Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing broadband signals to a portable user device is disclosed. Broadband signals, such as satellite radio signals, are received at a base station having a plurality of antennas. The content of the broadband signals are then encoded using space time coding (STC), and the STC encoded broadband content is transmitted from the plurality of antennas via a first wireless network protocol. The STC encoded broadband content can be received at a portable user device having a plurality of antennas or at a wireless access point having a plurality of antennas, which then transmit the broadband signals via a second wireless network protocol.

Abstract: A method is provided for transmitting a digital signal. The method includes generating a plurality of spatial streams from a digital signal and transforming the spatial streams into a plurality of space-time streams. Each of the space-time streams are cycled in the frequency domain among each of a plurality of transmit antennas. The space-time streams are wirelessly transmitted from the plurality of transmit antennas.

Abstract: An echo cancellation wireless repeater with first and second antenna arrays having vertical and horizontal feed antenna elements selects a combination of antenna elements for reception and transmission to reduce interference and improve the quality of signal reception. In one embodiment, the antenna elements are switchably connected to transceiver circuits and a combination of antenna elements is selected based on the best desired performance result. In another embodiment, the antenna elements are each connected to its own transceiver circuit and the echo cancellation repeater performs beamforming in baseband to select a combination of antenna elements.

Abstract: The invention utilizes small, narrow-band and frequency adaptable antennas to provide coverage to a wide range of wireless modes and frequency bands on a host wireless device. The antennas have narrow pass-band characteristics, require minimal space on the host device, and allow for smaller form factor. The frequency tunability further allows for a fewer number of antennas to be used. The operation of the antennas may also be adaptably relocated from unused modes to in-use modes to maximize performance. These features of the antennas result in cost and size reductions. In another aspect, the antennas may be broadband antennas.

Abstract: A variable Z0 impedance method (“Variable Z0”) for designing and/or optimizing antenna systems. The method provides that the value of an antenna's feed system characteristic impedance or apparatus internal impedance (Z0) changes as a true variable quantity during the antenna system design or optimization methodology. The value is allowed to be determined by the methodology, because different values of Z0 result in different antenna system performance. It is applied to any set of performance objectives on any antenna system wherein apparatus internal or transmission line characteristic impedance is an explicit or implicit parameter. Variable Z0 is applied to any design or optimization methodology. Structures include Yagi-Uda arrays, Meander Monopoles, and transmission line Multi-Stub Matching Networks, and can incorporate Central Force Optimization or Biogeography Based Optimization or other optimization algorithms.

Abstract: A multi-protocol, multi-band array antenna system may be used in Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system reader and sensory networks. The antenna array may include array elements with an integrated low noise amplifier. The system may employ digital beam forming techniques for transmission and steering of a beam to a specific sensor tag or group of tags in a cell. The receive beam forming network is optimized for detecting signals from each sensor tag. Narrow and wideband interferences may be excised by an interference nulling algorithm. Space division multiplexing may be used by the antenna system to enhance system processing capacity.

Abstract: A method of operating a relay station in a wireless communication system is provided. The method comprises the steps of determining a relay mode and transmitting a signal, received from a source station, to a destination station in the determined relay mode, wherein the relay mode is determined based on at least one of requirements for quality of service (QoS) of traffic, the number of times in which attempts are made to transmit a packet, and an amount of packets stored in a buffer of the relay station.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting reference signals in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method and apparatus includes reference signal, RS, transmission in resource blocks supporting multiple antenna port transmission, at least one broadcast channel being provided in resource blocks belonging to a first set of resource blocks, a first number of reference signals being transmitted in at least one resource block supporting multiple antenna port transmission and a second number of reference signals being transmitted in at least one resource block belonging to a second set of resource blocks. Preferably, different resource elements, REs, are used for each reference signal in resource blocks. An example embodiment of reference signal support of, e.g., eight antenna ports is provided.

Abstract: Various arrangements for mapping antennas to transceivers are presented. A plurality of antennas may be present. Each antenna of the plurality of antennas may be configured to communicate using different radio technologies. A plurality of transceivers may be present. At least some of the transceivers of the plurality of transceivers may be configured to utilize different radio technologies. A selector circuit may be present that is configured, based on input from a processor, to map each antenna of the plurality of antennas with each transceiver of the plurality of transceivers. The processor may be configured to control which antennas of the plurality of antennas are mapped to which transceiver of the plurality of transceivers. Touch sensors may be used to determine which antenna or antennas are likely to serve as effective electromagnetic transducers. Signal-to-noise measurements may be used to determine when to modify an antenna mapping.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for providing echo cancellation in a wireless repeater includes: adding the pilot signal to a transmit signal; receiving a receive signal being the sum of a remote signal, a feedback pilot signal and a feedback transmit signal; cancelling the feedback transmit signal from the receive signal using a currently available feedback channel estimate and generating a first echo cancelled signal; generating an updated feedback channel estimate using the first echo cancelled signal and the pilot signal as a reference signal; cancelling the feedback transmit signal and the feedback pilot signal from the receive signal using the updated feedback channel estimate and generating a second echo cancelled signal; and amplifying the second echo cancelled signal as the transmit signal. In another embodiment, the feedback pilot signal is cancelled from the first echo cancelled signal using the updated feedback channel estimate to generate the second echo cancelled signal.

Abstract: Determining transmitter antenna weights at a base station having more available transmit antennas than the available number of reference signals can be performed by transmitting reference signals and receiving channel feedback data derived by a mobile terminal from the reference signals. The reference signals are each assigned to one of two or more antenna groupings, wherein at least a first one of the antenna groupings includes two or more transmit antennas, and transmitted using at least one transmit antenna from the corresponding antenna grouping. A first beam-forming vector for the first one of the antenna grouping is determined, and mapping the one or more data streams to the transmit antennas according to a final precoding matrix that depends on the channel feedback data and the first beam-forming vector is performed, to obtain a weighted transmit signal for each of the antennas.

Abstract: A system to repeat MIMO signals in a network by orthogonally polarizing the signals and maintaining the orthogonal polarization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a layout for antenna loops having both functions of capacitance induction and electromagnetic induction, and particularly relates to the layout for antenna loops having both functions of capacitance induction and electromagnetic induction, wherein the capacitance detection elements are integrated with the antenna loops. In this layout for antenna loops, each of the antenna loops therein is separated into three sections, and there are several geometric structures fabricated in two of these sections. These geometric structures are capacitance detection elements. Therefore, the two sections are directly fabricated to be the capacitance detection elements because of these geometric structures. By this way, the antenna loops can be integrated with the capacitance detection elements and the capacitance detection elements do not prevent the antenna loops from receiving the electromagnetic signals.

Abstract: An apparatus and media are provided for more effectively utilizing modems in a WiMAX environment. The apparatus connects a computing device to a network-based information system through at least a first WiMAX modem that is located within the apparatus. A second WiMAX modem can be removably coupled to the apparatus so as to connect the first computing device to the network in combination with the first WiMAX modem. In the event the second WiMAX modem is removed, network connectivity provided by the first WiMAX modem is maintained.

Abstract: An antenna transmission control device has a base-station-side and an antenna-side multiplexer circuit. There is an alternating protocol transfer between these two multiplexer circuits to control components close to the antenna. The current-alarmed or protocol-alarmed signals present at the antenna-side terminals of the multiplexer provided on the antenna side can be measured or detected by the multiplexer circuits and supplied to the transmission link together with a terminal-dependent or load-dependent protocol.

Abstract: It is described a method for selecting a transmission mode for a radio data transfer between a user equipment and a base station of a telecommunication network. The method includes (a) determining the quality of a radio link, which extends between the user equipment and the base station, (b) determining the radio load within the telecommunication network, and (c) selecting a transmission mode based on the quality of the radio link and on the radio load. It is further described a control device for selecting a transmission mode for a radio data transfer between a user equipment and a base station and a computer program for controlling the described transmission mode selection method.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate creating antenna ports to correspond to two or more groups of user equipment (UEs). The subject innovation can organize two or more groups of user equipment and signal to each of the two or more groups a respective antenna port. The subject innovation can further communicate mapping information, a reference signal, or delay related to a linear combination in order to identify antenna ports. Based on such communicated information, the reference signal can be decoded in order to identify each antenna port.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method manage a transmission antenna system by measuring an antenna performance indicator of an alternate antenna configuration during a reduced data rate transmission. After an antenna performance indicator is measured in a current (first) antenna system configuration, the antenna system is configured to an alternate (second) configuration during a reduced data rate transmission and the antenna performance indicator of the alternate (second) configuration is measured. The antenna performance indicators for both configurations are evaluated to determine the optimum antenna system configuration for transmission. If the alternate (second) configuration will result in decreased performance, the antenna system is changed back to the first antenna system configuration. Otherwise, the alternate (second) configuration is defined as the current configuration and the first antenna configuration is evaluated during reduced rate transmissions.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for uplink transmission using multiple antennas are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) performs space time transmit diversity (STTD) encoding on an input stream of a physical channel configured for STTD. Each physical channel may be mapped to either an in-phase (I) branch or a quadrature-phase (Q) branch. The WTRU may perform the STTD encoding either in a binary domain or in a complex domain. Additionally, the WTRU may perform pre-coding on at least one physical channel including the E-DPDCH with the pre-coding weights, and transmitting the pre-coded output streams via a plurality of antennas. The pre-coding may be performed either after or before spreading operation.

Abstract: A broadband satellite having a payload subsystem configured to provide dual frequency conversion and bandwidth aggregation is communicatively coupled (i) to at least one gateway by a feeder link operating at a first frequency band; and (ii) to a plurality of user terminals by user links operating at a second frequency band. The payload subsystem has a first and a second frequency converter a satellite feeder link antenna feed, and a satellite user link antenna feed. The first frequency converter down converts, to a third frequency band, as an aggregated block, signals received at the satellite feeder link antenna feed from the gateway via the feeder link. The third frequency band is substantially lower than both the first and second frequency band. The down converted signals are routed to the second frequency converter for up converting to the second frequency band for transmission over the user link to the user terminals.

Abstract: Techniques for providing broadcast services on spot beam satellite are provided. These techniques enable the mission of a spot beam satellite system to be changed from providing spot beam transmission to broadcast transmissions, and vice versa, without requiring that the satellite be reconfigured. Broadcast data may be encoded and transmitted concurrently on a plurality of spot beams. According to some embodiments, the broadcast data may be encoded using a space-time code and/or forward error corrected (FEC) encoded to enable a receiver to correct errors in the signal received from the spot beam satellite.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an antenna switching system includes a (a?3) antennas and a selector. The selector selects b1 (2?b1<a) antennas out of the antennas at first timing, causes the selected antennas to configure an array antenna, selects, at second timing, b2 (2?b2<a) antennas including c (1?c<b1) antennas among the antennas used to configure the array antenna at the first timing out of the antennas, and causes the selected antennas to configure an array antenna.

Abstract: A communications system, apparatus, method, and computer program product for inter-satellite and inter-spacecraft crosslinks (ISL) with non-ISL optimized antennas where at least one component of the communications system has the potential energy to go into space. The system includes a mobile communications platform that includes an ISL antenna configured to transmit information through a non-ISL antenna of another communications platform. The non-ISL antenna does not track a trajectory of the mobile communications platform. The mobile communications platform includes a controller configured to determine a location of the mobile platform; determine whether the non-ISL antenna is within communications range; and prepare a signal for relayed transmissions through a non-ISL antenna to another communications platform in a signal format that is decipherable by this other communications platform.

Abstract: Various embodiments are presented for combining features of a Radio Access Network (RAN) and those of a backhaul link or Network. In particular, and unlike the prior art, certain hardware and software resources are shared by the two Networks as needed. Such resources may include, for example, radio transceiver chains, interconnects, interconnect matrices, and RF power combiners. These resources will be dedicated on a time and need basis to either Network. This sharing permits the economizing of resources. Also, the aggregated transmission power of the radio transceiver chains previously used for RAN communication can now be utilized for backhaul transmission, or the aggregated reception capability for multiple chains used for RAN communication can now be used to improve reception when receiving transmissions from the Core Network.

Abstract: A wireless repeater includes a receiver circuit implemented as an intermediate frequency (IF) subsampling receiver and a transmitter circuit implemented as a direct conversion (zero-IF) transmitter. The repeater further includes a reference receiver implemented as an IF subsampling receiver to sample a portion of the transmit signal prior to over-the-air transmission for use as the reference signal for channel estimation. Highly accurate channel estimation is obtained by using the reference signal from the reference receiver as the reference signal accounts for distortions in the transmitter circuit of the repeater. The repeater may include an echo canceller to cancel an estimated feedback amount from an input signal based on the channel estimation.

Abstract: An active channelized antenna system includes an antenna array operable over a multi-octave frequency band to provide one or more antenna output signals. An electronics module includes multiplexer circuitry responsive to the one or more antenna output signals configured to divide an input signal spectrum into a plurality of frequency band components each of less than an octave bandwidth. The electronics module includes a plurality of amplifiers each of less than an octave bandwidth to provide an amplified component signal for a respective frequency band. Combiner circuitry included with the electronics module is configured to combine the amplified frequency band components into a composite signal. A transmission medium such as a coaxial cable, fiber optic line or free space, is configured to transmit the composite signal to a remotely located receiver system. The antenna system may be employed as a repeater system.

Abstract: The invention comprises a satellite (1) having at least one transmitting and/or receiving unit (2), which has an antenna assembly (3) for transmitting and/or receiving air-traffic control radio signals (4), wherein the antenna assembly (3) has a plurality of directional antennas (6a to 6c), which each form a respective transmitting and/or receiving sector (7a to 7c, 22a to 22e) within a defined transmitting and/or receiving area (21) and are designed to transmit and/or receive air-traffic control radio signals (4) in the respective transmitting and/or receiving sector (7a to 7c, 22a to 22e) of the directional antenna.

Abstract: A transmitter system including: a bidirectional signaling (BDS) network having first and second networks for carrying first and second carrier signals, and having a set of n phase synchronous location pairs (ai, bi); and also including tunable transmitter circuits for driving an antenna array, each tunable transmitter circuit having an output line for carrying an output signal and first and second input lines electrically connected to the first and second networks of the BDS network at locations of a corresponding one of the set of phase synchronous location pairs, and including a multiplier having a first input electrically connected to the first input line of that tunable transmitter circuit; a phase setting circuit electrically connected to the multiplier for controlling the phase of the output signal of that tunable transmitter circuit; and an amplitude setting circuit for controlling the amplitude of the output signal of that tunable transmitter circuit.

Abstract: Provided is a portable wireless device having a plurality of antennas of different frequency bands. By positively using one antenna for improving gains of other antennas, the one antenna can be effectively used and the gains of other antennas can be improved. Patterns (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2 B3) for adding a band disturbing element (80) (high frequency blocking means), which is composed of beads and a parallel resonance circuit, are arranged at a prescribed position of a magnetic field antenna (50). The band disturbing element (80) may be composed of ferrite core or the like.

Abstract: A portable radio-frequency repeater includes a housing and a transceiver. The transceiver is disposed at least partially within the housing and configured to alternatively operate in a transmitting mode and a sleep mode. The transceiver includes an antenna and a control unit. The control unit is in electrical communication with the antenna. When the transceiver operates in the transmitting mode, the control unit is configured to receive an RFID signal from the antenna, convert the RFID signal into a converted RFID signal, and transmit the converted RFID signal to the antenna. When the transceiver operates in the sleep mode, the control unit is configured to detect an interrogation signal from the antenna and not to transmit any converted RFID signal to the antenna.

Abstract: An inexpensive method and system for maintaining communication between fixed receivers on the earth surface having fixed antennas and inclined orbit geostationary satellites. In preferred embodiments the fixed antennas of each receiver are provided with more than one feed horn (such as three or more feed horns) each positioned to form a beam with its antenna in a slightly different direction from beams of the other feed horns in the north-south direction. An algorithm is developed based on the known daily swings of the inclined orbit geostationary satellite which determines which of the feed horns provides a beam providing the maximum signal from the satellite.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for sharing antennas for high frequency and low frequency applications may include configuring a multi-frequency antenna system by coupling a plurality of antennas together communicatively via one or more frequency-dependent coupling elements. Radio signals may be received and/or transmitted on one or more radio frequencies via said configured multi-frequency antenna system. The one or more frequency-dependent coupling elements may be frequency-tunable, and may comprise microstrips, transmission lines, and/or RLC circuits. The multi-frequency antenna system may be configured for concurrent operation or time-division duplex operation during the transmitting and/or the receiving. The one or more radio frequencies may operate concurrently or in time-division duplex. The radio signals for transmission may be generated in one or more radio frequency front-ends, and the received radio signals may be demodulated in one or more radio frequency front-ends.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for transmitting a channel sounding signal from a user terminal in a multiple antenna system. In the method, a channel for each of a plurality of antennas is estimated. The receiving signal power of each of the antennas is calculated using the channel information obtained through the channel estimation. The antenna with the highest RX signal power is selected. Therefore, it is possible to enhance the signal reception performance of the user terminal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for increasing coverage and throughput in a wireless communication system. An antenna for use in a wireless communications system in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention comprises a plurality of antenna elements, an antenna selection switch, coupled to the plurality of antenna elements, and a control system, coupled to the antenna selection switch, wherein the control system selectively energizes the plurality of antenna elements to create a communications link to a device in the wireless communications system through the antenna.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for supporting different types of universal integrated circuit cards (UICCs). A user equipment may include an antenna, a contactless front-end (CLF) unit, an UICC, and a controller. The user equipment may selectively couple one of a the CLF unit and the UICC based on information stored in the UICC. The antenna may transmit to or receive from at least one external device, the CLF unit may provide near field communication (NFC), and the UICC may access a communication network and use a service from the communication network. The controller may determine whether or not NFC is supported by the UICC and selectively couple one of the CLF unit and the UICC to the antenna based on the determination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for monitoring an antenna system comprising at least two antenna branches providing antenna diversity. At least a first signal branch measure and a second signal branch measure are repeatedly generated in response to a first signal branch and a second signal branch received by a respective one of the at least two antenna branches, thus generating a first plurality of second signal branch measure values in a manner so that the first and second pluralities reflect the quality of the first and second signal branches, respectively, at different points in time. The first and second pluralities are analysed in order to distinguish any differences in the performance of the first and second antenna branches.

Abstract: Techniques for quickly sending feedback information for beamforming are described. A transmitter/initiator sends a first frame comprising training symbols. A receiver/responder receives the first frame, determines the amount of time to generate feedback information, and determines the amount of time to send the feedback information. The receiver then determines the length of a second frame carrying the feedback information based on the amounts of time to generate and send the feedback information. The receiver sends the second frame after waiting a short interframe space (SIFS) period from the end of the first frame, without performing channel access. The receiver generates the feedback information based on the training symbols and sends the information in the second frame when ready. The transmitter receives the second frame, derives at least one steering matrix based on the feedback information, and sends a third frame with the at least one steering matrix.

Abstract: Disclosed is a satellite beam pointing system that uses color encoded signals from subscribers to align antennas on a satellite and to align the satellite. Subscribers detect the signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio of signals that are transmitted from the satellite. The values of the signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio data are encoded in signals that are transmitted back to a ground station that color encodes the data and graphically displays the signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio of the subscriber received signals. The actual beam projection can then be determined and the satellite antennas moved, so that the actual beam projection coincides with the intended beam projection. Also, the satellite can be properly oriented using this technique.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating soft-decision output values for a set of transmitted spatial streams in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system are described. The apparatus includes a processor and memory with executable instructions. A plurality of constellation points for respective transmitted spatial streams are looped over to estimate values for other transmitted streams based at least in part on Reduced List Detection (RLD). The plurality of constellation points is a subset of all possible constellation points determined around a spatial stream where more constellation points are assigned to spatial streams with a weaker signal strength than for spatial streams with a stronger signal strength. A set of distance metrics as values of the plurality of constellation points for the respective transmitted spatial streams are determined. Soft-decision outputs for the respective transmitted streams based at least in part on the set of distance metrics are generated.

Abstract: One embodiment is directed to a distributed antenna system that comprises a hub to receive a plurality of downlink transceiver signals output from a plurality of transceiver units and to send a plurality of uplink transceiver signals to the plurality of transceiver units. The plurality of downlink transceiver signals has overlapping frequencies and contains different communication content. The distributed antenna system further comprises a plurality of distributed antenna units, each located at a respective a remote location. The hub is configured to route a respective downlink transport signal to each of a plurality of distributed antennas, wherein each of the downlink transport signals is derived from one of the plurality of downlink transceiver signals received at the hub. Each of the distributed antenna units is configured to transmit a respective downlink radio frequency signal derived from the downlink transport signal that is routed to that distributed antenna unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating and using a base station almanac for position determination is described. The base station almanac includes a number of records, where each record can describe a sector or a transmitter (e.g., a base station or a repeater) in a wireless communication network. Each record includes a protocol type field that indicates the one or more protocols supported by the record (e.g., IS-801, J-STD-36, GSM, W-CDMA, and so on). Each record also includes a unique sector identifier for the sector/transmitter for each supported protocol, where each identifier is defined based on the associated protocol. A record may also include multiple maximum antenna ranges (MARs), where each MAR is associated with a respective reference power level. One of the multiple MARs can be selected for use for position determination depending on received signal strength. The base station almanac further includes other features.

Abstract: A transmit switched antenna system utilizes one of several antennas selection protocols combined with feedback from a receiving device to take advantage of time and space transmission for the same information. A transmit device transmits first information over a first subset of a set of antennas and receives an ACK or NACK from the receiver along with a channel quality indicator. If a NACK is received, the transmitter selects a next antenna subset for transmission, based on the antenna selection protocol utilized. One protocol randomly selects the next subset and does not require the channel quality indicator. Another protocol determines the next antenna subset based on channel quality history, and a third protocol selects the next antenna subset based on expectation of retransmissions for different protocols.

Abstract: A repeating apparatus in a wireless communication system includes: a signal detection unit configured to receive a signal from a base station or a mobile station and detect strength of the signal; a control unit configured to compare the signal strength detected by the signal detection unit with signal strength predetermined by the system and provide comparison information; and an output signal control unit configured to receive the comparison information from the control unit and adjust and amplify gain of a signal transmitted to the base station or the mobile station.

Abstract: A switch element includes a switch device having a drain, a source and a plurality of gates, and at least one additional interconnect located between the plurality of gates, the additional interconnect operative to establish a constant potential between the at least two gates.

Abstract: A hybrid satellite communication system in which a hub station transmits signals to remote stations through a satellite at a relatively low frequency which is unaffected by weather effects and in which the remote stations transmit signals to the hub station at a relatively higher frequency which enables the use of more economical equipment at the remote stations. The hub station senses the signal quality or strength received from each remote station and transmits power control signals to remote stations with poor signal strengths to cause such remote stations to increase their output power to overcome weather effects. The power control signals are transmitted on the lower frequency to prevent the power control signals from being masked by the weather effects.

Abstract: A base station includes a receiver receiving feedback information including a preferred weight determined by a user equipment (UE); a processor multiplying a weight and data to be transmitted; a transmitter including two antennas and transmitting the weight multiplied data to the UE through a specific physical downlink shared channel where a MIMO transmission scheme for a HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel) is applied, the transmitter transmitting feed-forward information through a downlink shared control channel when the data is transmitted using the MIMO transmission scheme for the HS-DSCH, wherein the weight applied to the specific physical downlink shared channel is adjusted at a subframe boundary of the specific physical downlink shared channel and the feed-forward information is transmitted through a subframe of the downlink shared control channel corresponding to the specific subframe of the specific physical downlink shared channel.

Abstract: A method for providing precoding weights for data symbols of data control subframes includes generating a downlink frame having control subframes which individually correspond to one of a plurality of downlink data subframes, and inserting weight information into each of the control subframes, such that the weight information is to be applied to data symbols present in the corresponding one of the data subframes. The method further includes transmitting the control subframes and the inserted weight information to a receiving device.

Abstract: An assembly of a low-noise block converter and a filter for a satellite antenna includes a low-noise block converter, a filter, and a connecting component. The low-noise block converter includes an output circuit, and the filter includes a filtering circuit. The connecting component includes a sleeve part for engaging threadedly the low-noise block converter and the filter, and a core extending through the sleeve part and interconnecting electrically the output circuit and the filtering circuit. By virtue of the sleeve part of the connecting component, connection between the low-noise block converter and the filter can be reinforced to reduce interference. The sleeve part can also serve as a ground circuit between the low-noise block converter and the filter so as to shorten a ground path, thereby reducing signal loss.

Abstract: A data transmission method and system is provided. Symbols to be transmitted are encoded (200) in a first transceiver into at least two data flows using space-time coding. The data flows are transmitted by means of at least three radiation patterns (218 to 224) to a second transceiver (230). The radiation patterns (218 to 224) transmitting the data flows in the first transceiver are varied.

Abstract: A Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna device is adapted for connecting electrically to a radio frequency (RF) circuit for transmitting and receiving RF signals. The MIMO antenna device includes a circuit board, a plurality of antenna units, and a plurality of multiplexer units. The antenna units are disposed on the circuit board proximate to a peripheral edge thereof, are arranged in a loop formation, and are divided into a plurality of groups of the antenna units. Each of the multiplexer units is connected electrically to a respective one of the groups of the antenna units for selecting one of the corresponding antenna units and for connecting electrically the selected one of the corresponding antenna units to the RF circuit, thereby achieving the MIMO technique with the independently and simultaneously operating antenna units.