the terminal based on the one or more outputs from the machine learning model.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a signal routing method, performed by a processing module, for configuring transmission of a signal through a communications constellation comprising a plurality of assets, comprising: receiving an instruction to transmit a signal from a transmitter ground station associated with the processing module to a receiver ground station via the communications constellation, requesting and obtaining connection data from a network management module defining the available connections between assets in the communications constellation, determining, using the obtained connection data, a sequence of a plurality of assets representing an optimum route through the communications constellation for transmission of the signal from the transmitter ground station to the receiver ground station, and transmitting the signal from the processing module to the transmitter ground station.

Abstract: A ground station has a power management communication system for use with a satellite having one or more solar cells that generate solar power, an energy storage that collects solar power from the one or more solar cells and provides stored energy, and one or more electronic components. The power management communications system has a learning artificial intelligence algorithm that allocates solar power from the one or more solar cells and stored energy from the energy storage to the one or more electronic components, based on a number of factors including communication needs, adjustable parameters, and performance indicators. The user can indicate the desired communication to be achieved, and the system determines the appropriate operating parameters for the satellite.

Abstract: Provided are a method and a device for performing communication using a non-orthogonal code multiple access scheme in a wireless communication system. A terminal divides a terminal identifier into a first field, a second field, a third field and a fourth field and selects a first reference signal based on the first field and a maximum number of reference signals, a second reference signal based on the second field and the maximum number of reference signals, a third reference signal based on the third field and the maximum number of reference signals, and a fourth reference signal based on the fourth field and the maximum number of reference signals. Based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the third reference signal or the fourth reference signal, the terminal transmits contention-based data to a base station.

Abstract: To provide a management server capable of changing conditions corresponding to delay requirements according to a change in wireless communication environment, a management server (10) according to the disclosure includes an update unit (11) configured to update any one of an uplink allowable delay associated with an uplink flow sent from a source communication terminal to an application server and a downlink allowable delay associated with a downlink flow sent from the application server to a destination communication terminal by using a delay of an end-to-end flow sent from the source communication terminal to the destination communication terminal through the application server and an allowable delay associated with the end-to-end flow, and a communication unit (12) configured to send the updated uplink allowable delay or the updated downlink allowable delay to a wireless access node that performs resource scheduling by using an uplink allowable delay or a downlink allowable delay.

Abstract: An electronic control device acquires at least one of subject vehicle information, surrounding environment information, and road information, detects an abnormality that has occurred in a vehicle during an autonomous driving based on a first travel plan, identifying a cause of the abnormality based on at least one of a content of the abnormality, the subject vehicle information, the surrounding environment information, and the road information, determines a situation around the vehicle based on at least one of the subject vehicle information, the surrounding environment information, and the road information, determines a target stop position for stopping the vehicle in a stoppable location based on the cause of the abnormality and the situation around the vehicle, and changes the first travel plan to a second travel plan for stopping the vehicle to the target stop position.

Abstract: The present teachings include a method and computing apparatus for triggering synchronization of a satellite modem to a carrier frequency of a beam of a satellite, retrieving ephemeris information for the satellite and beam configuration information for the beam, calculating a velocity of the satellite per the ephemeris information, and adjusting the carrier frequency of the satellite modem when communicating via the beam to compensate for a doppler offset induced in the carrier frequency by the velocity. In the method, the satellite has a satellite type selected from a Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) or Low Earth Orbit (LEO) type of satellite, and the satellite type is different than a satellite type of an immediately preceding synchronization.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for selecting a relay in D2D communication. The method includes: determining, by a relay selection device, link quality of a first link of each candidate relay UE in a candidate relay UE list, where the candidate relay UE list includes at least one candidate relay UE, and the first link of each candidate relay UE is a radio link between each candidate relay UE and a base station; and determining target relay UE from the candidate relay UE list according to the link quality of the first link of each candidate relay UE in the candidate relay UE list, where the target relay UE is used for relaying data transmitted between first UE and the base station.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a client device may receive a discovery signal from a host device; determine whether to use a receive timing from the host device, an internal timing of the client device, or a combination of the receive timing and the internal timing to configure a reference timing; configure the reference timing, for transmission of a response to the discovery signal, using the receive timing from the host device, the internal timing of the client device, or the combination of the receive timing and the internal timing based at least in part on the determination of whether to use the receive timing, the internal timing, or the combination of the receive timing and the internal timing; and transmit the response to the host device using the configured reference timing. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the proposed technology, there is provided a method performed by a network device for enabling relayed communication in at least one direction between a first communication unit and a second communication unit in a wireless communication system. The method comprises the steps of the network device specifying a relay unit for the relayed communication, and the network device determining information for scheduling and/or configuring a first transmission of a data frame from the second communication unit to the specified relay unit and a second transmission of the data frame from the specified relay unit to the first communication unit, and the network device generating a trigger frame including the information for scheduling and/or configuring the first transmission and the second transmission.

Abstract: The disclosure provides for a system that includes a plurality of stations equipped for free-space optical communications (FSOC) in a network and a central control system. At least one station in the plurality of stations includes a wavelength selectable switch, an OEO module, and one or more first processors. The one or more first processors are configured to control the wavelength selectable switch, process an electrical signal that is extracted using the OEO module, and communicate with the central control system. The central control system includes one or more second processors that are configured to receive data regarding FSOC communication conditions at the plurality of stations, determine a path between stations through the network based on the received data, and transmit instructions to the plurality of stations.

Abstract: A communication device includes a positioning unit and a communication unit. The positioning unit obtains positioning information of the electronic device when the electronic device is turned on or off. The communication unit sends the positioning information to a base station of a communication operator of the electronic device at preset time intervals. Whether the base station has received the positioning information is determined. If the base station has not received the positioning information, the communication unit increases a transmission power for transmitting a signal and sends the high-frequency signal carrying the positioning information of the electronic device to a communication satellite.

Abstract: Described herein are devices, networks, systems, media, and methods used to collect WT information and to alter, based on or taking the collected information into consideration, one or more parameters used to control a mode of operation in which WTs decide to operate. In this way the relative portions of WTs operating in a first or second mode in one or more regions can be automatically adjusted by a network control node modifying mode of operation control parameters which are then communicated to the WTs in the region in which the modified WT mode control parameter is to be used. The wireless terminals than make a decision as to the mode of operation in which to operate using the modified mode control parameter and one or more signal measurements or other information available to the WT making the mode of operation decision.

Abstract: There is provided determining an availability of a connection to a mobile non-terrestrial access node of a wireless communication system, determining, at the wireless device, coverage availability estimates of the mobile non-terrestrial access node, and determining at the wireless device, if the determined coverage availability estimates indicate a periodic coverage of the mobile non-terrestrial access node, a power save mode or one or more connection attempts to the mobile non-terrestrial access node, on the basis of a time period according to a periodicity of the determined coverage availability estimates.

Abstract: A handover method performed by a terminal in a non-terrestrial network may comprise transmitting a measurement report including measurement results for neighbor cells to a serving satellite base station; receiving, from the serving satellite base station, connection configuration information for at least one target base station candidate and information on an activation time when the connection configuration information for the at least one target base station candidate is activated; and performing a handover to a first target base station candidate among the at least one target base station candidate based on information received from the at least one target base station candidate at the activation time.

Abstract: A communication system for an altitude changing object is provided. The communication system can include an antenna system having one or more antennas. The one or more antennas can be associated with a single fixed radiation pattern. The communication system can include one or more processors configured to execute a control routine to perform operations. The operations can include obtaining data indicative of one or more communication parameters associated with the altitude changing object. The operations can include determining a transmit power for each of the one or more antennas based at least in part on the one or more communication parameters. The operations can include controlling the antenna system based at least in part on the transmit power to communicate with a node in the communication network.

Abstract: A cubesat communication system implementing addressable data packet for transmitting information collected by the cubesat to one or more receive-only ground stations. The cubesat may transmit information to the receive-only ground stations according to a scheduler. The receive-only ground stations may receive information from the cubesat without sending any commands to the cubesat to prompt transmission and re-transmit to a central common station using a bent pipe streaming protocol. Information between the cubesat and the ground station may be transmitted via a connectionless, datagram network protocol.

Abstract: A radio communication system for transmitting data to a ground station includes plural stochastically distributed orbiting satellites with plural antennas traversing a portion of the earth's surface divided into zones. The ground station has a unique address identifying itself and the zone where it is located. A local area network associated with the ground node includes at least one satellite that stores the identity of a satellite antenna paired with a ground station antenna to form a radio link for transmitting data onboard the satellite to the ground station. Other satellites in the local area network store the ground node address and the identity of an antenna paired with an antenna in another satellite that also has stored the ground node address. A wide area network includes at least one satellite, each of which stores the identity of an antenna paired with an antenna of another satellite that has stored the ground node zone to form at least one inter-satellite radio link.

Abstract: An item-providing system supplies items to a user device for consumption at the user device via communication infrastructure. In one representative implementation, a user device includes a mode switching wireless communication module. The mode switching wireless communication module is adapted to receive a first paging signal via a first communication protocol when in a first mode of operation and adapted to receive a second paging signal via a second communication protocol when in a second mode of operation. The user device also includes a to-do list processing module. In response to receiving one of the first or second paging signal, the to-do list processing module sends a request to a remote network device. The request requests that one or more instructions be sent from the remote network device.

Abstract: Beamforming is used in wireless link communication to improve a wireless link through increased channel capacity and diversity by focusing a beam, such as from multiple antennas, in the direction of the receiver. Where the receiver may be capable of measurements relevant to beamforming, more particularly measurements that vary or are otherwise dependent upon changes in beamforming settings, reference to such measurements and corresponding beamforming settings may improve performance. In this Disclosure, a sink device transmits a data stream to a source device, wherein said data stream comprises the position of the sink device. The data stream may further comprise data such as link quality, heading information, or discretized location. The source device stores this data in a memory.

Abstract: A satellite telemetry, tracking and command system including ground stations, on-board units and a network control center. Each on-board unit is installed on board a respective satellite and is configured to compute a future orbital path of the satellite and determine when the respective satellite is within the visibility region of one of the ground stations on the basis of the satellite's positions and velocities computed and of the stored coverage data. When the respective satellite is within the visibility region of a ground station, the on-board unit may transmit to said ground station the downlink signals and receive therefrom the uplink signals; and carry out actions/operations corresponding to the commands received from the ground stations. The ground stations may be networked together and may send and receive information to and from the network control center.

Abstract: Display of an image projected on a projection plane is appropriately controlled. An information processing device is an information processing device including a control unit. Here, a projection unit projects and displays a part of an image to be displayed on a projection plane. In addition, the control unit included in the information processing device controls the image displayed on the projection plane on the basis of a display area of the image displayed on the projection plane specified on the basis of a relative positional relationship between a projection unit and the projection plane and control information associated with the image to be displayed.

Abstract: A method for wireless communication includes transferring uplink data to a movable object during a first time slot, measuring channel quality associated with one or more frequency channels during a second time slot to select a working frequency channel from the one or more frequency channels, and receiving downlink data from the remote terminal using the working frequency channel during a third time slot. The first, second, and third time slots do not overlap each other. The uplink data includes synchronization information for synchronizing data transmission with the movable object.

Abstract: A satellite system may have a constellation of communications satellites in orbits such as highly inclined eccentric geosynchronous orbits and low earth orbits. Satellite terminals may be used to communicate with the satellite constellation. The satellite terminals may have control circuitry that dynamically adjusts phased antenna array circuitry to steer antenna beams towards one or more satellites. Multiple antenna beams may be steered in different directions simultaneously. A satellite terminal may be used in simultaneously transmitting and receiving data from different respective satellites and may be used in transmitting and receiving satellite signals in multiple satellite bands. The satellite terminal may have an outdoor unit that is coupled to an indoor unit over a digital communications path. The outdoor unit may include the phased antenna array circuitry and transceiver and modem circuitry, whereas the indoor unit may cache media and serve as a firewall, router, and wireless access point.

Abstract: A telecommunications satellite payload includes a signal receiver (ANT) for receiving signals transmitted on an uplink, an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) for converting the received signals into digital samples, a modem (MOD), an inter-satellite communication device (ISL) and a traffic management unit (GT) configured, on the basis of resource planning information (PL), so as to transmit the digital samples either to the modem (MOD) in order to be demodulated or to the inter-satellite communication device (ISL) in order to be transmitted to a recipient satellite responsible for demodulating the digital samples.

Abstract: Power consumption by a communication satellite may be reduced by operating in a transmission time interval (TTI) gating mode, in which an on period is provided for the satellite to transmit a reference signal (RS), control signals, and a portion of data within an on period through a forward link to a user terminal (UT), followed by an off period in which forward link transmission ceases. During the off period of the TTI, the satellite may turn off its forward link power amplifier and cease transmission of data to the UT. A gateway may send a signal enabling the TTI gating mode, as well as information specifying the TTI gating configuration, such as the length of the on or off period of the TTI, to the satellite.

Abstract: Method for determining high-throughput-satellite (HTS) system user downlink signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratios (SNIRs) and SNIR distributions is provided, including a procedure for estimating parameters of one spot beam and that for multiple co-color spot beams, and the projection of the satellite antenna radiation patterns onto Earth to form the spot beam power spatial distributions that lead to the SNIRs and SNIR distributions of stationary or mobile user terminals (UTs) in clear sky (CS) line-of-sight (LOS) propagation channel conditions. The estimation precision is controllable. The method is implemented in a programming language run on computational hardware with built-in or connected user interface (UI) devices including desktops, laptops, severs or super-computers. It can be used alone or as part of a simulation package or part of a system operation management software of the control gateway (GW) in the HTS system for system downlink designs.

Abstract: Radio communications systems use 100 to 200 satellites in random low-earth orbits distributed over a predetermined range of north and south latitudes. The satellites themselves create a radio route between ground stations via radio links between multiple satellites by virtue of onboard global navigation satellite system circuitry for determining the location of the satellite and route creation circuitry for calculating in real time the direction from the satellite's location at a particular instant to a destination ground station. Directional antennas in the satellites transmit routing radio signals to enhance the probability of reception by other satellites. One embodiment facilitates the creation of satellite-to-satellite links by assigning each satellite a unique identifier, storing orbital information defining the locations of all of the orbiting satellites in the system at any particular time, and including in the radio signal the unique identifier associated with the transmitting satellite.

Abstract: A satellite communication system includes a communication terminal, and a ground station. The ground station is configured to communicate with the communication terminal through a satellite communication path between the ground station and the communication terminal via a satellite. The ground station includes a diversity switch, and an electronic controller. The diversity switch is configured to switch the satellite communication path from a first satellite communication path to a second satellite communication path different from the first satellite communication path. The electronic controller is configured to determine whether a predetermined switching condition is satisfied based on signal attenuations of the first and second satellite communication paths. The electronic controller is further configured to control the diversity switch to switch the satellite communication path upon elapsing a first predetermined time period after determining that the predetermined switching condition is satisfied.

Abstract: An observation satellite is used for obtaining information about electromagnetic energy emitted from the earth. The observation satellite orbits the earth in an orbit having an inclination larger than 90° and smaller than 270°. Further, the observation satellite comprises at least one receiving antenna, the at least one receiving antenna having a receiving pattern directed towards the earth, and suitable for receiving electromagnetic energy in the radio frequency range as the observation satellite is orbiting relative to the surface of the earth. The observation satellite also comprises a transmitter configured for at least one of: (i) retransmitting, to a relay spacecraft, the received electromagnetic energy, (ii) transmitting, to the relay spacecraft, information representing the received electromagnetic energy, and (iii) transmitting, to the relay spacecraft, information derived from the received electromagnetic energy. The invention also relates to systems and methods therefor.

Abstract: A resilient virtual ground multiple-access (RVG-MA) satellite communication system includes a number of ground receivers in communication with multiple satellites. The RVG-MA satellite communication system further includes a number of processing units in communication with the ground receivers. Each processing unit can recover a downlink signal from a target satellite. Each ground receiver includes a small-aperture antenna and receives downlink signals associated with multiple satellites, and the ground receivers are distributed over a large geographic area.