Abstract: An on-vehicle transmission system includes: an antenna-side circuit unit including a plurality of wireless circuits connected in series and configured to receive radio signals in frequency bands different from each other, the antenna-side circuit unit configured to combine the radio signals received by the respective wireless circuits and output a resultant radio signal; and a path part configured to transmit the radio signal resulting from the combination and received from the antenna-side circuit unit, to an on-vehicle device side mounted on the vehicle, wherein, in the antenna-side circuit unit, each wireless circuit is connected according to an order determined for each wireless circuit.

Abstract: Active antennas are provided that include a housing having a front surface, first and second side surfaces and a rear surface, where the front surface comprises a radome and the first and second side surfaces comprise respective first and second thermally-conducting frame members. These antennas further include at least one radio that is completely mounted within an interior of the housing. Each of the first and second thermally-conducting frame members includes a plurality of outwardly extending fins.

Abstract: Provided is a full-time duplex system. The system includes: a receiving antenna (107), a transmitting antenna (108), a transmitting channel (109), an LNA (106), a mode determination unit (101), a power detection amplitude phase adjustment unit (102), an RSSI detection amplitude phase adjustment unit (103) and an amplitude phase unit (104); the power detection amplitude phase adjustment unit (102) is electrically connected between the receiving antenna (107) and the low noise amplifier (106) and also between the transmitting antenna (108) and the transmitting channel (109); the mode determination unit (101) notifies, according to a power range which a signal transmitting power of the full-time duplex system belongs to, one of the power detection amplitude phase adjustment unit (102) or the RSSI detection amplitude phase adjustment unit (103) of controlling the amplitude phase unit (104) to adjust an amplitude and a phase of a transmitting cancellation signal.

Abstract: A wireless communication device includes a transmission radio frequency (RF) chain configured to transmit a radio signal, and processing circuitry configured to cause the wireless communication device to detect that the transmission RF chain has transited from an inactive state to a first active state, determine whether to detect an updated value of a phase of a self-interference signal in response to detecting that the transmission RF chain has transited from the inactive state to the first active state, and modify a weight vector of an adaptive filter corresponding to the self-interference signal based on the updated value of the phase or a previous value of the phase.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards a system for monitoring telephony communications in real time, comprising: first user communication devices and second user communication devices are connected to a first provider communication device and a second provider communication device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for interference cancelation in a radio frequency communications device are described. In various embodiments a signal to be transmitted in converted into an optical signal and processed using an optical filter assembly including one or more optical filters to generate an optical interference cancelation signal. The optical interference cancelation signal is converted into an analog radio frequency interference cancelation signal using an optical to electrical converter prior to the analog radio frequency interference cancelation signal being combined with a received signal to cancel interference, e.g., self interference. The optical filter assembly can include a large number of taps, e.g., 30, 50, 100 or more. Each tap may be implemented as a separate optical filter or series of optical filters. Delays and/or gain of the optical filters can be controlled dynamically based on channel estimates which may change due to changes in the environment and/or communications device position.

Abstract: A communication device is provided that includes a receiver configured to receive a signal. The communication device further includes a circuit configured to determine an interference reference signal based on an interference signal, to multiply the received signal with the interference reference signal in the time domain to form a multiplication signal and to filter the multiplication signal to form a filtered signal.

Abstract: An active repeater device includes a primary sector and one or more secondary sectors, receives a first beam of input RF signals. A first set of analog baseband signals, are generated based on received first beam of input RF signals. The first set of analog baseband signals are converted to a first set of coded data signals and control information is extracted from the first set of coded data signals by decoding only a header portion of the first set of coded data signals without demodulation of data portion of the first set of coded data signals. Based on the extracted control information, the first set of coded data signals are transmitted as beams of output RF signals to remote user equipment. The transmission is independent of demodulation of the data portion within the active repeater device to reduce latency for transmission of the first set of coded data signals.

Abstract: An active repeater device includes a primary sector and one or more secondary sectors, receives a first beam of input RF signals. A first set of analog baseband signals, are generated based on received first beam of input RF signals. The first set of analog baseband signals are converted to a first set of coded data signals and control information is extracted from the first set of coded data signals by decoding only a header portion of the first set of coded data signals without demodulation of data portion of the first set of coded data signals. Based on the extracted control information, the first set of coded data signals are transmitted as beams of output RF signals to remote user equipment. The transmission is independent of demodulation of the data portion within the active repeater device to reduce latency for transmission of the first set of coded data signals.

Abstract: An active repeater device includes a primary sector and one or more secondary sectors, receives a first beam of input RF signals. A first set of analog baseband signals, are generated based on received first beam of input RF signals. The first set of analog baseband signals are converted to a first set of coded data signals and control information is extracted from the first set of coded data signals by decoding only a header portion of the first set of coded data signals without demodulation of data portion of the first set of coded data signals. Based on the extracted control information, the first set of coded data signals are transmitted as beams of output RF signals to remote user equipment. The transmission is independent of demodulation of the data portion within the active repeater device to reduce latency for transmission of the first set of coded data signals.

Abstract: Various embodiments include methods and systems having detection apparatus operable to cancel or reduce leakage signal originating from a source signal being generated and transmitted from a transmitter. A leakage cancellation signal can be generated digitally, converted to an analog signal, and then subtracted in the analog domain from a received signal to provide a leakage-reduced signal for use in detection and analysis of objects. A digital cancellation signal may be generated by generating a cancellation signal in the frequency domain and converting it to the time domain. Optionally, an estimate of a residual leakage signal can be generated and applied to reduce residual leakage remaining in the leakage-reduced signal. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods can be implemented in a variety of applications.

Abstract: A repeater system including one or more donor antennas, one or more server antennas and a repeater integrated with a pole.

Abstract: A mobile telecommunication wireless repeater includes: a combination stage for combining a received signal with a feedback cancellation signal; a comparison stage for comparing an input signal of the combination stage with an output signal of the combination stage and determining a weighted value and a time offset value for a feedback signal to be cancelled, based on the comparison; and a recombination stage comprising one or more adaptive filters and configured to receive the weighted value and the time offset value and generate the feedback cancellation signal according to the weighted value and the time offset value.

Abstract: A method for controlling a link in cooperative communication includes: confirming that a beneficial user equipment and a pre-supportive user equipment have a capability of performing cooperative communication; separately sending a first-hop link setup request to the beneficial user equipment and the pre-supportive user equipment, so that the beneficial user equipment and the pre-supportive user equipment establish first-hop physical links according to the first-hop link setup request; separately receiving initial measurement information that is sent by the pre-supportive user equipment and/or the beneficial user equipment after the pre-supportive user equipment and/or the beneficial user equipment performs initial measurement on the first-hop physical link; according to the initial measurement information, selecting a supportive user equipment of the beneficial user equipment from the pre-supportive user equipment or selecting a beneficial user equipment that is supported by the supportive user equipment.

Abstract: Systems and methods for updating a communication routing engine of a multi-tenant communication platform system. Responsive to a feedback message provided by an external system associated with a first account of the communication platform system, a communication routing engine of the communication platform system is updated based on the received feedback message. The feedback message relates to a first communication initiated on behalf of the first account of the communication platform system, and the first communication is initiated with a first communication route. The updated communication routing engine routes communications of a plurality of accounts of the communication platform system.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided. The solution includes controlling the reception of a signal; dividing the received signal into a predetermined number of signal streams including the same information; applying a linear process to each signal stream, the processes having different frequency characteristics for each stream; applying a shared interference rejection over the signal streams.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a coupler including a receiving portion that receives a first electromagnetic wave conveying first data from a transmitting device. A guiding portion guides the first electromagnetic wave to a junction for coupling the first electromagnetic wave to a transmission medium. The first electromagnetic wave propagates via at least one first guided wave mode. The coupling of the first electromagnetic wave to the transmission medium forms a second electromagnetic wave that is guided to propagate along the outer surface of the transmission medium via at least one second guided wave mode that differs from the at least one first guided wave mode. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for suppressing transmitter noise in a receive band of a co-located receiver that are suitable for wideband applications are disclosed. In one embodiment, a transmitter is configured to upconvert and amplify a digital transmit signal to provide an analog radio frequency transmit signal at an output of the transmitter that includes a desired signal in a transmit band of the transmitter and transmitter noise in a receive band of a main receiver. The main receiver is configured to amplify, downconvert, and digitize an analog radio frequency receive signal to provide a digital receive signal. The digital feedforward transmit noise cancellation subsystem is configured to process the digital transmit signal to generate a digital transmitter noise cancellation signal that is representative of the transmitter noise in the receive band and is subtracted from the digital receive signal to thereby provide a compensated digital receive signal.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments pertain to a method of generating a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) sequence for a system comprising a plurality of physical transmitting antenna elements serving a single cell. In some embodiments, the method may comprise: assigning a distinct Physical Antenna Port (PAP) identifier (ID) to a subset of the plurality of physical transmitting antenna elements; and generating PRS sequences for the subset of the plurality of physical transmitting antenna elements, wherein each PRS sequence corresponds to a physical transmitting antenna element in the subset of the plurality of physical transmitting antenna elements, and each PRS sequence has a corresponding frequency shift based, at least in part, on the PAP ID (h) of the corresponding physical transmitting antenna element.

Abstract: Systems and methods for suppressing transmitter noise in a receive band of a co-located receiver that are suitable for wideband applications are disclosed. In one embodiment, a transmitter is configured to upconvert and amplify a digital transmit signal to provide an analog radio frequency transmit signal at an output of the transmitter that includes a desired signal in a transmit band of the transmitter and transmitter noise in a receive band of a main receiver. The main receiver is configured to amplify, downconvert, and digitize an analog radio frequency receive signal to provide a digital receive signal. The digital feedforward transmit noise cancellation subsystem is configured to process the digital transmit signal to generate a digital transmitter noise cancellation signal that is representative of the transmitter noise in the receive band and is subtracted from the digital receive signal to thereby provide a compensated digital receive signal.

Abstract: A system and method for wideband tunable notch cancellation that is passive and does not require feedback or feed forward circuitry. An input spectrum containing interference is split into two signals that are 180 degrees out of phase with each other. The preferred signal is filtered out of the 180 degree out of phase signal using a notch filter while the original signal is sent through a delay line. Then the two signals are summed with a power summer so that the interference signals that are 180 degrees out of phase with those in the original signal are cancelled out and the preferred signal remains. The notch filter is tunable to different preferred signals.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a first communication module, a second communication module, an antenna module and a filtering module. The first communication module transmits and receives a first RF signal on a first channel. The second communication module transmits and receives a second RF signal on a second channel. The antenna module includes multiple antennas for transmitting and receiving the first and second RF signals. The filtering module is coupled between the first and second communication modules and the antenna module. The filtering module filters the first RF signal according to a first frequency response, and it filters the second RF signal according to a second frequency response to ensure the first RF signal and the second RF signal do not interfere with each other.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system and methodology are disclosed for enabling a network to manage threshold values provided to UEs for use in decoding ACK-NAK signals. In various embodiments described herein, a base station signals an actual fixed threshold value in a semi-static manner for use by UEs to decode ACK/NAK signals. In these embodiments, the threshold value is part of a semi-static but UE-specific threshold value. This allows the base station to accommodate varying UE geometries, and optimize power savings for ACK-NAK transmissions. Embodiments of the invention also allow the base station to enforce a desired quality of service (QoS) without excessive power variations across ACK/NAK which are limited by the transmit power dynamic range.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for mitigating multiband self-interference using multipath cancellation. A dual-band transceiver receives an incoming radio-frequency signal that includes a multipath self-interference component generated by the transmission of an outgoing radio-frequency signal. The transceiver creates a plurality of reference signals from the outgoing radio-frequency signal by introducing delay values with respect to the outgoing signal. The transceiver adjusts the amplitude and phase of each of the delayed reference signals and combines the resulting signals with the incoming radio-frequency signal to cancel the self-interference component. The delay values may be determined adaptively. The systems and methods described herein are particularly useful for dual-band transceivers capable of communicating simultaneously using Long-Term Evolution (LTE) wideband signals and Public-Safety Narrowband (PSNB) signals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a clustered substrate processing system comprising a plurality of lithography elements. Each lithography element is arranged for independent exposure of substrates according to pattern data, and comprises a plurality of lithography subsystems, a control network arranged for communication of control information between the lithography subsystems and at least one element control unit, the element control unit arranged to transmit commands to the lithography subsystems and the lithography subsystems arranged to transmit responses to the element control unit, and a data network arranged for communication of data logging information from the lithography subsystems to at least one data network hub, the lithography subsystems arranged to transmit data logging information to the data network hub and the data hub arranged for receiving and storing the data logging information. The system further comprises a cluster front-end for interface to an operator or host system.

Abstract: Devices and methods for adjusting resource management procedures based on machine device capability information are disclosed. In one aspect, a method for adjusting resource management procedures in a machine device communicating with a node operating in a communication network includes receiving a first message from the machine device, the first message including machine device capability information, processing the received machine device capability information to determine an adjustment to a resource management procedure, and transmitting a second message to the machine device, the second message including the determined resource management procedure adjustment. The first and second messages may be radio resource control (RRC) messages, such as RRC connection request and setup messages.

Abstract: A method for operating a receiver and a device are provided. The device comprises a first and a second antenna, a receiver operationally coupled to the first antenna and a transceiver operationally coupled to the second antenna. The receiver receives information in bursts on a first band of radio frequencies. A controller of the device measures signal strength of the information received with the receiver, compares the measured signal strength to a reference value and enables operation of the transceiver if the measured signal strength is above the reference value, and limits operation of the transceiver during reception of the bursts if the measured signal strength is below the reference value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for providing multimedia broadcast multicast services (MBMS) service feedback. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive an MBMS service query message over an MBMS control channel and transmit an MBMS service response. The MBMS service query message and MBMS service response message may be radio resource controller messages. The MBMS service query message may include MBMS service identifiers which identify MBMS services that the WTRU is receiving or intending to receive. The WTRU may generate a report with MBMS service identifier index values, where each MBMS service identifier index value indicates a position of a service identifier corresponding to an MBMS service in the original query list that the WTRU is currently receiving or intending to receive. The MBMS service status query message may be received alone or along with a MBSFNAreaConfiguration message. The WTRU may respond within a predetermined or configured time limit.

Abstract: A method for use in a cellular access system is disclosed. The system comprises at least one Radio Base Station (RBS) and a User Equipment (UE), which can send and receive data blocks to and from each other, comprising sequence numbers. The method, performed by a reporting party, comprises sending a transmission comprising a report to the report receiving party, said report comprising information on whether or not data blocks have been received successfully. The method further comprises sending said report together with data to the report receiving party or to another party. The method further comprises attaching addresses for a recipient of the data blocks and for the report in the transmission. The method further comprises deciding the contents of the report using at least one of a list of priority rules which have been given an internal priority ranking.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving CQI in a wireless communication system are provided, in which when a UE transitions from a continuous reception state to a DRX state, CQI report resources are reallocated to the UE according to a CQI report resource reallocation rule agreed between the UE and an E-RAN, which obviates the need for signaling information about allocated new CQI report resources.

Abstract: The present specification describes techniques and apparatus that enable wireless devices to communicate effectively at short ranges. In one implementation, the transmit power of a transmitting device is reduced to permit a receiving device to demodulate a signal.

Abstract: In a wireless communication device, in a correction value calculating mode, a control unit flips switches to the “a” sides, a modulation processing unit generates a CW signal as an I channel signal, a DAC converts the digital CW signal into an analog CW signal, an LPF eliminates the high-frequency component from the CW signal, a mixer functions as an up-converter for up-converting the CW signal, a PA amplifies the RF power of the CW signal, a mixer functions as a down-converter for down-converting the CW signal, an ADC converts the analog CW signal into a digital CW signal, a level detecting unit detects the voltage level of the CW signal, a correction value calculating unit calculates a correction value based on the detected voltage level, and a correction value storing unit stores the calculated correction value.

Abstract: A signal repeating element for repeating a signal includes a housing, at least one transmit antenna element positioned on one side of the housing and at least one receive antenna element positioned on the same one side of the housing. Receiver and transmitter circuitry is coupled with respective ones of the receive and transmit antenna elements. Phase circuitry for affecting the phase of signals from the at least one receive antenna element and at least one transmit antenna element is coupled between the respective receive or transmit antenna element and the receiver or transmitter circuitry.

Abstract: There is provided a method where a terminal amplifies an MBS signal that the terminal receives using a terminal in an MBS service, transmits the amplified signal to another terminal and controls it in order to overcome the fact it is not possible to provide high quality contents over a broad area due to interference signals between MBS zones, a terminal is used as a repeater at MBS transmission time only, and an output of a repeating signal of the terminal is controlled so that an excessive interference signal for another MBS area is not generated when the terminal operates as a repeater.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate integrating a list-sphere decoding design in a multiple input-multiple output (MIMO wireless communication environment. According to various aspects, optimal rank selection and CQI computation for an optimal rank can be performed in conjunction with a non-linear receiver, such as a maximum life (ML) MMSE receiver, a non-linear receiver with a list-sphere decoder, and the like. Optimal rank selection can be performed using a maximum rank selection protocol, a channel capacity-based protocol, or any other suitable protocol that facilitates rank selection, and CQI information can be generated based in part on effective SNRs determined with regard to a selected optimal rank.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an amplifier system has a tap, a delay filter, a linearized amplifier, and a hybrid combiner. The tapped portion of an input signal is amplified by the amplifier, the untapped portion of the input signal is delayed by the delay filter, and the combiner combines the resulting amplified, tapped portion and the delayed, untapped portion to generate an amplified output signal. By re-combining the delayed, untapped portion of the input signal with the amplified, tapped portion, the power of the untapped portion is not lost, and the amplifier does not have to compensate for all of the distortion that would otherwise be associated with the total output power level. Such an amplifier system is applicable, for example, in upgrading an existing GSM cell site to support both GSM communications as well as UMTS communications without degrading GSM operations.

Abstract: Disclosed herein an interference cancellation repeater and repeating method. The interference cancellation repeater includes a reception unit, an analog-to-digital (AD) converter unit, a digital processing unit, a digital-to-analog (DA) converter unit, and a transmission unit. The reception unit receives an analog signal. The AD converter unit converts the analog signal into a digital signal. The digital processing unit determines whether a feedback signal is present by analyzing the correlation between the digital signal and a previous transmission signal, and performs an operation of cancelling the feedback signal if, as a result of the determination, it is determined that the feedback signal is present. The DA converter unit converts a signal output from the digital processing unit into a transmission analog signal. The transmission unit sends the transmission analog signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for repeating signals includes a receive antenna for capturing a receive signal, processing circuitry for processing the receive signal to form a repeated signal, and a transmit antenna for transmitting the repeated signal. The processing circuitry includes gain circuitry for gain in the repeated signal and decorrelation circuitry configured for modifying the repeated signal with respect to the receive signal to thereby decorrelate the repeated signal from the receive signal. The processing circuitry further comprises circuitry configured for calculating a gain margin for the apparatus utilizing the decorrelated receive and repeated signals.

Abstract: A method for Tx interference cancellation and power detection in a wireless device is described. A portion of a Tx output signal is down-converted to generate a feedback signal. A reconstructed interference signal and a weight are generated based on the feedback signal. A Tx power level is detected based on the weight. The reconstructed interference signal is subtracted from the Tx output signal.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for wireless communication includes receiving cell information for a cluster of cells to be coordinated. A first cluster scheduling order used for the cluster of cells is retrieved. The first cluster scheduling order represents a sequence in which the cluster of cells were scheduled in a previous schedule. A second cluster scheduling order is generated. The second cluster scheduling order determines a sequence in which the cluster of cells are scheduled in an upcoming schedule. The second cluster scheduling order is decided based on the first cluster scheduling order and/or the cell information. The second cluster scheduling order is transmitted to the cluster of cells.

Abstract: A communications method implemented in a transmission point (TP) used in a coordinated multipoint transmission and reception (CoMP) system is disclosed. The communications method comprises transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), attributers for up to four indicators indicating at least physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) resource element (RE) mapping, and transmitting, to the UE, one of the four indicators, each of which is conveyed in 2 bits, wherein the four indicators comprises ‘00’, ‘01’, ‘10’, and ‘11’ corresponding to a first set, a second set, a third set, and a fourth set of parameters, respectively. Other methods, apparatuses, and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods and computer program products operate a radio network controller in a wireless communications system to determine a factor to be used by user equipment operative in the wireless communications network to determine a gain factor for an E-TFC based on the gain factor of a reference E-TFC; and to signal the factor to the user equipment. The radio network controller may select the factor based on at least one criterion. In another aspect, apparatus, methods and computer program products operate user equipment to receive a factor from a wireless communications network, and to use the factor transmitted by the wireless communications network to determine a gain factor that relates a data signal to be transmitted by the user equipment in a data channel and a control signal transmitted by the electronic device in a control channel, where the control signal transmitted in the control channel carries information for use in receiving the data signal.

Abstract: A method for controlling gain in a wireless repeater includes computing a gain control metric indicative of a loop gain of the repeater and detecting changes in a signal power of a gain control input signal where the gain control input signal is taken from any point in the feedback loop of the repeater. When a large power swing in the gain control input signal is detected, the method operates to discard at least a portion of each gain control metric measurement for a first duration before continuing with computing the gain control metric. In another embodiment, the method may include discarding samples of the gain control input signal used in computing the gain control metric for a first duration when a large power swing in the gain control input signal is detected.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a mobile radio communication device may be provided. The mobile radio communication device may include a first communication interface configured to communicate with another mobile radio communication device, a second communication interface configured to communicate with a mobile radio base station, and a relay quality determiner configured to determine a quality of relaying data between the other mobile radio communication device and the mobile radio base station via the first communication interface and the second communication interface.

Abstract: A method for controlling gain in a wireless repeater implementing echo cancellation determines a signal-to-interference-noise-ratio (SINR) of the input and output signals of the repeater and adjusts the gain of the repeater to optimize an achievable data rate and a coverage area of the repeater. The repeater gain may be decreased to increase the data rate and increase the achievable SINR of the output signal while the coverage area is reduced. Alternately, the repeater gain may be increased to decrease the data rate and decrease the achievable SINR of the output signal while the coverage area is increased.

Abstract: A method for computing a gain control metric used in controlling gain in a wireless repeater operates to store correlation and normalization values associated with the gain control metric for the previous N samples in registers. For each new sample of the gain control input signal, the correlation and normalization values are computed by discarding the multiplication terms of the obsolete sample and adding the multiplication terms of the new sample to the stored correlation and normalization values. In this manner, the complexity of the computation is greatly reduced and the complexity of the computation does not increase with the integration length.

Abstract: A transmitter beamforming technique for use in a MIMO wireless communication system determines a partial description of a reverse channel without determining a full dimensional description of the reverse channel. A correction matrix is developed from the partial description of the reverse channel and a description of the forward channel. The correction matrix is used to process signals to be transmitted via the forward channel, and a steering matrix is used to perform beamforming in the forward channel.

Abstract: An amplifier for controlling or reducing broadband noise is disclosed. An amplifier determines whether a useful signal is being amplified and controls the gain of the amplifier at least when useful signals are not being amplified to prevent or minimize the amplification of noise.

Abstract: A radio base station controls an antenna by adjusting a radio parameter value of the radio base station, and notifies another radio base station of the adjustment of the radio parameter value. The radio base station receives information from the other radio base station. The information relates to an influence on a radio characteristic of a cell formed by the other radio base station. The radio characteristic is influenced by the adjustment of the radio parameter of the radio base station. The radio base station readjusts the radio parameter value of the radio base station based on the information. The information relates to the influence on the radio characteristic of the cell formed by the other radio base station.

Abstract: An apparatus for repeating signals includes a receive antenna for capturing a receive signal, processing circuitry for processing the receive signal to form a repeated signal, and a transmit antenna for transmitting the repeated signal. The processing circuitry includes gain circuitry for gain in the repeated signal and decorrelation circuitry configured for modifying the repeated signal with respect to the receive signal to thereby decorrelate the repeated signal from the receive signal. The processing circuitry further comprises circuitry configured for calculating a gain margin for the apparatus utilizing the decorrelated receive and repeated signals.