Abstract: A method of broadcasting multi-layered information in a multi-antenna broadcasting system can include identifying at least a first and second layer of information to be transmitted. The first layer of information can be encoded for transmission using a first unitary code matrix and the second layer of information can be encoded for transmission using a second unitary code matrix. The first and second layers of the multi-layered information can be transmitted with the multi-antenna broadcasting system.

Abstract: The invention optimizes the security of data communication on wireless local area networks (WLANs). This invention uses radio frequency (RF) radiation sensors (sensors) on the physical perimeter of a campus, or between nodes in a wireless mesh network, to detect signal bleed outside of an acceptable geographic range. In a preferred embodiment, this is achieved by (1) setting the acceptable signal strength (“bleed”) to be allowed at the perimeter, (2) sensing the RF signal strength at the perimeter sensors, (3) providing feedback from the sensors to the central radiation source controller (controller), (4) adjusting the central radiation source signal strength upwards or downwards based on acceptable ranges, (5) repeating this procedure in real time to provide constant optimization.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for retransmitting data in a mobile communication system wherein a receiver determines whether an initial data block received from a transmitter has an error. Upon detecting an error from the initial data block, the receiver estimates a current channel state and determines a retransmission frequency and a power level of the initial data block according to the estimated current channel state. Thereafter, the receiver transmits a retransmission request message of the initial data block together with the determined retransmission frequency and the determined power level to the transmitter. The transmitter retransmits the initial data block as many times as the retransmission frequency at the requested power level. The receiver then determines whether the retransmitted data blocks have errors, and provides the retransmitted data blocks to an upper layer upon failure to detect errors from the retransmitted data blocks.

Abstract: A method for I/Q imbalance calibration of an OFDM system comprising the steps of initializing parameters Ap, Bp and ?p, estimating a loop delay factor L, generating a discrete-time test signal x[n], deriving a signal xcom[n] by compensating the test signal x[n] according to a function with parameters Ap, Bp and ?p, converting the signal xcom[n] to an analog signal x(t), applying I/Q modulation to the signal x(t) and outputting a modulated signal xmod(t), obtaining a characteristic signal xc(t) of the modulated signal, obtaining a signal xs[n] by sampling the characteristic signal xc(t) and obtaining statistics U1 and U2 of the signal xs[n], and updating the parameters Ap, Bp and ?p respectively by functions of L, U1, U2, and the current values of Ap, Bp and ?p.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a beam in a base station is provided and includes a plurality of channel cards for processing and outputting signals to be transmitted to each channel; a signal synthesizer/distributor for synthesizing the signals from the channel cards and compensating phases of the signals; a channel controller for controlling beams of the signals from the signal synthesizer/distributor according to a demand of a mobile communication terminal and outputting the controlled beam signals; a middle frequency generating block for receiving the signals from the channel controller and synthesizing the signals in each frequency to generate middle frequency signals; a transmitter for converting the middle frequency signals received from the middle frequency generating block into signals in a transmitting band; an RFB for amplifying the signals from the transmitter into signals in an output band and controlling phases of transmitting and receiving signals; and an antenna connection block for switching the sig

Abstract: A radio LAN master station system which provides long distance communication and suffers from small interference by another system located inside and/or outside of a service area comprises a transceiver, and a plurality of directional antennas each directed to a respective section with some angular spacing, through a power distributor which couples said transceiver with said antennas. Polarization plane of any antenna is orthogonal to polarization plane of an adjacent antenna.

Abstract: A transmission power control method and an apparatus, which includes a base station and a mobile stations, can lower a transmission power of a counterpart station and assure a communication quality, such as a desired bit error ratio, block error ratio, and so forth. A control reference value is set for generation of a control instruction controlling the transmission power of the counterpart station in a closed loop, when error correction coding and interleaving are used together. The transmission power control method includes steps of receiving a signal transmitted from a communication counterpart station, measuring a reception quality value of each received time slot, control instruction determining step of periodically determining a control instruction depending upon the reception quality values of the plurality of slots and transmitting the control instruction to the counterpart station, whereby the control instruction is used for transmission power control of the counterpart station.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transmitter gain stabilization apparatus which uses feedback control to stably control the gain of a radio base-station transmitter in a CDMA mobile communication system. The apparatus includes a reference-power generating unit for generating average power of a baseband signal as reference power, a detector for detecting transmission power, and a gain adjustment unit for adjusting the gain of a radio unit in the base station in such a manner that the detected power will coincide with the reference power.

Abstract: A method for increasing cellular system capacity includes receiving a signal in a time slot and a frequency band and transmitting a signal in the same time slot and the same frequency band. An adaptive self-interference canceller is used to reduce the radio frequency self-interference created by receiving and transmitting signals in the same time slot and the same frequency band. The self-interference can be further reduced by using: (1) a circulator connected between an antenna, a receiver, and a transmitter; (2) separate antennas for receiving and transmitting signals can be used; and/or (3) an adaptive antenna.

Abstract: A system operates to adaptively control the stability of an on-frequency repeater. A unique signature is imposed on RF signals transmitted by the repeater, and RF signals received by the repeater analyzed to detect signal components corresponding to the signature. The signature and the detected signal components are correlated by a micro-controller, which operates in accordance with an Adaptive Control Algorithm to adjust the ERP of RF signals transmitted by the repeater to limit signal leakage and thereby control the stability of the repeater.

Abstract: Communication device comprising a transmitter and a receiver, coupled to antenna means respectively via a transmitter output and a receiver input. For an effective and reliable reduction of transmitter leakage signals occurring at the receiver input corrective signal means are being used, comprising transmitter leakage signal selective amplifying means for selectively amplifying said transmitter leakage signal provided with a transmitter signal reference input being coupled to the transmitter output, a transmitter leakage signal input being coupled to the receiver input and a transmitter leakage signal output being coupled to said transmitter leakage signal input for a negative feed back of said transmitter leakage signals.

Abstract: While a spectrum waveform of an output signal from a subtracter (207) is visibly monitored, an operator controls a variable phases shifter (208) based upon a second control signal (CL2) so that a shape of a spectrum waveform of an output signal from a subtracter (207) is approximated to a spectrum waveform of a desirable wave to change a phase of a local oscillation frequency signal from a local oscillator (206). As a result, a phase of a duplicated loop signal is changed. Also, the operator controls a variable attenuator (209) based upon a first control signal (CL1) so that a shape of this spectrum waveform is approximated to a spectrum waveform of a desirable wave (20) to change a signal level of the duplicated loop signal.

Abstract: An inter-vehicle communication method according to the present invention performs communication by sequentially relaying transmission information among vehicles. For broadcasting the transmission information to peripheral vehicles, a vehicle transmitting the transmission information designates relay vehicles and causes the relay vehicles to broadcast reception information to peripheral vehicles of the relay vehicles. In order to designate the relay vehicles, the vehicle transmitting the transmission information receives positional information from its peripheral vehicles, identifies branch roads on which the respective peripheral vehicles exist by referring to map information, and designates as relay vehicles peripheral vehicles farthest away from the vehicle transmitting the transmission information on the respective branch roads.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for re-transmitting single frequency signals and a single frequency signal repeater, where coupling occurs between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and where the process is of the type used in a single frequency signal repeater and comprises the steps of: [a] receiving a first radio frequency signal having a particular receiving power, [b] optionally converting said first radio frequency signal into a process signal, [c] filtering, amplification and automatically controlling the gain of said signal, [d] canceling said coupling between said transmitting antenna and said receiving antenna, [e] reconverting, as the case may be, said process signal into a second radio frequency signal, [f] amplifying the power of said second radio frequency signal, [g] output filtering, and [g] transmission.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a phase angle (?) of a phase modifier (25) of a transmitting device which includes a quadrature modulator (3), a power amplifier (9), a quadrature demodulator (19) and differential amplifiers (26, 27). The power amplifier (9) is linearized via the feedback loop (16) according to the Cartesian feedback method. The phase modifier (25) supplies an oscillator signal to the quadrature demodulator (19), which signal is shifted by the phase angle (?) to be adjusted with regard to the oscillator signal that is supplied to the quadrature modulator (3). An input signal with a constant inphase component (I) and a constant quadrature phase component (Q) is applied during each transmission burst in the instance of a closed feedback loop, and the quadrature component (VQM) and/or the inphase component (VIM) is measured at a measuring point (53, 61) located behind the output of the differential amplifiers (26, 27).

Abstract: A method for increase receiver efficiency in a multimode communication device includes a first step of monitoring a received signal strength of a neighboring cell on a receiver channel. A next step includes determining a noise on the receiver channel from a transmitter power amplifier of the communication device. A next step includes comparing the level of interference with a predetermined threshold and with respect to the signal strength. A next step includes blanking the receiver when the transmitter power amplifier of the communication device is on and if the predetermined threshold is not exceeded indicating excessive self-interference.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and code on a computer readable medium are provided for constructing and operating a vehicle communication unit that is adapted for enunciating an audio signal to the cabin of a vehicle, and for simultaneously receiving the enunciated audio signal and a voice-command from a user speaking in the cabin of the vehicle, and for generating a DTMF signal in response to the voice-command without muting or otherwise interrupting the enunciated audio signal.

Abstract: An integrated repeater includes a housing having opposing sides, a donor antenna mounted on one of the opposing sides, a null antenna mounted on the other of the opposing sides, and repeater electronics mounted in the housing and operatively interconnecting the donor antenna and the null antenna. The repeater electronics include a beamforming arrangement for creating a desired antenna pattern of the donor antenna relative to a base station and a desired antenna pattern of the null antenna relative to subscriber equipment, and interference cancellation electronics for cancelling interference feedback signals between the donor antenna and the null antenna in both an uplink path and a downlink path.

Abstract: An intelligent gain controller operates to control the gain in each one of wideband uplink and downlink signal paths. Weak desired signals, within each wideband signal path, are detected using a narrowband down converter and detector, and these desired signals monitored by the micro controller. Based on the monitored signals, the micro controller operates, under control of suitable software implementing an Adaptive Control Algorithm, to adjust the gain in each of the uplink and downlink paths in order to dynamically optimize performance.

Abstract: A method for extracting a constant part and a variable part from a data signal that is determined. The values that are extracted in this way are transmitted with different timing over a transmission link that is present. Depending on the bandwidth of the composite signal, various methods can be applied for transmitting relatively low bandwidth signals with possibly higher resolution.

Abstract: A system and a method of controlling transmitter power in a wireless communication system in which user data is processed as a multirate signal having a rate N(t) and in which the user data signal having rate N(t) is converted into a transmission data signal having a faster rate M(t) for transmission. The transmission power is adjusted on a relatively slow basis based on quality of data received by a receiver of the transmitted data. The transmitter power is determined as a function of N(t)/M(t) such that a change in the data rate in the multiple channels or the rate of the transmission data signal is compensated in advance of a quality of data based adjustment associated with such data rate change. Preferably, the user data signal having rate N(t) is converted into the transmission data signal having the faster rate M(t) by repeating selected data bits whereby the energy per bit to noise spectrum density ratio is increased in the transmission data signal.

Abstract: A transmitting/receiving apparatus of a repeater system in which a signal received by the receiving apparatus from a base station is amplified to a high-powered transmission signal by the transmitting apparatus so as to be transmitted to a destination, wherein the transmitting apparatus varies a phase and a magnitude of the transmission signal and applies a compensation signal to the receiving apparatus, and the receiving apparatus adds the inputted compensation signal and a signal inputted through a receiving antenna and removes an unnecessary frequency component caused due to interference of the transmission signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing echo feedback in a wireless communication system (10) is accomplished when a receiving communication unit (24) senses a feedback signal, or echo, via an ancillary communication path. The receiving communication unit is a targeted recipient of an original audio signal generated by a transmitting communication unit (22), where the original audio signal (42) is conveyed to the receiving communication unit. Upon detecting the feedback signal and determining that it exceeds a feedback threshold, the receiving communication unit attenuates an audible output of the original signal to reduce echo to the transmitting communication unit. In addition, the receiving communication unit, and/or the transmitting communication unit include echo canceller to further minimize the echo within the digital communication system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transmission or transmission/reception device having a transmission path structure which makes it possible to increase the range of variation of the transmission power without degrading the signal-to-noise ratio. The attenuation is achieved in part in an internal unit 5 and in part in an external unit 4 with the aid of a switching circuit 25 which selectably couples an antenna between an output or an input of an amplifier.

Abstract: Channel quality indicator (CQI) information may be appended to a packet that is to be transmitted on the reverse link. Power allocation on the forward link may be controlled based on forward link channel quality information feedback. The packet may be decoded, and channel quality indicator (CQI) information in the packet related to the forward link may be used for potentially modifying power of subsequent transmissions. A control channel containing channel quality indicator (CQI) information, together with a data channel carrying at least one data packet, may be transmitted over the reverse link.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for passive interference cancellation are provided. The apparatus includes a first and second radio operating on a same frequency band, a first and second coupler, and a first phase shifter. The first radio includes a first radio transceiver and a first radio antennae. The second radio includes a second radio antennae located a predetermined distance from the first radio antennae. A first coupler and second coupler are adjusted according to a coupling loss between the antennas. The first radio transceiver transmits a first signal. The first signal is divided by the first coupler to a first portion and a second portion. The first portion moves through the first radio antennae and is received by the second radio antennae. The second portion moves through the first phase shifter. Both portions of the first signal meet and cancel to achieve a specified isolation between the radios.

Abstract: Briefly, a method to control data transmission rate and transmission power level of a mobile unit is provided. The method may include varying a data transmission rate value based on a difference between a received signal strength and a receiver sensitivity value and reducing the transmission power level when transmission is at the highest data transmission rate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a repeater system having an oscillation preventing function and an automatic reverse output disabling function, and a control method thereof, in which the reverse output of the repeater system is disabled upon detection of a non-subscriber interval in the service area or a reverse oscillation so as to prevent a drop in the capacity of a base station transceiver system and protect a reception path.

Abstract: A repeater system has at least one donor antenna element for communicating with a base station and at least one link antenna element for communicating with a remote station. A radio frequency uplink path and a radio frequency downlink path are coupled between the donor antenna and the null antenna. An adaptive cancellation circuit in each of the radio frequency uplink path and the radio frequency downlink path generates a cancellation signal, which when added to a radio frequency signal in either of the radio frequency uplink and radio frequency downlink paths, substantially cancels any feedback signal present in the radio frequency signal.

Abstract: The invention is a terminal, system and method for providing inter-frequency and inter-system handovers. A terminal 20′ in accordance with the invention includes at least one radio transceiver including P radio receivers and at least one transmitter (16) with P being an integer at least equal to 2. Each radio receiver includes an antenna (41) which receives M encoded data streams. A terminal controller 18 controls the that at least one radio transceiver.

Abstract: A wireless transceiver featuring a compensating filter circuit with a frequency and optionally an amplitude response which has the same function as the composite of filter effects from the transmit side as well as from the intermediate frequency (IF) stage of the receive side. The compensating filtering approximately duplicates the effects of the phase lock loop on the transmit side and the effects of IF filtering on the receive side, as well as amplitude distortion in the detector, which would delay or distort the audio. Then, the compensated audio is added or subtracted, depending on phase considerations, from the receive signal so that the receive signal is free of filter artifacts.

Abstract: Speech recognition in mobile processor-based devices may be improved by using location information. Location information may be derived from on-board hardware or from information provided remotely. The location information may assist in a variety of ways in improving speech recognition. For example, the ability to adapt to the local ambient conditions, including reverberation and noise characteristics, may be enhanced by location information. In some embodiments, pre-developed models or context information may be provided from a remote server for given locations.

Abstract: One or more controls producing control signals for electrical apparatus are disposed at the face of an electronic display screen which display graphics pertinent to the operation of the controls. Controls having a cap which is slidable along a track include a tongue in the track connecting with signal producing components at an off screen location thereby enabling use of a track of minimal bulk. Controls having slidable caps or turnable knobs and controls such as joysticks and switches snap engage at the face of the screen enabling easy replacement and movement to different locations on the screen. Control signals may be transmitted to an off screen location without use of conductors extending along the screen.

Abstract: Transmit a desired signal from a first antenna, and an interference signal from a second antenna, and calculate a weight vector by which the interference signal can be eliminated and the desired signal can be array-received by a third antenna and a fourth antenna. While having the third antenna and the fourth antenna array-transmit signals using the weight vector calculated, fluctuate the phase amount and the amplitude amount of the signals transmitted by the fourth antenna, so as to calculate a correction value from the phase amount and the amplitude amount at the time when the signal level of the signals received by the second antenna is minimum.

Abstract: A glass bulb for a cathode ray tube comprising a panel portion having a substantially rectangular face portion and a funnel portion having a neck portion, wherein when the glass bulb is used for a cathode ray tube, the glass bulb at least regionally suffers from a tensile stress resulting from the atmospheric pressure on the outer surface of the glass bulb having a vacuum inside, at least part of the face portion of the panel portion where the tensile stress over the face portion has a maximum value &sgr;VP has a compressive stress layer formed by chemical tempering on the outer surface, and the &sgr;VP, the magnitude of the compressive stress on the compressive stress layer &sgr;C MPa, and the thickness of the compressive stress layer tC &mgr;m satisfy the following relationship: 120/tC≧(1−|&sgr;VP/&sgr;C|)>30/tC provided that &sgr;VP≧20 MPa.

Abstract: A communication transceiver circuit intended for operation in a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system. The configuration eliminates the need for transmit-receive switches and the circuitry needed to operate them. Instead, a three port circulator is used to couple a transmitter section and receiver section to a common antenna. A signal power detector and blanking circuit are coupled to the receiver section input and arranged to generate a blanking signal for an input receiver amplifier. This disables the receiver during conditions when power reflected back through the antenna and circulator would otherwise saturate the receiver. In a preferred environment, a second circulator is connected to an intermediate frequency (IF) side of the transceiver together with a pair of isolators to permit the transceiver to be connected to IF equipment with a single cable.

Abstract: The present invention provides, for use in a radio frequency (RF) transmitter that employs a power amplifier to transmit broadband signals, the power amplifier introducing amplitude and phase distortion, a group delay precompensator circuit. In one embodiment, the group delay precompensator circuit includes: (1) a Cartesian feedback loop coupled between an output of the power amplifier and an input of the RF transmitter; and (2) a group delay compensation block, located in the Cartesian feedback loop, that introduces an opposing phase characteristic into the Cartesian feedback loop and thereby precompensates for the phase distortion. A method of precompensating a group delay and an RF transmitter incorporating the precompensator or the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: An interference canceling device comprising a flat phase IF narrow band BPF. A signal which has been branched from a signal on the main line is filtered by the BPF and is recombined with the signal on the main line. Phase rotation caused by frequency separation from the pass band center frequency does not occur because the phase characteristics of the BPF are substantially flat in the pass band. Thus, interference existing not only in a pin-point frequency, but over a band of frequencies can be cancelled.

Abstract: A method of controlling the power in a wireless communication system. In one embodiment of the invention, a base station determines the information rate of a signal to be transmitted to a mobile station, and obtains the variable power control scaling factor based on this information rate. The base station then transmits the variable power control scaling factor to the mobile station. The mobile station determines a target signal quality measurement for a received signal from the base station, such as a target Eb/N0, and scales the target Eb/N0 by the variable power control scaling factor. The mobile station also obtains an information rate scaling factor based on the information rate of the received signal, and further scales the target Eb/N0 by this information rate scaling factor. The mobile station then compares the target Eb/N0 to a measured Eb/N0 of the received signal.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for re-transmitting single frequency signals and a single frequency signal repeater, where coupling occurs between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and where the process is of the type used in a single frequency signal repeater and comprises the steps of: [a] receiving a first radio frequency signal having a particular receiving power, [b] optionally converting said first radio frequency signal into a process signal, [c] filtering, amplification and automatically controlling the gain of said signal, [d] canceling said coupling between said transmitting antenna and said receiving antenna, [e] reconverting, as the case may be, said process signal into a second radio frequency signal, [f] amplifying the power of said second radio frequency signal, [g] output filtering, and [g] transmission.

Abstract: The invention compensates for any interference from a mobile communication unit to a positioning receiver unit in a multiple standard communication device with mobile communication and localization functionality. A first sub-unit receives input signals at a predetermined input level. A second sub-unit transmits output signals at an output level that is large compared to the input level of the first sub-unit. A branch-off unit branches off a part of the output signal before the antenna of the second sub-unit. An interference suppression unit receives the branch-off part of the output signal and derives an interference compensation signal therefrom through attenuation and subsequent phase shifting. The interference compensation signal is supplied to a superposition unit that also receives the input signal of the first sub-unit.

Abstract: A forward link power control device for a mobile communication system supporting a transmission diversity function. The power control device comprises a base station device and mobile station device. The base station device transmits a traffic signal via at least two antennas, switches the traffic signal to be transmitted to any one of the two antennas based on a power control group period, and equally controls transmission power of the traffic signal being transmitted to the antennas according to power control information received via a reverse link.

Abstract: A radio telephone for communicating in a spreadspectrum communication system having a plurality of radio channels of different frequencies; the radio telephone comprising communication means for establishing over one of said radio channels a communication link over which is communicated data and associated error correction data; a receiver operable to alternatively receive for a period a radio channel other than the established channel and processing means for measuring the radio signal characteristics of the other channel; the processing means being operable to use error correction data received over the established communication link to calculate the contents of the established communication link data of the radio channel signal during the period.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for passive interference cancellation are provided. The apparatus includes a first and second radio operating on a same frequency band, a first and second coupler, and a first phase shifter. The first radio includes a first radio transceiver and a first radio antennae. The second radio includes a second radio antennae located a predetermined distance from the first radio antennae. A first coupler and second coupler are adjusted according to a coupling loss between the antennas. The first radio transceiver transmits a first signal. The first signal is divided by the first coupler to a first portion and a second portion. The first portion moves through the first radio antennae and is received by the second radio antennae. The second portion moves through the first phase shifter. Both portions of the first signal meet and cancel to achieve a specified isolation between the radios.

Abstract: A radio repeater device, which can mutually communicate by relay of a vehicular terminal with a base station, comprises a first antenna to communicate with the base station, a second antenna to communicate with the vehicular terminal, and a repeater section which is connected with the first antenna and the second antenna, and to relay the base station and the vehicular terminal to be able to communicate therebetween, and, when the first antenna receives the signal from the vehicular terminal, an operation of at least the repeater section is stopped.

Abstract: A method for aligning a plurality of thin film transistor tiles for constructing a flat panel display. A coverplate is arranged on a coverplate support. A first layer of a bonding material is applied to at least one of a first side of each of the tiles and a surface of the coverplate on which the tiles are to be secured. The tiles are arranged on the coverplate, such that the first layer of bonding material is arranged between the tiles and the coverplate. The tiles are connected to an alignment apparatus. The tiles are aligned relative to each other and the coverplate. The tiles are at least partially secured to the coverplate.

Abstract: The present system for determining the phase and amplitude of a radio occultation signal modifies the traditional Open Loop tracking process to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, minimize the sampling rate, and also preserve the structure of the radio occultation signals. A radio occultation system includes a transmitter system, a receiver system, and a post-processing system. The receiver system receives the radio signal that is transmitted by the transmitter system through the earth's atmosphere, where it is occulted, and down converts the received radio occultation signal to generate a down converted signal based on a phase model that uses a refractivity climatology. The receiver system then low pass filters the down converted signal and samples the in-phase and quadrature components of the down converted and low pass filtered signal.

Abstract: By controlling reverse rates among mobile stations to reduce reverse-link interference, reverse-link throughput can be increased.

Abstract: While a spectrum waveform of an output signal from a subtracter (207) is visibly monitored, an operator controls a variable phases shifter (208) based upon a second control signal (CL2) so that a shape of a spectrum waveform of an output signal from a subtracter (207) is approximated to a spectrum waveform of a desirable wave to change a phase of a local oscillation frequency signal from a local oscillator (206). As a result, a phase of a duplicated loop signal is changed. Also, the operator controls a variable attenuator (209) based upon a first control signal (CL1) so that a shape of this spectrum waveform is approximated to a spectrum waveform of a desirable wave (20) to change a signal level of the duplicated loop signal.